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Objectives:To observe the clinical characteristics of familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) in Chinese population and explore the suitable diagnostic criteria of FCS in China.Methods:We screened 6856 patients with triglyceride ≥10 mmol/L from 9 hospitals in China between January 2010 and December 2023.The overall clinical information was collected and FCS-related gene testing was performed in 102 patients with high suspicion of FCS.Demographic characteristics were analyzed and FCS diagnosis was drafted.The FDA FCS diagnostic criteria was used to verify the FCS patients diagnosed in this study.At the same time,the prevalence of FCS patients with fasting triglyceride ≥10 mmol/L was explored in some of the above hospitals.Results:In this study,the diagnostic criteria for FCS in Chinese population were drafted based on European and American diagnostic criteria and Chinese clinical practice:(1) Fasting triglyceride ≥ 10 mmol/L after standard lipid-lowering treatment;(2) With one of the below-listed conditions:positive detection of FCS related genes;family history of hypertriglyceridemia pancreatitis (HTGP);history of pancreatitis in adolescence or adult HTGP;history of repeated hospitalization with unexplained abdominal pain.According to this criteria,60 were preliminarily diagnosed with FCS from the 102 patients enrolled.Their average age was (43.0±8.6) years old,male accounted for 70％,average triglyceride was (20.0±15.0) mmol/L.FCS related gene mutations were detected in 6 patients,all were lipoprotein lipase gene mutations.According to the American FCS diagnostic criteria,among the 60 FCS patients diagnosed in this study,the proportion of patients with "possible FCS" was 98.3％ (59/60),and the proportion of patients with "confirmed FCS" was 70.0％ (42/60).According to the diagnostic criteria of FCS patients in this study,the prevalence of FCS patients with TG ≥10 mmol/L is about 0.5％ (33/6722).Conclusions:The clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients with FCS are consistent with those of European and American patients.The diagnostic criteria for FCS drafted in this study can be further verified and promoted in Chinese population.

Objectives:To observe the clinical characteristics of familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) in Chinese population and explore the suitable diagnostic criteria of FCS in China.Methods:We screened 6856 patients with triglyceride ≥10 mmol/L from 9 hospitals in China between January 2010 and December 2023.The overall clinical information was collected and FCS-related gene testing was performed in 102 patients with high suspicion of FCS.Demographic characteristics were analyzed and FCS diagnosis was drafted.The FDA FCS diagnostic criteria was used to verify the FCS patients diagnosed in this study.At the same time,the prevalence of FCS patients with fasting triglyceride ≥10 mmol/L was explored in some of the above hospitals.Results:In this study,the diagnostic criteria for FCS in Chinese population were drafted based on European and American diagnostic criteria and Chinese clinical practice:(1) Fasting triglyceride ≥ 10 mmol/L after standard lipid-lowering treatment;(2) With one of the below-listed conditions:positive detection of FCS related genes;family history of hypertriglyceridemia pancreatitis (HTGP);history of pancreatitis in adolescence or adult HTGP;history of repeated hospitalization with unexplained abdominal pain.According to this criteria,60 were preliminarily diagnosed with FCS from the 102 patients enrolled.Their average age was (43.0±8.6) years old,male accounted for 70％,average triglyceride was (20.0±15.0) mmol/L.FCS related gene mutations were detected in 6 patients,all were lipoprotein lipase gene mutations.According to the American FCS diagnostic criteria,among the 60 FCS patients diagnosed in this study,the proportion of patients with "possible FCS" was 98.3％ (59/60),and the proportion of patients with "confirmed FCS" was 70.0％ (42/60).According to the diagnostic criteria of FCS patients in this study,the prevalence of FCS patients with TG ≥10 mmol/L is about 0.5％ (33/6722).Conclusions:The clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients with FCS are consistent with those of European and American patients.The diagnostic criteria for FCS drafted in this study can be further verified and promoted in Chinese population.

