Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Yigan Fupi decoction(YGFP)on irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and its mechanism of action in repairing the intestinal barrier and reducing IBS sensitivity through the PKA/PKC-CREB pathway.Methods Baby rats separated from their mother were randomly divided into a model control(M)and a YGFP group,while baby rats without maternal separation were used as a normal control(N)group.The YGFP group was given YGFP for 4 weeks.Abdominal withdrawal reflux was used to evaluate intestinal sensitivity.Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and ELISA were used to detect bile acid metabolite concentrations and serum levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and CXCL1,respectively.HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in the colon,and Western Blot and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the relative protein expression levels of PKA,PKC,CREB,5HT2AR,5-HT7R,ZO-1,and Claudin 1.Results Compared with the normal control group,the M group showed a significantly decreased visceral pain threshold,significantly increased levels of total bile acid metabolites,IL-6,and CXCL1,significantly increased relative expression of PKA,PKC,CREB,5HT2AR,and 5-HT7R,and significantly decreased relative expression of ZO-1 and Claudin 1.Compared with the M group,the YGFP group showed a significantly increased visceral pain threshold,significantly reduced levels of total bile acid metabolites,IL-6,and CXCL1,significantly reduced relative expression of PKA,PKC,CREB,5HT2AR,and 5-HT7R,and increased relative expression of ZO-1 and Claudin 1.Conclusions YGFP effectively improved IBS through a mechanism that may involve repair of the intestinal barrier and reduced sensitivity through the PKA/PKC-CREB pathway.

Very-late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis(VLOSLP)is considered the most common mental disorder in the elderly following dementia and depression, and its clinical symptomatology is different from that of schizophrenia with onset around the average age.The diagnostic classification system and prognosis of VLOSLP are very complicated, and it is still controversial whether it should be classified as a prodromal symptom of dementia or as a type of late-onset schizophrenia.This article reviewed studies concerning the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, prognosis, and neuroimaging of VLOSLP, hoping to provide value as a reference for future clinical research and treatment.

Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Yigan Fupi decoction(YGFP)on irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and its mechanism of action in repairing the intestinal barrier and reducing IBS sensitivity through the PKA/PKC-CREB pathway.Methods Baby rats separated from their mother were randomly divided into a model control(M)and a YGFP group,while baby rats without maternal separation were used as a normal control(N)group.The YGFP group was given YGFP for 4 weeks.Abdominal withdrawal reflux was used to evaluate intestinal sensitivity.Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and ELISA were used to detect bile acid metabolite concentrations and serum levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and CXCL1,respectively.HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in the colon,and Western Blot and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the relative protein expression levels of PKA,PKC,CREB,5HT2AR,5-HT7R,ZO-1,and Claudin 1.Results Compared with the normal control group,the M group showed a significantly decreased visceral pain threshold,significantly increased levels of total bile acid metabolites,IL-6,and CXCL1,significantly increased relative expression of PKA,PKC,CREB,5HT2AR,and 5-HT7R,and significantly decreased relative expression of ZO-1 and Claudin 1.Compared with the M group,the YGFP group showed a significantly increased visceral pain threshold,significantly reduced levels of total bile acid metabolites,IL-6,and CXCL1,significantly reduced relative expression of PKA,PKC,CREB,5HT2AR,and 5-HT7R,and increased relative expression of ZO-1 and Claudin 1.Conclusions YGFP effectively improved IBS through a mechanism that may involve repair of the intestinal barrier and reduced sensitivity through the PKA/PKC-CREB pathway.

Very-late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis(VLOSLP)is considered the most common mental disorder in the elderly following dementia and depression, and its clinical symptomatology is different from that of schizophrenia with onset around the average age.The diagnostic classification system and prognosis of VLOSLP are very complicated, and it is still controversial whether it should be classified as a prodromal symptom of dementia or as a type of late-onset schizophrenia.This article reviewed studies concerning the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, prognosis, and neuroimaging of VLOSLP, hoping to provide value as a reference for future clinical research and treatment.

Objective:To identify species type and analyze the homology of Brucella in a family cluster infection. Methods:Two patients with brucellosis from the same family who were treated at the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province in May 2022 were selected as the research subjects. Brucella strains (H4LYG01 and H2LYG02) were isolated through blood culture. The isolated strains were identified for species type and homology analysis using a fully automated microbial mass spectrometry detection system. Molecular typing of the isolated strains was performed using multiple locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results:H4LYG01 and H2LYG02 were both Brucella Maltese, and the credibility scores were 9.745 and 9.627, respectively, and the homology was 100%. The MLVA results showed that the gene loci of H4LYG01 and H2LYG02 were completely identical, with the same genotype. The MLST results showed that the sequence type (ST) of H4LYG01 and H2LYG02 were both ST8 types. Conclusion:The two isolated strains of Brucella from a family with clustered infections are both Brucella Maltese and from the same source.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Guanxinning(GXN)tablet on dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM),and to explore its effect and mechanism in pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes via the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway.Methods Rats were divided into GXN low-dose,GXN high-dose,digoxin,model control,and normal control groups.The DCM model was induced by multiple intraperitoneal injections of 17.5 mg/kg doxorubicin(DOX).The drug was administered at the same time as the model was established for 10 weeks.After the last administration,echocardiography was used to assess cardiac function indexes.After sacrificing the rats,serum was collected to measure IL-1β and IL-18 levels.RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,NF-κB,TXNIP,IL-1β,and IL-18.Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining and Western Blot were used to assess NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-1β,and IL-18,GSDMD and GSDMD-NT protein,and TUNEL staining result.Changes in the microstructure of cardiomyocytes were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results Compared with the normal control group,IVSs,IVSd,LVPWs,FS,SV,EF,and HR of the model control group were significantly reduced,LVIDs,ESV,and serum IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly increased,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,NF-κB,TXNIP,IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA expression was significantly increased,and NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-1β,IL-18 and GSDMD-NT protein expression and the TUNEL staining area were increased significantly,and the microstructure of cardiomyocytes changed significantly.Compared with the model control group,GXN significantly increased IVSs,SV,FS,EF,and HR,significantly reduced LVIDs,ESV,and the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18,and reduced NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,NF-κB,TXNIP,IL-1β,and IL-18 mRNA expression,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-1β,IL-18 and GSDMD-NT protein expression,and the TUNEL staining area.Additionally,the microstructure was improved significantly.Conclusions GXN alleviates cardiomyocyte pyroptosis in rats with DCM by inhibiting the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway.

