This study was aimed at exploring the prevalence and drug sensitivity of Gordonia strains isolated from sputum samples in Henan Province,to provide data to aid in the prevention and treatment of Gordonia infection.A combination of 16S rDNA and sec A1 gene sequencing was used to identify the isolated strains,and susceptibility to16 drugs was determined with the broth microdilution method.A total of 21 strains were identified through 16S rDNA gene and sec A1 gene sequencing,including five strains of Gordonia broncians,eight strains of Gordonia paraphernivans,seven strains of Gordonia sputi,and one strain of Gordonia aichiensis.Drug sensi-tivity testing showed high Gordonia sensitivity to drugs such as ceftriaxone,linezolid,doxycycline,amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,mino-cycline,cefotaxime,trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole,imipenem,tobramycin,and clarithromycin.The sensitivity rates of the isolated strains were 90.48%(19/21),100%(21/21),90.48%(19/21),90.48%(19/21),95.24%(20/21),90.48%(19/21),90.48%(19/21),90.48%(19/21),and 95.24%(20/21),respectively.Gordonia showed high resistance to rifampicin and cefepime,with rates of 28.57%(6/21)and 19.05%(4/21),respectively.Meanwhile,the resistance varied among bacterial strains.The resistance rate of G.sputi to rifampicin reached 71.43%(5/7),whereas that of G.parapffinivoras to cefepime was 37.5%(3/8).The main species of Gordo-nia isolated from sputum samples of patients in Henan Province were G.bronchialis,G.paraffinivoras,G.sputi,and G.aichiensis.Drug sensitivity tests indicated that drugs including amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,ceftriaxone,cefotaxime,tobramycin,clarithromycin,mi-nocycline,trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole,linezolid,and doxycycline had good antibacterial effects against Gordonia.

This study was aimed at exploring the prevalence and drug sensitivity of Gordonia strains isolated from sputum samples in Henan Province,to provide data to aid in the prevention and treatment of Gordonia infection.A combination of 16S rDNA and sec A1 gene sequencing was used to identify the isolated strains,and susceptibility to16 drugs was determined with the broth microdilution method.A total of 21 strains were identified through 16S rDNA gene and sec A1 gene sequencing,including five strains of Gordonia broncians,eight strains of Gordonia paraphernivans,seven strains of Gordonia sputi,and one strain of Gordonia aichiensis.Drug sensi-tivity testing showed high Gordonia sensitivity to drugs such as ceftriaxone,linezolid,doxycycline,amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,mino-cycline,cefotaxime,trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole,imipenem,tobramycin,and clarithromycin.The sensitivity rates of the isolated strains were 90.48%(19/21),100%(21/21),90.48%(19/21),90.48%(19/21),95.24%(20/21),90.48%(19/21),90.48%(19/21),90.48%(19/21),and 95.24%(20/21),respectively.Gordonia showed high resistance to rifampicin and cefepime,with rates of 28.57%(6/21)and 19.05%(4/21),respectively.Meanwhile,the resistance varied among bacterial strains.The resistance rate of G.sputi to rifampicin reached 71.43%(5/7),whereas that of G.parapffinivoras to cefepime was 37.5%(3/8).The main species of Gordo-nia isolated from sputum samples of patients in Henan Province were G.bronchialis,G.paraffinivoras,G.sputi,and G.aichiensis.Drug sensitivity tests indicated that drugs including amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,ceftriaxone,cefotaxime,tobramycin,clarithromycin,mi-nocycline,trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole,linezolid,and doxycycline had good antibacterial effects against Gordonia.

OBJECTIVE To establish the drug use evaluation criteria of human albumin （HA） in the treatment of liver cirrhosis based on weighted technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS） method， and to comprehensively evaluate the utilization of HA. METHODS The drug use evaluation criteria of HA was established with reference to guidelines of liver cirrhosis treatment at home and abroad and HA prescription evaluation method， based on the HA instructions. The weighted TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the rationality of HA drug use in inpatients with liver cirrhosis diagnosed by the infection department of our hospital in 2020. RESULTS The established drug use evaluation criteria for HA included 8 evaluation indicators， i.e. baseline examination， indication， contraindication， combined use of drugs， usage and dosage， and so on； the scoring weight was set by consulting experts. According to the evaluation of the closeness degree （Ci） between the HA drug use of 1 068 medical records and the optimal plan and the worst plan in our hospital， the result showed that 133 （12.45%） were evaluated as reasonable medical records （Ci≥0.8）， 576 （53.93%） as basically reasonable medical records （0.6≤Ci＜0.8）， and 359 （33.61%） as unreasonable medical records （Ci＜0.6）. The main unreasonable problems were the absence of baseline examination， non-indication medication， medication for contraindication， etc. CONCLUSIONS The drug use evaluation criteria of HA based on the weighted TOPSIS method can be used to evaluate the rational use of the drug. The drug use of HA in patients with liver cirrhosis in our hospital is reasonable， and we should continue to strengthen the management to reduce or avoid unreasonable drug use.

