In China,lung cancer ranks first in the incidence and death of malignant tumors.Early diagnosis and timely treatment can significantly improve the survival rate of lung cancer.However,75％of patients are already in the advanced stage at the time of initial diagnosis,missing the best treatment opportunity.Lung nodules are the manifestations of early lung cancer.How to accurately distinguish benign and malignant pul-monary nodules and avoid missing diagnosis of malignant lung nodules and over-treatment of benign lung nod-ules are important clinical problems.Liquid biopsy has the advantages of non-invasiveness,high reproducibili-ty,operability,easy dynamic monitoring and overcoming tumor heterogeneity,which can realize early detection and diagnosis of malignant tumors.Besides,it is the most potential precision tumor detection technology,which is expected to become a breakthrough in the diagnosis of benign and malignant lung nodules.This arti-cle reviews the research and application of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis of lung nodules in recent years,in or-der to provide ideas for clinical application and future research.

Cancer cells refer to a group of malignant cells with strong division and proliferation abilities.Cancer cells rely on the unstable plunder of human nutrition to sustain the large amount of energy that they need for their own division and proliferation.The division and proliferation of cancer cells are linked to the synthesis and replication of genetic material in the nucleus.Blockage or destruction of the synthesis of genetic material in cancer cells is one of the mechanisms underlying the action of most antitumor drugs.As the key material that dominates cell division,proliferation,and death,nuclear genetic material which mainly refers to the deoxyribonucleic acid located on the chromatin in the nucleus,plays a decisive role in the final fate of cells.The final fate of cancer cells after the damage of the genetic material is worthy of investigation and analysis.In this paper,we discuss and analyze the fate of cancer cells after genetic material damage from the aspect of cellular cycle arrest,apoptosis,autophagy,and senescence to provide ideas for the mechanism research on antitumor drugs.

Objective To retrieve,evaluate and summarise the relevant evidence in non-pharmacological management of venous thromboembolism in patients with haemorrhagic stroke during perioperative period so as to provide references for clinical practice. Methods According to the "6S" evidence pyramid mode,evidence was retrieved from top to bottom across databases such as BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,JBI Evidence-Based Healthcare Centre,the National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC),the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE),the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN),the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO) guidelines network,the Canadian Heart and Stroke Foundation (HSF),the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA),the Neuro-Critical Care Society (NCS),the European Stroke Organization (ESO),Cochrane Library,PubMed,Medline,CNKI,Web of Science,Embase,the China Biomedical Literature Database,Wanfang Data,Medlive,VIP,and the Chinese Medical Journal Full-Text Database. The search focused on non-pharmacological management of perioperative venous thromboembolism in haemorrhagic stroke patients,including guidelines for clinical practice,expert consensus,systematic reviews and evidence summaries. The searched literatrue was from the inception of the databases to April 11th,2024. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the literature,extracted,integrated and summarised the best evidences. Results A total of 23 articles were included,comprising 12 guidelines,5 systematic reviews,4 expert consensuses and 2 evidence summaries. Thirty-one pieces of the best evidence were summarised and integrated into 5 topics,including multidisciplinary teamwork,risk assessment and screening,basic prevention,mechanical prophylaxis and health education. Conclusion This study has summarised the best evidence for non-pharmacological management of venous thromboembolism in patients with haemorrhagic stroke during the perioperative period. It provides evidence-based references for clinical medical staff to prevent and manage venous thromboembolism in patients with hemorrhagic stroke during perioperative period.

Objective To retrieve,evaluate and summarise the relevant evidence in non-pharmacological management of venous thromboembolism in patients with haemorrhagic stroke during perioperative period so as to provide references for clinical practice. Methods According to the "6S" evidence pyramid mode,evidence was retrieved from top to bottom across databases such as BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,JBI Evidence-Based Healthcare Centre,the National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC),the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE),the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN),the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO) guidelines network,the Canadian Heart and Stroke Foundation (HSF),the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA),the Neuro-Critical Care Society (NCS),the European Stroke Organization (ESO),Cochrane Library,PubMed,Medline,CNKI,Web of Science,Embase,the China Biomedical Literature Database,Wanfang Data,Medlive,VIP,and the Chinese Medical Journal Full-Text Database. The search focused on non-pharmacological management of perioperative venous thromboembolism in haemorrhagic stroke patients,including guidelines for clinical practice,expert consensus,systematic reviews and evidence summaries. The searched literatrue was from the inception of the databases to April 11th,2024. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the literature,extracted,integrated and summarised the best evidences. Results A total of 23 articles were included,comprising 12 guidelines,5 systematic reviews,4 expert consensuses and 2 evidence summaries. Thirty-one pieces of the best evidence were summarised and integrated into 5 topics,including multidisciplinary teamwork,risk assessment and screening,basic prevention,mechanical prophylaxis and health education. Conclusion This study has summarised the best evidence for non-pharmacological management of venous thromboembolism in patients with haemorrhagic stroke during the perioperative period. It provides evidence-based references for clinical medical staff to prevent and manage venous thromboembolism in patients with hemorrhagic stroke during perioperative period.