Objective To study the effects and mechanisms of Smilax glabra flavonoids(SGF)on myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac inflammation induced by isoproterenol(ISO)in mice.Methods C57/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal group,ISO model group(1.25 mg/(kg·d)),SGF low-dose group(50 mg/(kg·d)),and SGF high-dose group(100 mg/(kg·d)).The SGF groups were given prophylactic SGF for 7 days before modeling,then subcutaneous ISO injection was given to each group,and echocardiography was performed after continuous injection for 7 days.Serum was separated from orbital blood,and the NT-proBNP and inflammatory factor(IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α)contents of the blood were detected.Myocardial specimens were collected,and pathological changes to myocardial tissue were observed.Myocardial ROS levels were detected by DHE staining.The mRNA levels of heart-related hypertrophy genes and changes in the expression of key proteins in the inflammatory pathway of NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-18 in myocardial tissue were detected.Results SGF prophylactic administration decreased IVSd,IVSs,and EF in echocardiography and increased LVIDs,LVIDd,and LVESV.The IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α,and NT-proBNP contents of blood decreased,and the mRNA expression levels of the heart-related hypertrophy genes for ANP,BNP,and β-MHC were subdued.The increase in myocardial ROS levels was also inhibited.The protein expression of NLRP3,Caspase-1(p20),and IL-18,which are key factors in the NLRP3/caspase-l/IL-18 inflammatory pathway,was down-regulated in myocardial tissue.The hypertrophy and disordered arrangement of cardiomyocytes were improved,the increase in fibroblast numbers outside myocardial fibers was reduced,and the infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrosis of myocardial tissue were alleviated.Conclusions SGF can improve ISO-induced myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac inflammation in mice and may act through the NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-18 inflammatory pathway.

Purpose To investigate the clinical pathologic features of five SMARCA4-deficient non-small lung cancers(SMARCA4-dNSCLCs).Methods Five cases of SMARCA4-dNSCLC was underwent by HE,immunohistochemical staining,and molecular detection,analyzed their clinicopathological char-acteristics and reviewed relevant literatures.Results All 5 ca-ses were male,and mean age was 66 years.Five patients had a history of smoking,three patients were treated with cough and blood in sputum as the first symptom,one was treated with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis combined with limb mobility disorder,and one was diagnosed with pulmonary nodules by physical examination.Under microscopic observation,tumor cells were poorly differentiated,with solid nest sheet distribu-tion,some with glandular structure,tumor cells had abundant e-osinophilic or transparent cytoplasm,vacuolar nuclear chroma-tin,nucleoli was visible,and nuclear mitosis was common.In-flammatory cell infiltration and sheet of necrosis were seen in the stroma.Immunohistochemical staining showed 5/5 diffuse ex-pression of CK(AE1/AE3)and CK7,5/5 loss expression of BRG1,1/5 diffuse expression of p40 and CK5/6,and Ki67 proliferating index ranged from 20％to 90％.FISH tests showed that 4/4 SMARCA4 genes missed.Five patients were followed up for 2-15 months,3 patients died and 2 patients survived.Conclusions SMARCA4-dNSCLC can have extensive morphologi-cal features,high degree of malignancy,and complicated treat-ment.BRG1 deficiency is helpful for diagnosis.Deepening the understanding of SMARCA4-dNSCLC can help the clinical cor-rect choice of treatment strategies and accurately evaluate patient prognosis.

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders,of which diarrhea-predominant IBS(IBS-D)accounts for the largest proportion.The pathogenesis of IBS-D is complicated and diverse,and there is currently a lack of clinically effective drugs.The establishment of animal models is an essential tool for further studies of the disease mechanisms,evaluation of clinical efficacy,and drug development,and the preparation and evaluation standards of models are important factors affecting the quality of the research.Based on the currently accepted pathogenesis of IBS-D and the previous modeling experience of our research group,this review systematically summarizes the evaluation method used in animal models of IBS-D in terms of diarrhea observation,visceral sensitivity tests,and intestinal motility tests,to provide a reference for future studies.

Parkinson′s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly people. In addition to motor symptoms, PD also has many non motor symptoms, such as dysosmia, constipation, cognitive impairment, etc. Among them, dysosmia is a common non motor symptom of early Parkinson′s disease. Research has confirmed that olfactory dysfunction (OD) can appear before the typical clinical symptoms of PD, which is of great significance to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, at present, the pathogenesis of OD is still unclear, and the inspection methods have not been unified, and there is no complete cure. This article reviews the latest research progress of dysosmia in Parkinson′s disease.