Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect and cost of spraying molluscicides with drones against Oncomelania hupensis snails in marshland and lake areas, so as to provide new insights into field snail control in China. Methods A marshland and lake setting measuring approximately 12 000 m² was selected in Wanzhi District, Wuhu City on June 2023 as the test field, and assigned to four groups, of 3 000 m² in each group. Environmental cleaning was not conducted in groups A or B, which were given 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with knapsack-type sprayers and drones at a dose of 40 g/m², and environmental cleaning was conducted in groups C and D, which were given 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with drones and knapsack-type sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m², respectively. O. hupensis snails were surveyed before chemical treatment and 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days post-treatment. The uniformity of chemicals was determined on the day of treatment, and the snail mortality, corrected snail mortality and density of living snails were calculated and compared among groups. The cost of molluscicides, labor fees of environmental cleaning and chemical treatment and cost of equipment were calculated, and the cost for a 1% reduction in the mean density of living snails was calculated 14 days post-treatment. Results The mean densities of living snails and mortality rates of snails were 1.82 to 2.85 snails/0.1 m² and 1.41% to 2.94% in groups A, B, C and D before chemical treatment, and the mortality and corrected mortality of snails were 55.75%, 49.32%, 85.94% and 87.50%, and 55.00%, 48.47%, 85.70% and 87.29% in groups A, B, C and D 14 days post-treatment. There was a significant difference in the mortality of snails among the four groups 14 days post-treatment (χ² = 38.735, P < 0.005), and there was a higher snail mortality in Group D than in Group A (χ² = 16.876, P < 0.005), and higher in Group C than in Group B (χ² = 20.508, P < 0.005). The density of living snails reduced by 55.00%, 43.94%, 90.43% and 87.14% 14 days post-treatment relative to pre-treatment in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. The test for uniformity of chemicals showed that the mean dose of molluscicides were 57.34, 55.21, 40.19 g/m² and 32.37 g/m² in groups A, B, C and D, respectively, and the minimal standard deviation (7.07) and coefficient of variation (0.18) of mean doses were seen in Group C. The costs for chemical treatment were 0.33 Yuan in groups A and B and 1.53 Yuan in groups C and D, respectively. The costs for a 1% reduction in the mean density of living snails were 17.82, 22.47, 50.73 Yuan and 52.56 Yuan in groups A, B, C, and D 14 days post-treatment, respectively. Conclusions The molluscicidal effect and cost of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones are comparable to manual spraying, and chemical treatment with drones are high in uniformity of molluscicides, time- and labor-saving, and feasible for applications in complex environments, which deserves widespread applications in the field of snail control.

This paper interviewed a case of patient with gender dysphoria via a bio-psycho-social approach. The client， a 21-year-old college student of male sex， had been into female dressing since the age of ten. As an adult， he became increasingly convinced that he should become a woman and began taking hormone therapy in secret and on an irregular basis. He felt himself trapped in a cycle of anxiety and distress， due to the concerns about the side effects of hormone therapy， and the practical problems regarding the impact on his academic and career arrangements， as well as the ways to explain himself to his parents. Through a remote psychiatric consultation， therapists provided targeted interventions based on the bio-psycho-social model.

The purpose of this paper is to compare the similarities and differences between the diagnostic criteria of sexual dysfunction in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） and the International Classification of Diseases， eleventh edition （ICD-11）. Sexual dysfunction is the inability of adults to experience various forms of satisfactory sexual performance. In this paper， the main diagnostic points of sexual dysfunction in both manuals are summarized and compared with a view to assisting psychiatric and psychological workers to acquire a better understanding of the corresponding sections.

