In 2022， Hainan provincial government launched the project for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis with the goals of a hepatitis B screening rate of 90%， a diagnostic rate of 90%， and a treatment rate of 80% among people aged 18 years and above by the year 2025， and the main intervention measures include population-based prevention， case screening， antiviral therapy， and health management. As of December 31， 2024， a total of 6.875 million individuals in the general population had been screened for hepatitis B， with a screening rate of 95.6%. A total of 184 710 individuals with positive HBsAg were identified， among whom 156 772 were diagnosed through serological reexamination， resulting in a diagnostic rate of 84.9%. A total of 50 742 patients with chronic hepatitis B were identified， among whom 42 921 had hepatitis B-specific health records established for health management， with a file establishment rate of 84.6%. A total of 31 553 individuals received antiviral therapy， with a treatment rate of 62.2%. A total of 2.503 million individuals at a high risk of hepatitis C were screened， among whom 4 870 tested positive for HCV antibody and 3 858 underwent HCV RNA testing， resulting in a diagnostic rate of 79.2%， and 1 824 individuals with positive HCV RNA were identified， among whom 1 194 received antiviral therapy， with a treatment rate of 65.5%. In addition， 159 301 individuals with negative HBsAg and anti-HBs and an age of 20 — 40 years were inoculated with hepatitis B vaccine free of charge. Through the implementation of the project for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis， a large number of hepatitis patients have been identified， treated， and managed in the province within a short period of time， which significantly accelerates the efforts to eliminate the crisis of viral hepatitis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent intestinal disease, and has become a major global health issue. Individuals with IBD face an elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), and recent studies have indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of both IBD and CRC. This review covers the pathogenesis of IBD and CRC, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction, and explores pharmacological targets and strategies for addressing both conditions by modulating mitochondrial function. Additionally, recent advancements in the pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction for treating IBD and CRC, encompassing mitochondrial damage, release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and impairment of mitophagy, are thoroughly summarized. The review also provides a systematic overview of natural compounds (such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and diterpenoids), Chinese medicines, and intestinal microbiota, which can alleviate IBD and attenuate the progression of CRC by modulating mitochondrial function. In the future, it will be imperative to develop more practical methodologies for real-time monitoring and accurate detection of mitochondrial function, which will greatly aid scientists in identifying more effective agents for treating IBD and CRC through modulation of mitochondrial function.

Liraglutide (Lira), a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist approved for diabetes and obesity, has shown significant potential in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, its systematic molecular regulation and mechanisms remain underexplored. In this study, a mouse model of MASLD was developed using a high-fat diet (HFD), followed by Lira administration. Proteomics and glycoproteomics were analyzed using label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), while potential molecular target analysis was conducted via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. Our results revealed that Lira treatment significantly reduced liver weight and serum markers, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and others, with glycosylation changes playing a more significant role than overall protein expression. The glycoproteome identified 255 independent glycosylation sites, emphasizing the impact of Lira on amino acid, carbohydrate metabolism, and ferroptosis. Simultaneously, proteomic analysis highlighted its effects on lipid metabolism and fibrosis pathways. 21 signature molecules, including 7 proteins and 14 N-glycosylation sites (N-glycosites), were identified as potential targets. A Lira hydrogel formulation (Lira@fibrin (Fib) Gel) was developed to extend drug dosing intervals, offering enhanced therapeutic efficacy in managing chronic metabolic diseases. Our study demonstrated the importance of glycosylation regulation in the therapeutic effects of Lira on MASLD, identifying potential molecular targets and advancing its clinical application for MASLD treatment.