Objective:To understand the current status of anti-hypertensive drug use in patients with hypertension in the Southwest areas of China.Methods:Based on the Program of Screening and Intervention Subjects with High Risk Cardiovascular Diseases, this study presented information on adults aged 35-75 in Southwest China by convenient sampling method, from January 2016 to November 2018. Basic information and cardiovascular related data were collected. Data on hypertensive patients were recorded, including names, doses and frequency of anti-hypertensive drugs they used. Information on the use of anti-hypertensive drugs among different hypertension subgroups, potential related characteristics, types and combination patterns of drugs, etc., were analyzed. Results:A total of 394 957 subjects were included in the study, with 159 014 identified as being hypertensive [mean age (58.8±9.5) years, 40.2 % male]. 29.8 % of them ever received antihypertensive drugs. A total of 30 445 of the patients reported detailed information of the drugs they ever used and 22.5 % of them received therapy of combined drugs. Rates of using combination therapy were consistent among subgroups with different age, gender, blood pressure level and history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with previous cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, obesity or diabetes were more likely to have received combined therapy, while patients with less education or lower income were in the opposite. Calcium antagonists (58.6 %) were the main drugs being used in single drug therapy, while traditional fixed-dose combination drugs (31.4 %) were the most common ones in the drug-combination therapy, followed by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker combined with calcium antagonists (22.4 %). Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker combined with beta blocker was the main drug used in patients with coronary heart disease. Conclusions:Treatment programs using the antihypertensive drugs for hypertensive patients in Southwest China needs to be improved, since the irrational use of antihypertensive drugs still exists. However, we would encourage the use of combination therapy for hypertensive patients.

Objective To explore the role of chronic disease management led by clinical pharmacists in preventing medication errors in discharged elderly patients with hypertension.Methods The subjects were selected from hypertensive patients aged 60-85 years and hospitalized in Department of Cardiology,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from March 2016 to September 2017.The patients were selected at admission and their basic information were recorded,including gender,age,mode of payment,education level,occupation,and type of combined chronic diseases.The patients were given homogeneous pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists during hospitalization and randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group when discharged.After discharge,they were followed up for 24 weeks.The patients in the intervention group were followed up once every 2 weeks from the 1st to the 12th week and once every 4 weeks from the 13th to the 24th week after discharge.The patients in the control group were followed up only once at the end of the 12th and the 24th week after discharge.The follow-up contents included the blood pressure,blood glucose,blood lipids,and other laboratory tests results,name and usage of all the drugs used,on-time medication condition,occurrence of adverse drug reactions,changes in lifestyle,and etc.If the patients were found to have medication errors,the time of error discovery,the content,level,and frequency of the error,and the classification of the drug involved were recorded in a special form.The clinical pharmacists provided individualized medication guidance to patients during the follow-up and gave timely intervention after discovering the medication errors.Results Forty patients in the intervention group and 44 patients in the control group were entered in the study.There were no significant differences in baseline information between the 2 groups (all P ≥ 0.05).During the 24 weeks of follow-up,medication errors were found in 20 patients in the intervention group and 12 patients in the control group.The difference in detection rate of medication errors between the 2 groups was significant [50.0％ (20/40) vs.27.3％ (12/44),x2 =0.043,P =0.032].A total of 50 cases of medication errors were found in the 2 groups,including 34 (68.0％) in the intervention group and 16 (32.0％) in the control group.During the first 12 weeks of follow-up,31 cases of medication errors (91.2％) in the intervention group and 8 cases (50.0％)in the control group were found by pharmacists,and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.002).The difference in the proportion of different medication errors classification between the 2 groups was not significant (P ＞0.05).The drug omission was with the highest proportion in the 2 groups [47.1％ (16/34) in the intervention group and 31.2％ (5/16) in the control group].Among 50 cases of medication errors,49 (98.0％) were defined as level 2 errors (with mistake,but no harm),including 20 cases of grade C errors and 29 cases of grade D errors;1 (2.0％) was defined as level 3 (with mistake and harm) and grade F error.After the intervention of clinical pharmacists,all the level 2 errors were corrected.Level 3 errors led to re-hospitalization of patients.After pharmacists and physicians emphasized the importance of taking medicine according to doctor's orders again,patients did not make medication errors again.There are 8 categories and 22 kinds of drugs involved in medication errors,including antiplatelet,antihypertensive,hypolipidemic,hypoglycemics,anti-gout,antiarrhythmic,anticoagulant,and anti-angina drugs.Conclusion Chronic disease management led by clinical pharmacists is helpful to find and correct the medication errors timely in discharged elderly patients with hypertension.

