OBJECTIVES: To analyze bone mass distribution and the factors affecting bone mass in a general Chinese Han cohort undergoing physical examinations at our center. METHODS: We retrospectively collected the data of bone mineral density (BMD) measurements from 30 599 healthy Han Chinese adults (age≥20 years) who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans at our hospital from July, 2013 to July, 2023. Basic parameters including height, body weight, and gender were recorded, and descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were performed using R software. RESULTS: In this cohort, the male individuals had a mean peak BMD of 1.00±0.12 g/cm² in the lumbar vertebrae, 0.94±0.14 g/cm² in the femoral neck, and 0.99±0.13 g/cm² in the total hip, significantly higher than the values in the female individuals [0.99±0.12 g/cm² in the lumbar vertebrae (P=0.022), 0.79±0.11 g/cm² in the femoral neck (P<0.001), and 0.88±0.11 g/cm² in the total hip (P<0.001)]. In the overall cohort, the BMD values of the lumbar spine and femur decreased with age after reaching their peak levels. There was a positive correlation between BMD value and body mass index (BMI) in both male and female individuals. The 2013-2014 period recorded the lowest BMD values in the lumbar, hip, and femoral neck, which tended to increase steadily in the following years (2015-2023). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the BMD values vary among different populations, and future multi-center studies using more accurate BMD detection technology are warranted to capture the variation patterns of BMD with demographic characteristics of specific populations.
Humans ; Bone Density ; Absorptiometry, Photon ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Osteoporosis/diagnostic imaging* ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging* ; China/epidemiology* ; Femur Neck/diagnostic imaging* ; Aged ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; Young Adult

Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) in patients with auditory neuropathy (AN). The factors affecting DPOAE elicitation rate of each frequency, elicitation rate of each ear and change rate of first and last diagnosis in the natural course were analyzed.Methods:The sample was obtained from the Multicenter Study on Clinical Diagnosis and Intervention of AN (registration number: ChiCTR2100050125), and the diagnostic criteria for AN were based on the Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines of Auditory Neuropathy (version 2022). Patients with bilateral AN who underwent 2 or more DPOAE tests were screened and divided into infant groups (≤3 years old) and non-infant groups (>3 years old) according to the age of detection, and the trend of DPOAE elicitation rate of each frequency, elicitation rate of each ear and change rate in the natural course of disease were analyzed, in order to explore the relevant influencing factors.Results:A total of 165 patients (330 ears) with AN were included in the study. The overall DPOAE elicitation rate per ear was 77.0%±29.4% at the initial diagnosis and 65.1%±35.2% at the final diagnosis, with a reduction observed in the elicitation rate of 171 ears (51.82%). In the infant group, there were 49 cases (98 ears), including 28 males and 21 females, whose found age ranged from 0 to 3 years old, with a median age of 0.7 years. DPOAE elicitation rate per ear was 57.9%±35.5% in the initial diagnosis, and 32.4%±32.1% in the final diagnosis, with a reduction observed in the elicitation rate of 69 ears (70.41%). In the non-infant group, there were 116 cases (232 ears), including 59 males and 57 females, ranging in found age from 3.9 to 40 years old, with a median age of 14 years old. DPOAE elicitation rate per ear was 84.6%±23.4% in the initial diagnosis, and 78.3%±27.1% in the final diagnosis, with a reduction observed in the elicitation rate of 102 ears (43.97%). Age was found to be correlated with DPOAE changes by multicategorical unordered logistic regression analysis ( B=-0.224, OR=0.799, P<0.001). Conclusions:The elicitation rate of DPOAE in AN patients decreases or even disappears with increasing disease duration; The rate of DPOAE extraction is found to be lower in infant patients with auditory neuropathy (AN) compared to non-infant AN patients. Additionally, it is observed that the decrease in DPOAE extraction rate is more pronounced in infant AN patients as the disease progressed, as compared to non-infant AN patients. DPOAE and cochlear microphonic potentials should be fully combined for accurate diagnosis, and regular follow-up should be conducted to understand the natural course of the disease and give personalized guidance and assistance.

Objective To develop a localized Salmonella serotyping method based on multiplex nanopore sequencing technology,and evaluate the impact of serotype quantity and sequencing time on the serotyping results,aiming to provide a method for simultaneous rapid serotyping of various Salmonella serotypes.Methods Initially,a multiplex sequencing method was established by using nanopore sequencing technology.Subsequently,a localized Salmonella serotyping workflow was developed based on the coregenome MLST database of Salmonella.Finally,the effects of serotype quantity and sequencing time on serotyping results were evaluated.Results The established method for serotyping various Salmonella serotypes achieved an accuracy and specificity of 100％,with the ability to accurately serotyping at least 6 Salmonella serotypes within 2 hours.Conclusion The multiplex nanopore sequencing method enables rapid serotyping of multiple Salmonella serotypes simultaneously,significantly improving the identification efficiency of Salmonella serotypes and providing robust support for the rapid serotyping of Salmonella serotypes in environmental water samples.

