During coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the treatment of severe trauma has been impacted. The Consensus on emergency surgery and infection prevention and control for severe trauma patients with 2019 novel corona virus pneumonia was published online on February 12, 2020, providing a strong guidance for the emergency treatment of severe trauma and the self-protection of medical staffs in the early stage of the epidemic. With the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council renaming "novel coronavirus pneumonia" to "novel coronavirus infection" and the infection being managed with measures against class B infectious diseases since January 8, 2023, the consensus published in 2020 is no longer applicable to the emergency treatment of severe trauma in the new stage of epidemic prevention and control. In this context, led by the Chinese Traumatology Association, Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association, Trauma Medicine Branch of Chinese International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology, the Chinese expert consensus on emergency surgery for severe trauma and infection prevention during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic ( version 2023) is formulated to ensure the effectiveness and safety in the treatment of severe trauma in the new stage. Based on the policy of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council and by using evidence-based medical evidence as well as Delphi expert consultation and voting, 16 recommendations are put forward from the four aspects of the related definitions, infection prevention, preoperative assessment and preparation, emergency operation and postoperative management, hoping to provide a reference for severe trauma care in the new stage of the epidemic prevention and control.

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that seriously hinders socioeconomic developments and threatens public health security. To achieve the global elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2030, WHO released the guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis on February, 2022, with aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for schistosomiasis morbidity control, elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem, and ultimate interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in disease-endemic countries. Following concerted efforts for decades, great achievements have been obtained for schistosomiasis control in China where the disease was historically highly prevalent, and the country is moving towards schistosomiasis elimination. This article reviews the successful experiences from the national schistosmiasis control program in China, and summarizes their contributions to the formulation and implementation of the WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis. With the progress of the "Belt and Road" initiative, the world is looking forward to more China's solutions on schistosomiasis control.
China/epidemiology* ; Disease Eradication ; Humans ; Public Health ; Schistosomiasis/prevention & control* ; World Health Organization

Aim To identify differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in rat myocardial infarcted tissues and predict their interaction with IncRNAs and target genes, as well as to explore potential pathophysiology mechanisms in myocardial infarction. Methods A rat model of myocardial infarction was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Trizolwas used to extract total RNA from infarcted myocardial area for microarray detection. Bioinformatics methods were used to predict interaction IncRNAs, target genes, and functional enrichment of miRNAs thatwere significantly differently expressed. The possible IncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks were identified finally. Results The elevation of ST segment of ECG showed that the rat model of myocardial infarction was successfully prepared. Microarray results showed that there were 19 significantly differently expressed miRNAs. Eight of these miRNAs (miR-21, miR-132, miR-222, miR-223-3p, miR-146a/b, miR-181b, miR-449a-5p, miR-122) were proven to be myocardial infarction treatment candidates. Whether seven miR-NAs (miR-365-5p, miR490-5p, miR-6333, miR-30cl-3p, miR-3591, miR-3596c, miR-877) were related to myocardial infarction called for further confirmation. There might be several new IncRNA-miRNA-mRNA mechanisms in the development of myocardial infarction. ENSRNOT00000076620-miR-146b-5p-STAT3/Rnf7/Qrsll may be involved in the process of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial damage during myocardial infarction. ENSRNOT00000071991-miR-122-Deptor might inhibit the autophagy of cardiomyocytes and exacerbate myocardial infarction. Conclusions The ternary relationship of IncRNA-miRNA-mRNA obtained in this study may provide possible research directions and a certain theoretical basis for further exploration of the molecular level pathological mechanism of myocardial infarction, and new therapeutic targets for myocardial infarction as well.

Jasmonates, as a plant endogenous hormone, can induce the biosynthesis of terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids and other medicinal active ingredients, and play an important role in the plant secondary metabolic process. The tanscription factors can activate the expression of multiple genes in the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites by binding the cis-elements of the target genes. Then, it effectively activates or inhibits the activities of the enzymes on the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, further regulate specific biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites. Here, We review recent major progresses regarding the regulation of secondary metabolites by JAs-responsive transcription factors (TFs) (including AP2/ERFs, bHLH, MYB and WRKY). That provides suggestions for further analysis of jasmonic acid signaling pathway and regulation of secondary metabolism, and explores the potential value of transcription factor in improving the medicinal active ingredients.