Objective:To observe the expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway-related proteins and their phosphorylation in the liver tissues of rats with inorganic arsenic poisoning, and to explore the role of TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway in arsenic-induced liver fibrosis injury.Methods:Eighteen healthy weanling SD rats were divided into 3 groups according to their body weight (80 - 100 g) using a random number table (6 rats in each group, half males and half females). The control group was given 10 ml/kg of normal saline by gavage. The sodium arsenite (NaAsO 2) exposure group was given 10 mg/kg of NaAsO 2 by gavage. The TAK-242 intervention group was given 10 mg/kg of NaAsO 2 by gavage, and 0.5 mg/kg of TAK-242 was also administered intraperitoneally to inhibit TLR4 after 12 weeks. All rats were administered 6 days a week for 36 weeks. At the end of the treatment, the liver tissues and serum of the rats in each group were collected. HE and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological and fibrotic changes of the liver tissues. Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect serum liver function indexes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Western blot was used to detect the expression changes of rat liver fibrosis protein α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Vimentin and TLR4 signaling pathway-related proteins TLR4, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-p65 subunit (p65), NF-κB-p50 subunit (p50) and their phosphorylation p-p65 and p-p50 expression levels. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the secretion levels of inflammatory related factors interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-10. Results:HE and Masson staining results showed that compared with the control group, the NaAsO 2 exposure group showed significant inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatocyte necrosis and collagen fibrous deposition, while the TAK-242 intervention group showed improvement of the inflammatory cell infiltration and reduction of collagen fibrous deposition compared with the NaAsO 2 exposure group. The results of serum liver function indexes showed that ALT, AST and ALP in NaAsO 2 exposure group were increased compared with the control group, but the TAK-242 intervention group was significantly decreased compared with the NaAsO 2 exposure group ( P < 0.05). Western bolt results showed that in NaAsO 2 exposure group, the expression levels of fibrosis protein α-SMA, TGF-β1 and Vimentin (1.04 ± 0.19, 0.92 ± 0.14, 1.20 ± 0.21) and TLR4 signaling pathway-related proteins and their phosphorylation TLR4, p50, p-p50 and p-p65 (1.16 ± 0.21, 0.95 ± 0.16, 1.24 ± 0.23, 1.56 ± 0.25) were higher than the control group (0.44 ± 0.08, 0.42 ± 0.08, 0.72 ± 0.07, 0.69 ± 0.15, 0.71 ± 0.11, 0.46 ± 0.07, 0.54 ± 0.11, P < 0.05), and the TAK-242 intervention group (0.60 ± 0.13, 0.59 ± 0.16, 0.49 ± 0.11, 0.47 ± 0.08, 0.86 ± 0.09, 0.79 ± 0.14, 1.02 ± 0.17) were lower than the NaAsO 2 exposure group ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression level of TLR4 signal pathway-related protein p65 among the three groups ( F = 14.29, P = 0.053). ELISA results showed that the secretion levels of IL-6 and TNF-α [(98.89 ± 4.58), (83.25 ± 4.57) ng/g] in rats liver tissues of the NaAsO 2 exposure group were higher than the control group [(27.30 ± 3.92), (27.77 ± 1.83) ng/g, P < 0.05], while the secretion level of IL-10 [(36.88 ± 3.86) ng/g] was lower than the control group [(77.96 ± 7.87) ng/g, P < 0.05]. In TAK-242 intervention group, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion levels [(44.32 ± 3.60), (36.51 ± 2.93) ng/g] were lower and IL-10 secretion level [(60.40 ± 4.94) ng/g] was higher compared with the NaAsO 2 exposure group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway-related proteins and their phosphorylation are highly expressed in the liver tissues of rats with inorganic arsenic poisoning, and inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway could significantly reduce the degree of liver fibrosis injury caused by inorganic arsenic in rats.

Infectious bone defect is bone defect with infection or as a result of treatment of bone infection. It requires surgical intervention, and the treatment processes are complex and long, which include bone infection control,bone defect repair and even complex soft tissue reconstructions in some cases. Failure to achieve the goals in any step may lead to the failure of the overall treatment. Therefore, infectious bone defect has been a worldwide challenge in the field of orthopedics. Conventionally, sequestrectomy, bone grafting, bone transport, and systemic/local antibiotic treatment are standard therapies. Radical debridement remains one of the cornerstones for the management of bone infection. However, the scale of debridement and the timing and method of bone defect reconstruction remain controversial. With the clinical application of induced membrane technique, effective infection control and rapid bone reconstruction have been achieved in the management of infectious bone defect. The induced membrane technique has attracted more interests and attention, but the lack of understanding the basic principles of infection control and technical details may hamper the clinical outcomes of induced membrane technique and complications can possibly occur. Therefore, the Chinese Orthopedic Association organized domestic orthopedic experts to formulate An evidence-based clinical guideline for the treatment of infectious bone defect with induced membrane technique ( version 2023) according to the evidence-based method and put forward recommendations on infectious bone defect from the aspects of precise diagnosis, preoperative evaluation, operation procedure, postoperative management and rehabilitation, so as to provide useful references for the treatment of infectious bone defect with induced membrane technique.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
Animals ; China ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides ; Spodoptera/genetics* ; Transcriptome