BACKGROUND:As a unique structure of the cervical spine,the occurrence,development and progression of the uncovertebral joint directly affect the stability and range of motion of the cervical spine,and are also closely related to the pathogenesis of cervical spondylosis.A thorough understanding of the developmental characteristics of the uncovertebral joint is of great significance for the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of cervical spondylosis. OBJECTIVE:By using imaging and three-dimensional reconstruction technology to measure and observe the cervical uncinate process-related angle in a large sample of different age groups,the aim is to reveal the characteristics of its changes with age and vertebral growth,as well as its relationship with cervical spine stability. METHODS:Using a retrospective research design,we collected 1 447 cases of raw CT imaging data that meet the study requirements for complete cervical spine segments.The raw data were imported into Mimics 21.0 software in DICOM format for post-processing and measurement of angle of uncinate process and sagittal angle of uncinate process.The data were grouped based on gender,age,and side. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)With the increase of vertebral sequence,the angle of uncinate process increased in a V-shaped shape,and the lowest peak was at C5.The overall population showed a sharp peak with the increase of age,and the peak value mostly occurred in the age range of 30-39 years.(2)The sagittal angle of the uncinate process increased like a fishhook with the increase of the vertebral sequence,and the overall angle of the uncinate process increased with age,and the peak value mostly occurred in the age range of 20-29 years.The uncinate process angle and sagittal angle showed only partial significant differences between sides and genders(P<0.05).(3)It is concluded that the angle of the uncinate process increased with the increase of vertebral sequence in a V-shaped manner.The sagittal angle of the uncinate process increases like a fish hook with increasing vertebral order,while the two angles generally peak with increasing age.The angle of the uncinate process is about 131°,which may be closely related to the stability of the cervical spine,while the sagittal angle of the uncinate process is about 14°,and its function may play a certain role in limiting the excessive rotation of the cervical spine.

ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) is a common complication in the intensive care unit (ICU). The occurrence of ICU-AW directly leads to prolonged ICU stays for critically ill patients, and in severe cases, it continues to affect their quality of life even after discharge. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research progress on ICU-AW based on domestic and foreign studies, aiming to provide a scientific overview of ICU-AW, including its definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis, screening tools, influencing factors, and potential intervention strategies, so as to promote timely planning and implementation of relevant screening and intervention measures.

Protein phosphorylation plays a key role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen of tuberculosis, holding promise as a new target of anti-tuberculosis drugs. We used M. smegmatis, a close relative of M. tuberculosis, as a model organism to study the protein phosphorylation at different growth phases. We identified 573 phosphorylated peptides and 816 phosphorylated sites of 385 proteins in the M. smegmatis samples at both logarithmic and stationary phases, and then established a comprehensive dataset of phosphorylated proteins in M. smegmatis. By comparing the expression levels of phosphorylated proteins between the logarithmic and the stationary phase with the selected ion monitoring (SIM) strategy, we verified 68 upregulated proteins involved in cell division and protein translation, and 69 downregulated proteins mainly involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway. The differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins were significantly enriched in important cellular cycle events such as cell elongation and division. The findings of this study provide proteome evidence for elucidating the phosphorylation in both M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis.
Mycobacterium smegmatis/genetics* ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics* ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development* ; Proteome/metabolism* ; Proteomics

With the increasing severity of global aging, aging-related issues have become the hotspot in the field of health. In recent years, animal aging models have been widely developed and applied, which is of great significance in the study of aging mechanism. Animals with short life span, such as Caenorhabditis Elegans and Drosophila Melanogaster, have natural advantages in the study of aging. Various rat and mouse aging models have been used in aging studies. In recent years, new animal aging models have been developed, such as the African turquoise killifish. The authors reviewed main animal models used in the study of aging, and analyzed the establishment methods, evaluation indexes, advantages and disadvantages of each model in order to provide reference for related research.

Objective:To explore the correlation between fish intake and cognitive function in the elderly.Methods:Based on data for Hubei province of the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey 2015, 335 participants aged 60 and over were included in the study.Face-to-face cognitive screening was used to evaluate cognitive function.Fish intake was converted into four classifications: 0 g/d, 0-50 g/d, 50-100 g/d, and >100 g/d.The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the correlation between fish intake and cognitive function in the elderly.Results:There were 335 subjects, including 142 males(42.4%)and 193 females(57.6%). In the overall population( F=4.19, P=0.006)and females( F=2.30, P=0.079), cognitive scores of the elderly increased with increased fish intake, but no increase was found in males( F=1.99, P=0.119). After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, sex, urban and rural living, education level, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, daily total energy intake, dietary fat-to-energy intake ratio, BMI, history of hypertension and stroke, fish intake >100 g/d in the elderly was positively correlated with the cognitive score( β=2.68, 95% CI: 0.38-4.98), compared with the lowest fish intake group(0 g/d); gender-stratified analysis showed that the regression coefficient was 4.26(95% CI: 1.23-7.30)for women and 1.70(-1.76-5.15)for men. Conclusions:Increased fish intake is positively correlated with improved cognitive function in elderly women, but the same is not true in elderly men.Increasing fish intake may be beneficial in preventing cognitive decline in elderly women.