This paper aimed to investigate the effects of Jinwu Jiangu recipe total extract on the IL-17/STAT3 signals in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts(RASF). The primary RASFs were cultured by tissue piece method ， and divided into blank control group， Jinwu Jiangu recipe low dose group， Jinwu Jiangu recipe middle dose group， Jinwu Jiangu recipe high dose group， and tripterygium glycosides control group. They were then treated with corresponding serum free medium， different doses of Jinwu Jiangu recipe total extract(0.06， 0.6， 6.0 g·L⁻¹)， and tripterygium glycosides(0.03 g·L⁻¹) respectively for 24 hours. The gene expression levels of RORα， RORγt， and STAT3 mRNA were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)， and the protein activity of IL-17R and pSTAT3 were measured by Western blot assay. The results showed that as compared with blank control group， the expression levels of RORα， RORγt， IL-17R and STAT3 mRNA in RASF were significantly declined(<0.01). As compared with tripterygium glycosides control group， Jinwu Jiangu recipe total extract middle dose group and high dose group can down-regulate the expression levels of RORα， RORγt， IL-17R and STAT3 mRNA(<0.05)， and the effect was more obvious in high dose group(<0.01). As compared with blank control group， the protein expression levels of IL-17R and pSTAT3 in each treatment group were obviously decreased(<0.01). As compared with tripterygium glycosides control group， Jinwu Jiangu recipe high dose group had more obvious effect in down-regulating the protein expression of pSTAT3(<0.01). Therefore， Miao medicine Jinwu Jiangu recipe total extract can down-regulate the expressions of RORα， RORγt， and STAT3 mRNA， and inhibit the protein activity of IL-17R and pSTAT3 in RASF.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fibroblasts ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-17 ; metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Synovial Membrane ; Synoviocytes ; drug effects

The purpose of this article is to identify Daphne genkwa and its adulterants, Wikstroemia chamaedaphne, according to the morphological and microstructure characteristics of their stem and foliage. The root of D.genkwa was studied simultaneously. The results indicated that the crude drug and processed pieces of Genkwa Ramulus were mainly composed of stems and branches where obvious opposite petiole scars and branch marks were able to be seen on their nodes. Otherwise, foliage or peduncles generally couldn't be found. Moreover, the fine silver flocculent fibers could be observed in the bark of fracture surface. The adulterants were the plant segments which were composed of stems, foliage and peduncles with spikelet-pedicel scars. There existed microstructures differences between Genkwa Ramulus and its adulterants. In the former, single thick lignified phloem fibers were interspersed in the stem phloem of the transverse section with very thick wall and unicellular non-glandular hairs could be observed on the lower epidermis of foliage. Nevertheless, in the latter, there was no thick lignified phloem fibers in cross section of stem phloem, the outer wall of epidermal cells of foliage hadthick cuticles and no non-glandular hairs in lower epidermis of foliage. The results can be used for the identification and the quality standard of the crude drug and processed pieces of D.genkwa.The characteristics of the microstructures and the transverse section can be used to identify the radix D.genkwa.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Jinwu Jiangu Recipe (JJR) on the expression of synovial cells' nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and serum interleukin 17 (IL-17) in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats.

METHODSTotally 60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, i.e., the blank control group, the model group, high, middle, and low dose JJR treatment groups, and the tripterygium control group, 10 in each group. Except rats in the blank control group, CIA model was established in rats of the rest 5 groups. Then they were treated from the 7th day of modeling. After 4 weeks of medication they were sacrificed, serum collected, and synovium of joints were isolated. The expression of serum IL-17 was detected in synovium of joints by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). And the expression of NF-kappaB/P65, Ikappabetaalpha and NF-KappaB/P50 were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, the serum IL-17 level increased in the model group (P <0. 01). Compared with the model group, the serum IL-17 level obviously decreased in high and middle dose JJR groups and the tripterygium control group (P < 0.01). Results of Western blot showed, when compared with the blank control group, protein activities of NF-kappaB/P65 and NF-kappaB/P50 were significantly enhanced in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, protein activities of NF-kappaB/P65 and NF-kappaB/P50 significantly decreased in high and middle dose JJR groups and the tripterygium control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). All indices mentioned above were higher in the low dose JJR group than in the tripterygium control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONJJR could lower the expression of serum IL-17 in CIA model rats, and inhibit protein activities of NF-kappaB/P65 and NF-kappaB/P50.

Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Interleukin-17 ; blood ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Synovial Membrane ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

Jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (JMT), a key enzyme for jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis, catalyzes the methylation of JA to form MeJA. To characterize the function of JMT, a plasmid pGEX-4T-SmJMT1 harboring JMT1 (SmJMT1) gene from Salvia miltiorrhiza was successfully transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) for protein expression. The recombination SmJMT1 was separated using SDS-PAGE and the size of expressed SmJMT1 protein was consistent with the prediction. The bacterial growth conditions were determined for optimal expression, which include growth temperature, incubation time, IPTG concentrations and culture density. The optimal growth conditions for SmJMT1 were that the bacterial cultures were grown to an A600 of 0.8, and induced with IPTG at a final concentration of 0.4 mmol·L^-1, and then incubated for 8 h at 20℃. The expression of SmJMT1 in E.coli was confirmed by Western blotting, and mass spectrometry analysis of methyltransferase family. The successful expression and purification of JMT in this study provide the basis for more study of JA biosynthetic pathway and JA-regulated secondary metabolism of medicinal plants.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy and related factors of pegylated-interferon alpha-2a (PEG-IFN-2a) treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who achieved partial viral response with nucleoside analogue (NA) therapy.

METHODSPatients with HBeAg-positive CHB and partial viral response to NA treatment were administered a PEG-IFN-2a therapy regimen of 180 g subcutaneous injection once weekly for a personlized duration of time. The existing NA therapy was continued in combination with the new PEG-IFN-2a treatment for 12 weeks. Measurements of serum HBV DNA load, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), HBeAg and hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe) were taken at baseline (prior to addition of the PEG-IFN-2a therapy) and every 3 months afterwards.For determining response to treatment, primary efficacy was defined as undetectable HBsAg and seroconversion, and secondary efficacy was defined as HBsAg less than 10 IU/mL and HBeAg seroconversion.Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS statistical software.

RESULTSA total of 81 consecutive patients with an average of 12.0 months (range: 6.0-24.0 months) of NA therapy were included in the study and received an average of 19.6 months (range: 15.5-33.3 months) of PEG-IFN-2a treatment. At the end of PEG-IFN-2a therapy, 7 (8.6%) of the patients achieved undetectable HBsAg and seroconversion, and 14 (17.3%) showed HBsAg less than 10IU/mL. In addition, 40.7% achieved undetectable HBeAg and seroconversion, a rate that was slightly higher than that (38.3%) seen in treatment-naive patients who received PEG-IFN-2a. Statistical analyses suggest that baseline level of HBsAg at less than 1500 IU/mL may predict end of PEG-IFN-2a treatment response for HBsAg less than 10 IU/mL, as evidenced by the area under the curve measure of 0.747, sensitivity measure of 87.3%, specificity measure of 33.3%, positive predictive value of 82.1% and negative predictive value of 42.8%.

CONCLUSIONPatients with HBeAg-positive CHB and partial viral response to NA therapy can achieve undetectable HBsAg and HBeAg seroconversion after switching to PEG-IFN-2a treatment. Baseline HBsAg level may be predictive of response to this therapeutic strategy.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Nucleosides ; therapeutic use ; Polyethylene Glycols ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load

Objective To explore the retreatment of CHC patients with initial treatment failure and how to achieve SVR.Methods 54 patients who had experienced treatment failure were enrolled and retreated with standard treatment of pegylated interferon and ribavirin or intensive treatment,respectively.Their SVR rates were statistically compared,to decide two therapies' application.Results 54 patients had been retreated,and total SVR rate was up to 75.92％,with 88.46％ in relapsed patients and 64.29％ in non-responders.After retreatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin,SVR rate was 95.45％ in patients with prior interferon monotherapy,and 64.71％ in patients with prior interferon and ribavirin,and 60％ in patients with prior pegylated interferonα-2a monotherapy.SVR rate of relapsed patients was significantly higher than that of non-responders.Conclusions In CHC patients with treatment failure,SVR rate of retreatment with standard treatment or intensive treatment still can be up to 60％-90％.Retreatment with standard therapy can be applied to patients who had received interferon monotherapy or interferon plus ribavirin.Three types of patients who need intensive retreatment were as following:patients nonresponsive to interferon plus ribavirin or pegylated interferon α-2a monotherapy,and patients with treatment failure who had received prior standard treatment.