Background Long-term exposure to sodium arsenite leads to its accumulation in the liver and liver injury as a result. Previous studies showed that mesenchymal cells play an important role in hepatic fibrosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is considered to be a main source of mesenchymal cells. Objective To investigate the effects of sodium arsenite at different doses on liver fibrosis and EMT-related protein expressions in SD rats. Methods Twenty-four healthy weaned SD rats, half male and half female, were randomly divided into four groups according to body weight, with 6 rats in each group. The four groups were control group (gavage with 10.0 mL·kg⁻¹ physiological saline), 2.5 mg·kg⁻¹ sodium arsenite group, 5.0 mg·kg⁻¹ sodium arsenite group, and 10.0 mg·kg⁻¹ sodium arsenite group. All rats were gavaged 6 d per week for 36 weeks and weighed once a week, the serum and liver tissues of rats were collected and weighed, then the organ coefficient was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining were used to determine the pathological changes of hepatic fibrosis in rats. The serum secretion levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), procollagen Ⅲ N-terminal propeptide (PⅢNP), and collagen Ⅳ (COL-Ⅳ) in rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expressions of HSCs activation-related proteins, such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), as well as EMT-related markers, such as E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail, were detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, the 10.0 mg·kg⁻¹ sodium arsenite group showed decreased body weight (P<0.05) and increased liver coefficient (P<0.05) of female and male rats. The pathological staining showed that, compared with the control group, a large number of inflammatory cells were observed in liver tissue of rats exposed to sodium arsenite, liver parenchymal cells were also liquefied, necrotic, and denatured, and the collagen positive staining area of liver tissue showed an upward trend along with the increase of arsenic exposure dose (P<0.05). The results of ELISA and Western blotting showed that the serum secretion levels of HA, LN, PⅢNP, and COL-Ⅳ in the 5.0 and 10.0 mg·kg⁻¹ sodium arsenite groups were higher than those in the control group and the 2.5 mg·kg⁻¹ sodium arsenite group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expressions of α-SMA and TGF-β1 proteins in liver tissue were increased in each sodium arsenite exposure group (P<0.05), the expression levels of E-cadherin protein were decreased (P<0.05), and the expression levels of N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail were increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Sodium arsenite exposure can induce HSCs activation and liver fibrosis injury in SD rats, resulting in increased extracellular matrix secretion levels, accompanied by EMT in liver tissue, suggesting that EMT is closely related to the process of liver fibrosis caused by arsenic.

Background Arsenic is a well-known environmental toxicant. Hepatic fibrosis could occur dueto excessive or long-term exposure to arsenic, while associated molecular mechanisms remain undefined. Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig-6) exhibits a protective effect on numerous diseases or cancers. However, the specific role of Mig-6 in the mechanisms of arsenite-induced hepatic fibrosis remains indistinct. Objective To investigate the specific role of Mig-6 in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) induced by sodium arsenite (NaAsO₂). Methods Human hepatic stellate cells (Lx-2) were treated with 0, 1.875, 3.75, 7.5, and 15 μmol·L⁻¹ of NaAsO₂ for 24 h, or with 7.5 μmol·L⁻¹ NaAsO₂ for 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Additionally, Lx-2 cells were transfected by pcDNA3.1(+)/Mig-6, then treated with 7.5 μmol·L⁻¹ NaAsO₂ for 24 h; a blank control group, a pcDNA3.1(+)-control group, a pcDNA3.1(+)/Mig-6 group, and an arsenic (7.5 μmol·L⁻¹ NaAsO₂) group were also set up. After transfection, the cells and culture supernatants were collected, and the protein levels of Mig-6, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in Lx-2 cells were identified by Western blotting analysis; moreover, the secretion levels of main ECM components in supernatants such as hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), collagens IV (COL-IV), and procollagen-III (PIIINP) were tested by ELISA. Results The Mig-6 expression decreased in the 3.75, 7.5, and 15 μmol·L⁻¹ NaAsO₂ groups (0.561±0.095, 0.695±0.048, and 0.401±0.030) compared to the control group (1.000±0.000) in Lx-2 cells (P<0.05). After administration with 7.5 μmol·L⁻¹ of NaAsO₂ for 24, 48, and 72 h, the Mig-6 expression (0.856±0.036, 0.515±0.077, 0.491±0.060) decreased compared with the 0 h group (1.000±0.000) (P<0.05). After over-expression of Mig-6, the results of Lx-2 activation related protein levels showed that compared to the control group, the α-SMA and TGF-β1 expression were up-regulated in the arsenic group (P<0.05); meanwhile, the α-SMA and TGF-β1 in the Mig-6 over-expression combined arsenic exposure group reduced compared to the arsenic (7.5 μmol·L⁻¹) group (P<0.05). The results of ELISA showed that compared with the control group, the HA, LN, PIIINP, COL-IV in the arsenic group were up-regulated (P<0.05); while compared to the arsenic group, the HA, LN, PIIINP, and COL-IV in the Mig-6 over-expression combined with arsenic exposure group were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Arsenic down-regulates Mig-6 expression in HSC, and over-expression of Mig-6 can reverse the activation of HSC and ECM deposition induced by arsenic exposure. It suggests that Mig-6 plays a protective role in arsenic-induced HSC activation and ECM deposition.