Objective To explore the spatio-temporal characteristics of Oncomelania hupensis snails along the Danyang section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Danyang-Jintan-Liyang Canal, so as to provide scientific evidence for the dynamic assessment of the risk of snail spread in this region. Methods O. hupensis snail status was collected in the plain regions with waterway networks in the study area from 2012 to 2017. The spatio-temporal variations of snail distribution were investigated along the Danyang section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Danyang-Jintan-Liyang Canal using buffer zone analysis, spatial autocorrelation, hotspot analysis and standard deviational ellipse with the geographical information system (GIS) tools. Results The number of snail habitats showed a tendency towards a rise in the study area from 2012 to 2017, and snail habitats were predominantly distributed in the 1 000 m long buffer zone of the Danyang-Jintan-Liyang Canal, notably along the Jiuqu River at the junction between the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Danyang-Jintan-Liyang Canal. The distribution of snail habitats appeared spatial autocorrelations in 2014, 2016 and 2017, and the hotspot areas were mainly identified at the junction between the Danyang-Jintan-Liyang Canal and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. In addition, the overall distribution of snail habitats was located in the northeastern-southwestern part of the study aera, and gradually shifted to the southern and northern parts with the time. Conclusions The spatial distribution of O. hupensis snails is complex along the Danyang section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Danyang-Jintan-Liyang Canal, and there is a risk of snail spread from the upper reaches to the lower reaches, where snail control needs to be intensified.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of Rh2 on HepG2 cells and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods: We used lentivirus carrying β-catenin to infect HepG2 cell, and detected expression of β-catenin using fluorescence microscopy.The effect of Rh2 on proliferation of HepG2-β-catenin and HepG2 cells was measured by CKK-8 assay,and flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis.The activity of Gsk-3βwas checked by ELISA kit.The expression of Gsk-3β,β-catenin,Bax,Bcl2,CyclinD1,MMP3 genes were measured by qRT-PCR.In order to checked the relationship between β-catenin and TCF4,CHIP assay kit was used,the expression of Bax,Bcl2,CyclinD1,MMP3 genes were measured by PCR.The expressions of Gsk-3β,β-catenin,Bax,Bcl2,CyclinD1,MMP3 proteins were examined by Western blot.Results:HepG2 cells were successfully infected by pLOV-EF1a-MCS-3FLAG-β-catenin lentivirus,named HepG2-β-catenin.CCK-8 showed that ginsenoside Rh2 could effectively inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 and HepG2-β-catenin cells in vitro,which exhibits a dose-dependent manner at range of 10-160 μmol/L Rh2.The IC50 of Rh2 exposure on HepG2 cell for 48,72 h were 100 μmol/L and 58.12 μmol/L,but the IC50 of Rh2 exposure on HepG2-β-catenin for 48,72 h were 129.2 μmol/L,83.33 μmol/L,respectively.The IC50 of Rh2 exposure on HepG2-β-catenin cell was higher than HepG2 cell, compared with HepG2 group the differences was statistically significant ( P<0.01 ).Flow cytometry indicated that Rh2 could arrest HepG2 and HepG2-β-catenin cells in G0/G1 phase;the cell population in G0/G1 phase of HepG2+Rh2 group was(64.57±0.65)%,HepG2-β-catenin+Rh2 group was(58.61±2.01)%.Flow cytometry indicated that Rh2 could induced early apoptosis in HepG2 and HepG2-β-catenin cells.The apoptosis rate of HepG2 +Rh2 group was (17.27 ±2.77)%,HepG2-β-catenin +Rh2 group(9.02 ±1.76)%.The ELISA results indicated that HepG2 cells was induced by Rh2 for 12,24,48,72 h,the activity of Gsk-3βgradually increased,peak in 48 h,then decreased.Compared with control group,Rh2 induced HepG2 and HepG2-β-catenin cells for 48 hours, Gsk-3βactivity were increased, and their activity reduced after adding Bio, there were no significant differences between HepG2+Rh2 and HepG2-β-catenin+Rh2 groups.The PCR,CHIP and WB results showed that the expression of Gsk-3β,Bax gene and proteins increased,while theβ-catenin,CyclinD1,Bcl2,MMP3 gene and proteins down-regulation in HepG2 and HepG2-β-catenin cell induced by Rh2.Compared with HepG2-β-catenin +Rh2 group, the expression of other gene and proteins changed significantly,however,Gsk-3βwas no significant difference.Conclusion:Over-expression of β-catenin may weaken the phar-macological effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on HepG2 cells.The activity of Gsk-3βwas increased by ginsenoside Rh2 to degradeβ-catenin, affecting the expression of downstream genes,promoting apoptosis of liver cancer cells and inhibiting metastasis.