Objective To explore the role of chronic disease management led by clinical pharmacists in preventing medication errors in discharged elderly patients with hypertension.Methods The subjects were selected from hypertensive patients aged 60-85 years and hospitalized in Department of Cardiology,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from March 2016 to September 2017.The patients were selected at admission and their basic information were recorded,including gender,age,mode of payment,education level,occupation,and type of combined chronic diseases.The patients were given homogeneous pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists during hospitalization and randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group when discharged.After discharge,they were followed up for 24 weeks.The patients in the intervention group were followed up once every 2 weeks from the 1st to the 12th week and once every 4 weeks from the 13th to the 24th week after discharge.The patients in the control group were followed up only once at the end of the 12th and the 24th week after discharge.The follow-up contents included the blood pressure,blood glucose,blood lipids,and other laboratory tests results,name and usage of all the drugs used,on-time medication condition,occurrence of adverse drug reactions,changes in lifestyle,and etc.If the patients were found to have medication errors,the time of error discovery,the content,level,and frequency of the error,and the classification of the drug involved were recorded in a special form.The clinical pharmacists provided individualized medication guidance to patients during the follow-up and gave timely intervention after discovering the medication errors.Results Forty patients in the intervention group and 44 patients in the control group were entered in the study.There were no significant differences in baseline information between the 2 groups (all P ≥ 0.05).During the 24 weeks of follow-up,medication errors were found in 20 patients in the intervention group and 12 patients in the control group.The difference in detection rate of medication errors between the 2 groups was significant [50.0％ (20/40) vs.27.3％ (12/44),x2 =0.043,P =0.032].A total of 50 cases of medication errors were found in the 2 groups,including 34 (68.0％) in the intervention group and 16 (32.0％) in the control group.During the first 12 weeks of follow-up,31 cases of medication errors (91.2％) in the intervention group and 8 cases (50.0％)in the control group were found by pharmacists,and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.002).The difference in the proportion of different medication errors classification between the 2 groups was not significant (P ＞0.05).The drug omission was with the highest proportion in the 2 groups [47.1％ (16/34) in the intervention group and 31.2％ (5/16) in the control group].Among 50 cases of medication errors,49 (98.0％) were defined as level 2 errors (with mistake,but no harm),including 20 cases of grade C errors and 29 cases of grade D errors;1 (2.0％) was defined as level 3 (with mistake and harm) and grade F error.After the intervention of clinical pharmacists,all the level 2 errors were corrected.Level 3 errors led to re-hospitalization of patients.After pharmacists and physicians emphasized the importance of taking medicine according to doctor's orders again,patients did not make medication errors again.There are 8 categories and 22 kinds of drugs involved in medication errors,including antiplatelet,antihypertensive,hypolipidemic,hypoglycemics,anti-gout,antiarrhythmic,anticoagulant,and anti-angina drugs.Conclusion Chronic disease management led by clinical pharmacists is helpful to find and correct the medication errors timely in discharged elderly patients with hypertension.

Objective To investigate the genotype of M.tuberculosis in He'nan Province.Methods A total of 668 M.tuberculosis clinical strains collected in difference regions of He'nan Province during 2015 were genotyped by two standard methods,including classical 24-locus mycobacterium interspersed repetitive unit variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing and spoligotyping.Results The 668 isolates were divided into 11 clusters and 35 patterns by spoligotyping.Among the 558 Beijing strains,546 were typical Beijing strains and the other 12 were atypical Beijing strains.Among the 110 non-Beijing strains,eight were new strains and the remaining 102 non-Beijing strains were divided into 10 families.There were 76 isolates belonging to T family,including 59 of T1 families,7 of T2 families,and 10 of T3 families.The 668 strains were divided into 550 gene patterns by standard 24-locus VNTR,including 508 un-clustered patterns and 160 clustered into 42 clusters.The largest cluster contained 21 strains,the other clusters contained 2-20 strains.Conclusion Beijing strain is still the most prevalent M.tuberculosis in He'nan Province.

In recent years, cancer stem cells have become a hotspot for global researchers. Cancer stem cell theory deems that cells with self-renewal and differentiation potential play a key role in tumor resistance and relapse. These cells are named cancer stem cells. At present, the sorting methods include the side population cell sorting technique, screening techniques based on cell surface special markers, tumor sphere cultures, label retaining cell, ALDEFLUOR assays and so on. Side population cells are a small part of cells with the capacity of efflux DNA fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342 and present a low staining intensity in flow cytometry plot. Side population cells are rich in cancer stem cells, and its sorting method has been considered simple and effective in cancer stem cell research.
Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; Side-Population Cells