Objective:To summarize evidence for physical activity management in cancer patients based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) approach for evidence synthesis in health care, providing a scientific basis for the clinical standardization of physical activity management in cancer patients.Methods:Literature was searched according to the "6S" pyramid model of evidence, using BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, JBI Evidence-Based Practice Database, Cochrane Library, global guideline websites, professional cancer association websites, and relevant Chinese and English databases for all evidence regarding physical activity in cancer patients. The search covered the period from February 13, 2018, to February 13, 2023. Guided by the JBI approach for evidence synthesis, two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the literature and extracted relevant evidence in accordance with clinical scenarios.Results:Thirty articles were included, comprising two guidelines, three expert consensuses, one evidence summary, 21 systematic reviews, and three randomized controlled trials. A total of 29 best evidence points were summarized in six aspects: benefits of physical activity, physically active people, pre-activity assessment, implementation of physical activity programs, safety monitoring of physical activity, and ongoing support strategies.Conclusions:This study supplements and updates 15 pieces of evidence based on existing evidence, ultimately forming a best evidence summary for the management of physical activity in cancer patients, providing evidence-based support for clinical management. Most evidence comes from international studies. It is recommended that Chinese researchers consider the activity ability and willingness of cancer patients when applying these findings in future research, and consider the specific clinical context, or conduct foundational research to further validate the evidence, to comprehensively improve the quality of life of cancer patients.

Objective:To systematically review the effect of fracture liaison service (FLS) in elderly patients with fragile hip fractures, so as to provide reference for clinical decision-making.Methods:By combining subject terms and free terms, electronic searches were conducted on China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The included references were manually retrieved using the snowball method. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to March 1, 2023. Two researchers screened articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of articles, using RevMan5.4 software for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 15 articles were included, totaling 4 333 patients with fragile hip fractures, with a follow-up time of ≥3 months. Meta-analysis showed that FLS could improve patient medication compliance [ RR=2.32, 95% CI (1.74, 3.11) , P<0.01] and hip function [ SMD=1.20, 95% CI (0.93, 1.47) , P<0.01] , reduce mortality [ RR=0.70, 95% CI (0.58, 0.84) , P<0.01] and the occurrence of refractures [ RR=0.44, 95% CI (0.32, 0.61) , P<0.01] , with statistical differences. Conclusions:Compared with routine nursing for fragile hip fractures, FLS can improve medication compliance and hip function, decrease mortality and the occurrence of refractures in patients with fragile hip fractures.

Bacillus spp. are probiotics and can secrete a variety of natural antimicrobiol active substances, of which lipopeptides are an important class. Up to now, about 90 lipopeptides have been identified, and most of them are cyclic lipopeptides. surfactin, iturin, fengycin, bacillomycin and polymyxins are widely studied, and the first three have huge potential for application due to their properties of surfactants and anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory functions. In this paper, the research progress in the structure, function, synthesis regulation, separation, purification and production of surfactin, iturin and fengycin was reviewed. Synthetic biology is a vital means to increase the yield of lipopeptides, and in the future, lipopeptides can be used in crop cultivation, animal farming, food, medicine and petroleum industries as well as environmental protection. Future research should be strengthened on the discovery of new lipopeptides, synthesis of high-activity lipopeptides, economical production of lipopeptides on a large scale and their safety evaluation.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology* ; Bacillus ; Bacillus subtilis ; Lipopeptides/pharmacology* ; Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology*

Objective To explore the microsurgery methods in patients with early intracranial aneurysm rupture. Methods Sixty-seven patients with early intracranial aneurysm rupture received the emergency microsurgery after releasing cerebrospinal fluid from improved Paine point via pterion craniotomy. Thirty-nine patients received surgery within 1 d after intracranial aneurysm rupture, and the other 28 patients were within 1-3 d. Results The therapeutic effect was evaluated by Glasgow outcome score (GOS) at discharge. Among the 45 patients with Hunt-Hess Ⅰ-Ⅲ grade, cure was in 41 cases, improved in 4 cases. Among the 22 patients with Hunt-HessⅣ-Ⅴgrade, cure was in 6 cases, improved in 6 cases, moderate disability in 4 cases, severe disability in 1 case, and death was in 5 cases. Conclusions The microsurgery of clipping aneurysm directly via pterion approach is still by far the most reliable treatment. And releasing cerebrospinal fluid from improved Paine points can effectively reduce the acute brain swelling of early operation, which will make it an effective adjuvant therapy to emergency microsurgery of clipping aneurysm.