Objective:To explore the effect of postoperative stent placement time on flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy (FURL) in the treatment of kidney calculi.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 126 patients with kidney calculi admitted to Guangyuan Central Hospital from April 2017 to November 2018. All patients were treated with FURL. The patients were divided into two groups according to the time of stent placement after FURL: conventional tube placement group ( n=91) and short-term tube placement group ( n=35). The postoperative stent placement time of patients in the conventional tube placement group was 4 weeks, and the postoperative stent placement time of patients in the short-term tube placement group was 2 weeks. The postoperative outcome indicators (hospitalization time and stone-free rate), postoperative complication indicators (postoperative hematuria, renal hematoma, urinary tract infection and fever) and postoperative pain were compared between the two groups. The measurement data was expressed as mean±standard deviation ( Mean± SD), and the Student′s t test was used for comparison between groups; the Chi-square test was used for comparison between counting data. Results:There were not significant differences in hospitalization time [(7.22±1.02) d vs (7.26±1.22) d], stone-free rate 1 month after surgery (84.6% vs 82.8%), stone-free rate 2 month after surgery (93.4% vs 88.5%), postoperative hematuria (10.9% vs 11.4%), renal hematoma (3.3% vs 0) and fever (2.2% vs 0) between the conventional tube placement group and short-term tube placement group ( P>0.05). Compared with the conventional tube placement group, the short-term tube group had lower urinary tract infection rates (17.6% vs 2.9%), the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was not significant difference in the average use rate of opioids [(1.05±0.45) vs (1.00±0.50), P>0.05], acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [(1.52±0.55) vs (1.45±0.45), P>0.05] between the two groups during hospitalization. There was not statistically significant difference in the incidence of abdominal pain after discharge from the hospital [(1.25±0.55) vs (1.15±0.45)]. The number of applications of acetaminophen and NSAIDs in the conventional tube placement group was greater than that in the short-term tube placement group [(1.45±0.46) vs (1.25±0.30)] after one month, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Short-term tube placement after renal FURL surgery is as effective as traditional long-term stenting, achieving the same stone-free effect and reducing early postoperative complications. For the reduction of postoperative infection and postoperative pain, short-term stenting has certain advantages.

Objective:To investigate the imaging and pathology features of rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT).Methods:From January 2010 to September 2019, 7 patients with pathologically conformed RGNT in our hospital were chosen, the imaging findings were analyzed retrospectively and compared with corresponding pathological features.Results:Six patients showed single lesion: 4 located in the vermis and its surrounding areas, in which 2 involved the pineal region and the tectum; the other 2 lesions located in the fourth ventricle. One patient had multiple lesions, which located in the third ventricle and the lateral ventricle respectively. Cystic-solid masses mainly with cystic changes were noted in these 7 patients, lesions in the vermis of cerebellum and its surrounding areas were polycystic while lesions in the ventricles were single cystic. The cystic areas of masses showed low density on plain CT scan and slightly long T 1 and long T 2 signal on MR imaging. The imaging findings were compared with the pathological findings: the density/signal changes were corresponded to the cystoid changes, hemorrhage and calcification, as seen in the postoperative specimens; the signal changes of the cystic areas were corresponded to the mucus matrix components and old hemorrhage; the characteristics of tumor enhancement were closely related to the distribution of solid components and degrees of blood supply. Conclusion:The imaging features of RGNT may partly reflect its pathological manifestations; combined with the specific location, imaging examinations may help make a correct preoperative diagnosis.