Objective:To investigate the value of serum progranulin (PGRN)in the clinical diagnosis of adult sepsis patients.Methods:One hundred and eighty-seveninfection patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU) of Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicinewere divided into non-sepsis group(94 patients) and sepsis group (93 patients)according to the third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock. Patients in the sepsis group were divided into two subgroups according to the degrees of infection: septic shock group (46 patients) and non-septic shock group (47 patients). The levels of serum PGRN, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and lactic acid (Lac) were compared between the two groups and subgroups within 1 h into the ICU, as well as the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores within 24 h into the ICU. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between PGRN and sepsis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the subject was drawn. The diagnostic value of PGRN in sepsis was evaluated and compared with PCT, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and Lac.Results:The levels of PGRN, PCT, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, Lac and APACHEⅡ, SOFA scores in the sepsis group were higher than those in the non-sepsis group: (129.25 ± 17.81) μg/L vs. (43.17 ± 7.68) μg/L, (5.92 ± 0.82) μg/L vs. (1.34 ± 0.17) μg/L, (64.07 ± 10.51) mg/L vs. (37.18 ± 5.44) mg/L, (111.68 ± 13.17) ng/L vs. (32.41 ± 5.61) ng/L, (86.06 ± 12.19) ng/L vs. (46.44 ± 7.63) ng/L, (2.96 ± 0.45) mmol/L vs. (1.47 ± 0.22) mmol/L, (23.62 ± 4.24) scores vs. (11.74 ± 2.07) scores, (14.84 ± 2.42) scores vs. (1.36 ± 0.23) scores, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of PGRN, PCT, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, Lac in the septic shock group were higher than those in non-septic shock group:(143.29 ± 13.54) μg/L vs. (116.59 ± 10.73) μg/L, (7.64 ± 1.17) μg/L vs. (4.24 ± 0.59) μg/L, (74.49 ± 10.46) mg/L vs. (53.89 ± 8.41) mg/L, (124.48 ± 14.37) ng/L vs.(99.16 ± 13.61) ng/L, (95.91 ± 14.75) ng/L vs. (76.42 ± 11.24) ng/L, (3.52 ± 0.46) mmol/L vs. (2.45 ± 0.39) mmol/L, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that SODA scores and serum PGRN, PCT, CRP, IL-6, Lac levels were independent risk factors for sepsis ( P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of PGRN was higher than that of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and Lac for predicting the occurrence of sepsis in infection patients ( P<0.05). The AUC of PGRN was higher than that of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and Lac for predicting the occurrence of septic shock in infection patients ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The levels of serum PGRN is a good biomarker for the diagnosis of sepsis and could reflect the severity. It has certain clinical value.

This paper aims to discuss the similarities and differences between the diagnostic criteria for sleep-wake disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） and International Classification of Diseases， eleventh edition （ICD-11）. Sleep-wake disorders are characterized by the unsatisfactory quality， quantity and circadian rhythm of sleep， leading to daytime distress and impaired social functioning. Therefore， the main diagnostic points of sleep-wake disorders in both manuals are summarized and compared in this study， in order to assist psychiatric and psychological workers to acquire a better understanding of the corresponding sections.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the similarities and differences between the diagnostic criteria of elimination disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） and International Classification of Diseases， eleventh edition （ICD-11）. Elimination disorders are clinically characterized by inappropriate urination or defecation， resulting in pain or functional impairment. This paper discussed the main points of elimination disorders in the two diagnostic manuals， in order to improve psychiatric and psychological workers’ understanding of the corresponding sections.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the similarities and differences between the diagnostic criteria of feeding and eating disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） and International Classification of Diseases， eleventh edition （ICD-11）. Feeding and eating disorders are clinically characterized by persistent disturbances in feeding or food-related behaviors that result in altered food consumption or absorption and significant impairment in physical health or social function. This paper discusses the similarities and differences of feeding and eating disorders in the two diagnostic manuals， in order to improve psychiatric and psychological workers’ understanding of the corresponding sections.

This paper reported a case of patient with body dysmorphic disorder in order to improve the clinical interview skills， diagnosis and treatment of clinicians in psychiatric department. The client was a 17-year-old unmarried male， came for psychological consultation because he was not satisfied with his appearance and had low self-esteem. After the changing of learning environment， the client showed excessive attention to his appearance along with low mood. The client was diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder， and a biological-psychosocial comprehensive intervention was recommended. Sertraline combined with quetiapine was given as biotherapy to improve his mood and cognition. The psychotherapy included mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavioral therapy. These therapies helped the client learn to relax and correct cognitive biases. In terms of social resources， family members were encouraged to pay more attention to the client’s advantages， and schoolwork management on campus was strengthen. These methods promoted the development of client’s self-confidence.

The purpose of this paper is to present the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia comorbidity tics disorder. The client is 15 years old， female， a senior student， with frequent blinking and a crooked mouth since childhood， diagnosed with tics disorder. She previously had consistently good academic performance. Since the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020， the client has been sleeping more， averaging 12 hours per day， accompanied by increased daytime sleep with fatigue after waking up， and a significant decline in her studies. She was diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia comorbidity persistent （chronic） movement or tic disorder. It was suggested that she adopt a method of comprehensive biopsychosocial intervention. Biotherapy with methylphenidate can improve her arousal， enhance attention and improve drowsiness， meanwhile， changes to tic symptoms must be monitored. Cognitive behavioral therapy was used to help the client correct cognitive biases， reshape cognitive structure， and establish confidence in rehabilitation. Mindfulness therapy was adopted to help the client adjust her emotions. In terms of social resources， the client was encouraged to explore resources actively， seek social support， and build therapeutic alliances. Through coordinating multiple resources， the client reduced symptoms of sleepiness and enhanced her adaptability to continue with her studies.

The purpose of this paper is to compare the similarities and differences between the diagnostic criteria for somatic symptoms and related disorders in the International Classification of Diseases， eleventh edition （ICD-11） and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5）. The clinical features of somatic symptoms and related disorders are prominent somatic symptoms that cause significant functional impairment and suffering. This paper discusses the similarities and differences between the two diagnostic systems in order to facilitate mastery of the corresponding content.