Objective:To explore the postprandial plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) changes by various detection methods.Methods:A total of 85 subjects admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from November 2017 to May 2019 were included. Serum samples were collected from fasting and the 2 nd hour and the 4 th hour after breakfast. Serum lipid levels were measured with enzymatic assays and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS), and proprotein invertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The differences of blood lipid components at different time points were compared by Friedman two-way rank analysis of variance and Wilcoxon signed rank test, and the correlation between PCSK9 level and lipoprotein particles was analyzed by Spearman correlation. Results:Measured by enzymatic assays, compared with the fasting state, LDL-C decreased at the 2 nd hour and the 4 th hour after the meal (2.58[2.09, 3.12], 2.47[1.92, 3.02], 2.37[1.82, 2.80] mmol/L, P<0.001). Measured by NMRS, the concentration of LDL particles (1 086[830, 1 239], 1 083[848, 1 213], 1 061[814, 1 213] nmol/L, P=0.417) did not change significantly, and cholesterol in LDL particles were 2.13 (1.56, 2.54), 2.16 (1.68, 2.50), 2.06 (1.58, 2.50) mmol/L, respectively ( P=0.047)，and postprandial cholesterol in LDL particles in the 2 nd hour and in the 4 th hour did not change significantly compared with fasting ( P>0.05). while the concentration of large LDL particles (185.2[150.6,221.6], 173.0[144.8,220.3], 178.1[144.0,233.6] nmol/L, P=0.001), and the cholesterol level in large LDL particles (0.49[0.39, 0.57], 0.47[0.38, 0.57], 0.46[0.37, 0.58]mmol/L, P<0.001) decreased after the meal. The PCSK9 level also decreased significantly after the meal (299[233, 397], 257[208, 342], 251[215, 340] ng/ml, P<0.001). There was an independent positive correlation between the decrease of PCSK9 levels and the increase of remnant cholesterol detected by MNRS after the meal ( r=0.232, P=0.035). Conclusions:The postprandial LDL-C level measured by NMRS and enzymatic assays is not consistent. The decrease of LDL-C measured by enzymatic assays is not caused by the clearance of LDL particles, but by the redistribution of cholesterol in each LDL subfraction.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of aqueous extract of Zheng Chaihu Yin(ZCH)on paracetamol(acetaminophen,APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS Male ICR mice were divided into three scenarios randomly:the single treatment dose of ZCH,multiple treatment or pretreatment dose of ZCH. Each scenario had a up control group and an APAP model group,while single treatment dose of ZCH group had a ZCH group at the same time. The dose of APAP and ZCH was 500 mg·kg-1 and 36 g · kg- 1,respectively. 24 h after the last administration,plasma and liver samples were prepared. Ultra- performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole- time- of- flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)based metabolomics profiling was used to examine changes in plasma after expo?sure to ZCH,APAP or co-exposure to ZCH and APAP. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminas (GOT) values were determined by a biochemical auto analyzer in plasma. Histopathologic changes in the liver were observed and the area was calculated after HE staining. The data were analyzed with SPSS16.0 statistical software and the results were compared with the test between the two groups to find biomarkers. Also,SIMCA software was used for partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) pattern recognition. RESULTS Compared to control group, APAP dosing alone caused an increase in plasma transaminases and alterations in multiple metabolic pathways. Compared to APAP group,decrease in plasma transaminases was noted when ZCH was administered after or prior to APAP. Histopathologic results showed that in the single treatment group, multiple treatment group and pretreatment group,ZCH could alleviate the liver damage induced by APAP from (32.3 ± 12.0)% to (14.2 ± 9.9)%,(8.6 ± 7.9)% to (5.2 ± 1.7)% and (32.5 ± 10.0)% to (5.2 ± 6.4)%(P<0.05). Similarly,the PLS-DA of the LC-MS data showed that the groups dosed with APAP alone were the most distinct from controls,while animals dosed with ZCH prior to or after APAP treatment were located near control group. Metabolic spectrum results showed that ZCH could restore the changes in endogenous substances including lipid metabolism,amino acid metabolism,sugar metabolism and energy metabolism induced by APAP to normal. CONCLUSION ZCH water-extraction plays major roles in the regulation of metabolism on APAP-induced liver injury. These studies demonstrate that UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based metabolomic analysis can be sensitively and accurately predict the initiation and progres?sion of liver injury and greatly contribute to a better understanding of the hepatoprotective effects of ZCH in a clinical environment.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of metoclopramide (MCP) and its related substances in MCP nasal spray .Methods Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent TC-C18 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm) using acetonitrile and phosphate buffer solution (0.05 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, added with 5 ml of triethylamine and adjusted to pH 4.0 with phosphoric acid)(19∶81) as the mobile phase at 1.0 ml/min.The detection wavelength was 275 nm and the column temperature was set at 30℃.Results and Conclusion Related substances were completely separated from MCP .For MCP,the linearity of determination was over the range of 10-200 μg/ml and the recovery of the method ranged from 100.3%to 101.6%.The relative standard deviation was 0.68%(n=9).The method is accurate, reliable, repeatable, and could be readily utilized as a quality control method for MSP nasal spray .

A quality control (QC) strategy for quantitative and qualitative analysis of “common peaks” in chemical fingerprint was proposed to analyze Yuanhu Zhitong tablet (YZT), using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS). The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse plus C18 column with a gradient elution using a mixture of 0.4‰ ammonium acetate aqueous (pH 6.0 adjusted with glacial acetic acid) and acetonitrile. In chemical fingerprint, 40 peaks were assigned as the “common peaks”. For quantification of “common peaks”, the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm and 345 nm, respectively. The method was validated and good results were obtained to simultaneously determine 10 analytes (protopine, jatrorrhizine, coptisine, palmatine, berberine, xanthotoxin, bergapten, tetrahydropalmatine, imperatorin and isoimperatorin). For qualification of “common peaks”, 33 compounds including 10 quantitative analytes were identified or tentatively characterized using LC-MS/MS. These results demonstrated that the present approach may be a powerful and useful tool to tackle the complex quality issue of YZT.

Aim To study the anticonvulsive and antiepileptic mechanism of ?-asarone.Methods ?-asarone was intraperitoneally injected (ip) in mice and acute epileptic mouse models were made after 30 min.Change of ATPase,index of antioxidation,and variation of amino acid (AA) contents in brain of epileptic mice were used to investigate ?-asarone′s anticonvulsive and antiepileptic mechanism.Results For ?-asarone treated epileptic mice,when compared with model group,glutamate/gamma-aminobutyric acid (Glu/GABA) was greatly decreased (P

Objective: To study optimum inclusion process conditions for volatile oil from Fructus Amomi Rotunds. Methods: The study was carried out with orthogonal design. The process conditions were studied by determining the utilazision ratio of volatile oil from Fructus Amomi Rotundus. Results: The optimum preparation conditions for inclusion were established as: volatile oil:? CD was 1∶8, The inclusion temperature was at 50 ?C and inclusion time for 2h, The ultilizasion ratio of volatile oil was 79.7%. Conclusion: The method can be used for mass production.