Lower extremity varicose veins(LEVV)are a common vascular disorder.Emerging evidence suggests that ultrasound-guided microwave ablation(UGMA)is an effective treatment modality for this condition.This minimally invasive technique closes affected veins via leveraging the thermal effects generated from microwave energy.Multiple clinical researches have highlighted its high success rate,low complication rate,rapid postopera-tive recovery,and significant improvement in patient's quality of life,particularly among those with C2-C6 stage disease and larger great saphenous vein diameters.Compared with traditional open surgeries and other minimally invasive techniques,UGMA demonstrates superior therapeutic efficacy,safety,and patient satisfaction.This review elucidates the physical principles,operational essentials,and clinical progress of UGMA,exploring its strengths and challenges in LEVV management.Despite current hurdles like high equipment costs and strict operation standards,UGMA holds a promising future and may potentially offer safer and more effective treatment options for LEVV.

Lower extremity varicose veins(LEVV)are a common vascular disorder.Emerging evidence suggests that ultrasound-guided microwave ablation(UGMA)is an effective treatment modality for this condition.This minimally invasive technique closes affected veins via leveraging the thermal effects generated from microwave energy.Multiple clinical researches have highlighted its high success rate,low complication rate,rapid postopera-tive recovery,and significant improvement in patient's quality of life,particularly among those with C2-C6 stage disease and larger great saphenous vein diameters.Compared with traditional open surgeries and other minimally invasive techniques,UGMA demonstrates superior therapeutic efficacy,safety,and patient satisfaction.This review elucidates the physical principles,operational essentials,and clinical progress of UGMA,exploring its strengths and challenges in LEVV management.Despite current hurdles like high equipment costs and strict operation standards,UGMA holds a promising future and may potentially offer safer and more effective treatment options for LEVV.

Objective To explore the value of generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) optimization in radiotherapy for chest malignant tumors. Methods Sixty patients with chest malignant tumors who were treated in Center for Tumor Radiotherapy, Chizhou Municipal People’s Hospital, Anhui Province, China from October 2021 to June 2022 were enrolled; each patient underwent tumor localization with a conventional fixed computed tomography scan. The patients were divided into two groups using the same field direction and weight in the Varian Eclipse 15.6 planning system. The first group was planned using the conventional physical dose-volume objective function plus the Upper gEUD objective function, with organs at risks (OARs) optimized with the EUD values suggested by the Varian Eclipse 15.6 planning system. The second group only adopted the conventional physical dose-volume objective function for OARs optimization. The two groups were compared for the radiation doses delivered to the OARs. Results Compared with the conventional physical dose-volume objective function alone, the addition of Upper gEUD objective function resulted in no significant difference in lung V₅Gy, but resulted in significant reductions in V₂₀Gy and mean dose in the lungs; some reductions in V₃₀Gy, V₄₀Gy, and mean dose in the heart; and significant reductions in the maximum dose in the spinal cord. Conclusion The gEUD objective optimization can effectively protect the normal tissue in the radiotherapy for chest malignant tumors and thus is recommended in radiotherapy planning.