OBJECTIVE To screen the primary processing methods of Ligusticum sinense slice based on differential metabolites， and provide theoretical basis for the scientific processing of L. sinense. METHODS Using 13 groups of L. sinense slice processed by fresh-cutting or traditional methods as samples， UHPLC-QE-MS was employed for metabolite identification. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to screen differential metabolites among the 13 sample groups， analyzing the effects of washing， soaking， drying methods， and drying cycles on both the relative expressions of differential metabolites and the contents of carboxylic acids and their derivatives in the samples （to reflect the total amino acid content）. RESULTS Principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis both showed significant intergroup differences among the 13 sample groups. A total of 688 differential metabolites were screened from the 13 sample groups， with carboxylic acids and their derivatives showing the highest proportion. The relative expression levels of phosphatidylcholine significantly increased after washing treatment， while tryptophan expression significantly decreased after soaking treatment. Samples dried at 50-60 ℃ showed significantly increased expression of psoralen， whereas those dried at 40 ℃ showed significantly decreased expression of methyl -p- methoxycinnamate. Both washing and soaking treatments significantly reduced the total amino acid content in samples， while secondary drying significantly increased it. The three controlled-temperature drying methods maintained relatively stable total content of amino acids in samples. CONCLUSIONS The optimal processing protocol for L. sinense slice is as follows: fresh L. sinense slice should be freshly cut at the production site， undergo quick washing after soil removal， and be dried twice at 40 ℃ （before and after slicing）.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze bone mass distribution and the factors affecting bone mass in a general Chinese Han cohort undergoing physical examinations at our center. METHODS: We retrospectively collected the data of bone mineral density (BMD) measurements from 30 599 healthy Han Chinese adults (age≥20 years) who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans at our hospital from July, 2013 to July, 2023. Basic parameters including height, body weight, and gender were recorded, and descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were performed using R software. RESULTS: In this cohort, the male individuals had a mean peak BMD of 1.00±0.12 g/cm² in the lumbar vertebrae, 0.94±0.14 g/cm² in the femoral neck, and 0.99±0.13 g/cm² in the total hip, significantly higher than the values in the female individuals [0.99±0.12 g/cm² in the lumbar vertebrae (P=0.022), 0.79±0.11 g/cm² in the femoral neck (P<0.001), and 0.88±0.11 g/cm² in the total hip (P<0.001)]. In the overall cohort, the BMD values of the lumbar spine and femur decreased with age after reaching their peak levels. There was a positive correlation between BMD value and body mass index (BMI) in both male and female individuals. The 2013-2014 period recorded the lowest BMD values in the lumbar, hip, and femoral neck, which tended to increase steadily in the following years (2015-2023). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the BMD values vary among different populations, and future multi-center studies using more accurate BMD detection technology are warranted to capture the variation patterns of BMD with demographic characteristics of specific populations.
Humans ; Bone Density ; Absorptiometry, Photon ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Osteoporosis/diagnostic imaging* ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging* ; China/epidemiology* ; Femur Neck/diagnostic imaging* ; Aged ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is a chronic,progressive interstitial lung disease.IPF incidence is increasing yearly with high mortality and poor prognoses.At present,IPF pathogenesis remains unclear,and its treatments are limited.The experimental model is important to further study IPF pathogenesis and explore effective preventive and therapeutic measures.In recent years,its modeling method have been continuously developed and optimized.This study summarizes the establishment method and research progress of IPF experimental models in recent years to provide ideas and references for preclinical research to select appropriate experimental models.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of early thyroid function changes on the efficacy of patients with Graves′ disease (GD) after 131I therapy. Methods:Data of patients with GD (59 males, 214 females; age (37.4±11.4) years) who underwent single therapy of 131I in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from November 2017 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Symptoms, signs and laboratory tests (serum free triiodothyronine (FT 3) and serum free thyroxine (FT 4)) of patients were observed to assess the efficacy of 131I treatment. Efficacy was divided into complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), non-remission (NR) or relapse. The changes of thyroid function (ΔFT 3=FT 3 before treatment-FT 3 after treatment)/FT 3 before treatment×100%; ΔFT 4=FT 4 before treatment-FT 4 after treatment)/FT 4 before treatment×100%) 1 month after 131I therapy in each efficacy group and differences among them were compared by using independent-sample t test, χ2 test, one-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference t test. ROC curves were drawn to analyze the predictive values of early thyroid function changes on the efficacy of 131I treatment for GD. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the influencing factors for the efficacy of 131I therapy. Results:CR rate and total effective rate of 273 GD patients after single therapy of 131I were 67.03%(183/273) and 92.67%(253/273), respectively. After 1 month, CR rate of euthyroidism group ( n=95) was significantly higher than that of hyperthyroidism group ( n=178; 81.05%(77/95) vs 59.55%(106/178); χ2=4.60, P=0.032). ΔFT 3 and ΔFT 4 at the first month were statistically significant and decreased sequentially in the CR group ( n=183), PR group ( n=70), NR or relapse groups ( n=20; F values: 15.40, 12.54, both P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that patients with ΔFT 3≥73.64% and (or) ΔFT 4≥59.03% had a higher probability of achieving CR, with sensitivities of 84.3% and 86.7%, and specificities of 62.6% and 62.6%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that 24 h radioactive iodine uptake (odds ratio ( OR)=1.095, 95% CI: 1.031-1.139), dose of 131I given per gram of thyroid tissue ( OR=1.562, 95% CI: 1.321-1.694), ΔFT 3 ( OR=1.354, 95% CI: 1.295-1.482), ΔFT 4 ( OR=1.498, 95% CI: 1.384-1.608) were factors affecting the outcome of patients with GD treated with 131I treatment (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Effects of 131I treatment can be predicted based on the change of the thyroid function at the first month after 131I treatment in patients with GD.