Objective To investigate whether the presence of infection in a case series with coma would predict sepsis associated encephalopathy(SAE).Methods From Jan 2013 to Oct 2014,we used the criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)positive sepsis with encephalopathy and retrospective diagnosed a comatose case series with infection and from a tertiary teaching hospital intensive care unit (ICU).Results Among 6 comatose patients with evidence of infection,3 cases were secondary infection after hemorrhagic stroke,1 case was secondary infection after trauma,and the other 2 cases were primary infection.All patients met the diagnosis of SIRS -positive sepsis with encephalopathy.Among them,the presence of SIRS 3 criteria was in 2 cases,four criteria in 4 cases. All patients with severe brain failure (100%),in addition to 5 cases with acute respiratory failure caused by lung injury,one case with acute liver failure.Brain imaging confirmed that the delayed vasogenic edema was in two cases (33.3%),the cerebral ischemic lesions in four cases(66.7%).The ischemic lesion included 1 patient with minor infarcts and 1 case with mild white matter lesions,and with a good prognosis.The other two ischemic cases included multifocal leukoencephalopathy with central pontine myelinolysis in 1 case and extensive white matter lesions in 1 case,eventually with a poor prognosis.Conclusion SAE is a common critically illness,the use of the new classifi-cation criteria of sepsis is helpful in the diagnosis of sepsis associated encephalopathy.

Objective To investigate whether the presence of sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) would predict nosocomial coma (NC) and poor outcome in patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH). Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The adult acute SICH patients with or without coma admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Shuyang People' Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University from December 2012 to December 2015 were enrolled. Brain computed tomography (CT) scans were analyzed and the patients were divided into pre-hospital coma (PC) and NC groups. The clinical data and the incidence of SAE of patients in two groups were compared, and the 30-day prognosis was followed up. Univariate and Cox regression analyses were performed to analyze whether SAE would predict NC and poor outcome in patients with SICH. Results A total of 330 patients with acute SICH and coma were enrolled, excluding 60 cases of infratentorial cerebral hemorrhage, 3 cases of primary intraventricular hemorrhage, and 6 cases of unknown volume hematoma. Finally, 261 patients were included, with 111 patients of NC events, and 150 patients of PC events. 69 (62.2%) SAE in SICH with NC and 33 (22.2%) SAE in SICH with PC was diagnosed, and the incidence of SAE between two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Compared with PC group, SICH patients in the NC group had lower incidence of hypertension (81.1% vs. 96.0%), longer time from onset to NC [days: 2.3 (23.9) vs. 0 (0.5)] and length of ICU stay [days: 5.0 (34.0) vs. 3.0 (12.0)], higher initial Glasgow coma score (GCS, 10.2±1.5 vs. 6.6±1.6) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score [4.0 (6.0) vs. 3.0 (3.0)], lower initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (19.4±6.6 vs. 30.2±6.8), as well as more frequent sepsis (78.4% vs. 38.0%), vegetative state (24.3% vs. 14.0%), acute respiratory failure (24.3% vs. 10.0%), pneumonia (37.8% vs. 24.0%), septic shock (8.1% vs. 0), acute liver failure (5.4% vs. 0), hypernatremia (8.1% vs. 0), CT indicating that more frequent vasogenic edema (64.9% vs. 16.0%) and white matter lesion (13.5% vs. 2.0%), and less mannitol usage (94.6% vs. 100.0%), and less brain midline shift (32.4% vs. 68.0%) and hematoma enlargement (8.1% vs. 30.0%), less hematoma volume (mL: 28.0±18.8 vs. 38.3±24.4) in CT, and higher 30-day mortality (54.1% vs. 26.0%) with statistical differences (all P < 0.05). It was shown by Cox regression analyses that SAE [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.5, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.346-6.765, P = 0.000] and SOFA score (HR = 1.8, 95%CI = 1.073-1.756, P = 0.008) were independent risk factors of death of SICH patients with NC, and hematoma enlargement was independent risk factor of death of SICH patients with PC (HR = 3.0, 95%CI = 1.313-5.814, P = 0.000). Conclusion SAE is the independent factor of inducing NC event and poor prognosis in SICH patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of transumbilical endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy on women patients with palmar hyperhidrosis.Methods A total of 25 consecutive women patients with palmar hyperhidrosis underwent transumblical thoracic sympathectomy with ultra-thin endoscope.The operative data,including duration of operation,intra-operative and postoperative complications were recorded.Results The procedure was performed successfully in all 25 patients with a mean operative time of 64 min(58-113 min).No umbilical hernia,diaphragmatic hernia,Horner's syndrome or hemothorax were observed.Minor pneumothorax was found in postoperative chest X-ray in 3 patients,all of which were completely resolved with conservative treatment.All patients recovered to their normal life at 1 week after discharge.The scar was small and hidden in umbilical with no visible incisions.After a follow-up of 4 to 12 months,all patients' hands sweating symptoms completely disappeared,axillary sweat symptoms completely resolved in 6 patients,significantly improved in 4 and mildly improved in 1.Conclusion Transumbilical thoracic sympathectomy with ultrathin flexible endoscope is a safe and effective option for women patients with severe palmar hyperhidrosis,which provides excellent cosmetic outcomes.