The prevalence of pathological myopia(PM)is increasing year by year.A series of fundus lesions seconda-ry to PM is one of the irreversible blinding eye diseases,which greatly reduces the quality of life of patients.The main fun-dus manifestations of PM include myopic maculopathy and posterior scleral staphyloma.In recent years,the continuous de-velopment of imaging technology has helped doctors to have a more comprehensive understanding of PM and its severity grading in clinical diagnosis and treatment.The application of multimodal imaging technology provides a sound basis for the accurate diagnosis,progress monitoring,treatment strategy formulation and efficacy evaluation of PM.Therefore,this pa-per reviews the multimodal imaging diagnosis of PM.

Diabetes and its complications pose a serious threat to human life and health. It has become a public health problem of wide concern worldwide. Currently, diabetes is mainly treated with insulin injection in clinic. However, manual insulin injection still has many shortcomings. In recent years, with the deepening of research, it has been found that an automated insulin delivery system (AID), which combines a continuous glucose monitoring device with an insulin pump, can significantly improve the effectiveness of diabetes treatment and reduce the incidence of complications in patients. This paper firstly introduces the composition of the AID system and its working principle, and then details the development history and current status of the related technologies from the aspects of continuous glucose monitoring technology, insulin pumps and the development of closed-loop control algorithms, etc. Finally, this paper looks forward to the application prospect and future development of AID system in the field of diabetes treatment, providing theoretical reference for further research.
Humans ; Insulin Infusion Systems ; Insulin/administration & dosage* ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/instrumentation* ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy* ; Algorithms ; Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage* ; Blood Glucose/analysis* ; Pancreas, Artificial ; Automation

Protein phosphorylation plays a key role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen of tuberculosis, holding promise as a new target of anti-tuberculosis drugs. We used M. smegmatis, a close relative of M. tuberculosis, as a model organism to study the protein phosphorylation at different growth phases. We identified 573 phosphorylated peptides and 816 phosphorylated sites of 385 proteins in the M. smegmatis samples at both logarithmic and stationary phases, and then established a comprehensive dataset of phosphorylated proteins in M. smegmatis. By comparing the expression levels of phosphorylated proteins between the logarithmic and the stationary phase with the selected ion monitoring (SIM) strategy, we verified 68 upregulated proteins involved in cell division and protein translation, and 69 downregulated proteins mainly involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway. The differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins were significantly enriched in important cellular cycle events such as cell elongation and division. The findings of this study provide proteome evidence for elucidating the phosphorylation in both M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis.
Mycobacterium smegmatis/genetics* ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics* ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development* ; Proteome/metabolism* ; Proteomics

Aim To investigate the role of mitochondrial translocator protein(TSPO)in the apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by tanshinone IIA(Tan II A)and the involved mechanism. Methods Following the HepG2 cells treated with Tan ⅡA at 2.5, 5 and 10 μmol·L-1, the cell viability was determined by MTT assay, and intracellular ATP content was determined by luciferin-luciferase method. Oxygen utilization was measured polarographically with a Clark oxygen electrode. Cell apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry. The mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed with JC-1 staining. The intracellular distribution of TSPO was examined by TSPO immunostaining, and the expressions of TSPO, Cyto C, caspase-3, caspase-9 were determined by immunoblotting analysis. Results Tan II A inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. The treatment with Tan II A inhibited ATP production and oxygen utilization of mitochondria. In addition, Tan ⅡA enhanced TSPO expression and accumulation in nuclei and up-regulated the expression of Cyto C, caspase-3 and caspase-9. Conclusions Tan II A induces the apoptosis of HepG2 cells, which may be related to the TSPO-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.

【Objective】 To evaluate the effectiveness of random quality control sampling in blood sample detetion by ELISA. 【Methods】 Blood samples of 5 mL specification of blood donors from our blood station from May to July 2022 were selected for routine operation on a fully automated sampler. J standard substances(3 mL specification) as daily samples were added to A1 well, H12 well and random wells of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, and -TP, and then placed in a fully automated enzyme immunoassay analyzer for testing. With random well quality control as the internal quality control judgment standard, 20 consecutive tests were conducted and were divided into A1 (well) group, H12 (well) group and random (well) group according to different well positions. Quality control maps were drawn using Levey-Jennings quality control chart with random group as the framework, and were compared with the quality control map of A1 well and H12 well results in the same day. 【Results】 The mean quality control levels of infectious indicators of blood transfusion in blood donors by ELISA were: HBsAg 3.87±0.28, anti-HCV 3.79±0.38, anti-HIV 3.64±0.30 and anti-TP 4.53±0.51. 【Comparison】 of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and anti-TP, between random group, A1 group and H12 group were HBsAg 3.87± 0.28 vs 4.09±0.30 vs 3.64±0.26, anti-HCV 3.78±0.37 vs 3.96±0.38 vs 3.63±0.38, anti-HIV 3.63±0.31 vs 3.82±0.32 vs 3.48±0.28 and anti-TP 4.51±0.51 vs 4.71±0.52 vs 4.36±0.51, The S/CO value of each indicator were H12 group0.05) . Using random group as the quality control framework standard, 5 points in group A1 fell outside of +2s, and 1 point in group H12 fell outside of -2s, resulting in a total of 6 alarms. With the quality control substance placed in A1 well of the ELISA plate, the judgment of detection results of the entire ELISA plate could be inevitably affected, especially the last row of low concentration virus marker samples on the ELISA plate. 【Conclusion】 The application of random quality control sampling method in donor blood by ELISA is scientific and reasonable, which can reduce the systematic error caused by artificial setting of ELISA plate fixed well positions and can also discover edge effects that affect the detection results.