Objective To establish a simple ,stable acute liver injury model induced by CCl4 to observe effects of hepatocyte transplantation .Methods CCl4 plant oil with different concentration of 20% and 50% was used in mice by intraperitoneal injection , of which the dose was 2 mL/kg ,and then materials were taken at different time points respectively .Mice survival rate ,alanine amin-otransferase (ALT) ,aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the pathological changes of the liver were detected .Results Mice sur-vival rate in 20% CCl4 intraperitoneal injection was significantly higher than that of 50% .ALT and AST in experiment group were significantly higher than that of control group ,but there was no significant difference between two experimental groups .Pathologi-cal examination showed that mice liver cells showed typical cytoplasmic ,ballooning ,scattered punctate ,piecemeal necrosis and in-flammatory cell infiltration in 20% CCl4 intraperitoneal injection ;while in 50% CCl4 ,there was obvious fibrosis ,in addition to the mentioned heavier lesions .Conclusion 20% -50% CCl4 intraperitoneal injection in 2 mL/kg dose can induce different degrees of relatively stable liver injury ,and its concentration determines the degree of liver injury .Acute liver injury induced by 20% -50%CCl4 was an ideal model for hepatocyte transplantation experiment .

Objective To discuss the relationship between echogenicity and fat content in renal tumor.Methods 52 renal tumors were examined with preoperative ultrasonography,all tumors were 3 cm in diameter or less.The tumor echogenicity was classified as echogenicity increasement type (including hyperechoic and slightly hyperechoic) and echogenicity decreasement type (hypoechoic).The relationship between echogenicity and adipose staining in tumor were analyzed.Results In 18 cases pathologically proved benign renal tumor,14(77.8 ％) of the tumors were hyperechoic and were angiomyolipoma(AMLs),4(22.2％) of the tumors were hypoechoic including 2 poor fat AMLs and 2 rare benign tumors,slightly hyperechoic case was not detected.In 34 cases malignant renal tumors,27(79.4％) of the tumors were slightly hyperechoic including 22 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCAs) and 5 papillary RCCAs,7 (20.6％) of the tumors were hypoechoic including 2 clear cell RCCAs,3 papillary RCCAs and 2 chromophobe RCCAs.Hyperechoic case was not detected.The adipose staining of 41 cases of echogenicity increasement type was all positive,in the 11 cases of echogenicity decreasement type,9 tumors were adipose staining negative,while the other 2 tumors were positive,and there were statistically significant between two groups (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Echogenicity was obviously correlate with fat content in renal tumor.Tumors containing rich fat appear to be increased in echogenicity,tumors without fat content appear to be decreased in echogenicity.

Objective To investigate the effects of AFP enhancer/pgk promoter driven expression of the dominant negative form of the PP2A catalytic subunit α (DN-PP2Acα) in vivo.Methods The previously constructed AFpg promoter-driven DN-PP2Acα was recombined into an adenovirus,and the expression of PP2Ac was tested using Western blot.Cell growth was tested using the MTT and flat plate clone formation assays.In vivo studies were performed in tumor xenograft models.Results AFpg promoter-driven expression of DN-PP2Acα exerted cytotoxic effects against the AFP-positive human hepatoma cell line HepG2,but did not affect AFP-negative human hepatoma cells (SKHEP-1) or normal human liver cells (L-02).Moreover,AFP enhancer/pgk promoter driven expression of DN-PP2Acα inhibited the growth of AFP-positive HepG2 tumors in nude mice bearing solid tumor xenografts,but did not affect AFP-negative SK-HEP-1 tumors.Conclusion The recombinant AFP enhancer/pgk promoter-driven DN-PP2Acα expression adenovirus presented selective cytotoxicity against AFP-positive hepatoma cells and provides a useful gene therapy strategy to selectively target hepatocellular carcinoma.