[Objective]To summarize the research progress on the chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of Peels of Citrus paradisi cv.Changshan huyou,and promote traditional medicine and clinical applications development of Peels of Citrus paradisi cv.Changshan huyou.[Methods]The research reports on chemical composition,pharmacological activity and clinical application of Peels of Citrus paradisi cv.Changshan huyou were retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang,PubMed,Web of Science and Google Scholar databases from 1994 to 2024,and the research status of Peels of Citrus paradisi cv.Changshan huyou was summarized.[Results]Modern studies have shown that peels of Citrus paradisi cv.Changshan huyou contains a variety of physiological active ingredients,including flavonoids,limonins,coumarins,volatile oils,phenolic acids,pectin,dietary fiber,carotenoids,etc.It has pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidation,antibacterial,lowering blood lipids,lowering blood sugar,regulating immune,regulating gastrointestinal movement,protecting the liver,relieving cough and expelling phlegm,etc.At present,clinical research on peels of Citrus paradisi cv.Changshan huyou is relatively scarce,with occasional reports in using it to treat respiratory and musculoskeletal system diseases.[Conclusion]Peel of Citrus paradisi cv.Changshan huyou has rich functional chemical components,extensive pharmacological effects and certain medicinal values.As research on peels of Citrus paradisi cv.Changshan huyou continues to delve deeper,its development and utilization in traditional medicine,clinical applications and health food products hold promising prospects.

[Objective]To summarize the research progress on the chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of Peels of Citrus paradisi cv.Changshan huyou,and promote traditional medicine and clinical applications development of Peels of Citrus paradisi cv.Changshan huyou.[Methods]The research reports on chemical composition,pharmacological activity and clinical application of Peels of Citrus paradisi cv.Changshan huyou were retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang,PubMed,Web of Science and Google Scholar databases from 1994 to 2024,and the research status of Peels of Citrus paradisi cv.Changshan huyou was summarized.[Results]Modern studies have shown that peels of Citrus paradisi cv.Changshan huyou contains a variety of physiological active ingredients,including flavonoids,limonins,coumarins,volatile oils,phenolic acids,pectin,dietary fiber,carotenoids,etc.It has pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidation,antibacterial,lowering blood lipids,lowering blood sugar,regulating immune,regulating gastrointestinal movement,protecting the liver,relieving cough and expelling phlegm,etc.At present,clinical research on peels of Citrus paradisi cv.Changshan huyou is relatively scarce,with occasional reports in using it to treat respiratory and musculoskeletal system diseases.[Conclusion]Peel of Citrus paradisi cv.Changshan huyou has rich functional chemical components,extensive pharmacological effects and certain medicinal values.As research on peels of Citrus paradisi cv.Changshan huyou continues to delve deeper,its development and utilization in traditional medicine,clinical applications and health food products hold promising prospects.

ObjectiveTo conduct comprehensive assessment of internal and external cadmium exposure and health risks for Shanghai residents. MethodsCadmium levels in food samples were calculated by employing two dietary exposure assessment methods， total diet study （TDS） and food frequency questionnaire （FFQ）， to estimate the daily dietary cadmium exposure of Shanghai residents. The provisional tolerable monthly intake （PTMI） of cadmium set by joint food and agriculture organization/WHO expert committee on food additives （JECFA） was applied to evaluate the health risk. Differences in dietary and urinary cadmium were compared by rank-sum test among different regions， age， gender， smoking status， and BMI groups， and the association between internal and external cadmium exposure was investigated by correlation analysis. ResultsThe mean value of urinary cadmium for 1 300 respondents was 0.542 μg·L^-1. Urinary cadmium was higher in the population in central urban and urban-rural fringe areas than in the suburban area， higher in the older age group than in the younger age group， and higher in the smoking group than in the non-smoking group （all P<0.01）. The two assessment methods showed that the mean values of daily dietary cadmium exposure for Shanghai residents were 0.306 and 0.090 μg·kg^-1， with 3.69% and 0.85% of Shanghai residents exceeding the PTMI， respectively. Correlation analyses showed that dietary exposure to cadmium based on the FFQ method was positively correlated with the urinary cadmium level when smoking status， age， gender， and BMI were adjusted. ConclusionDietary exposure to cadmium of Shanghai residents is mainly derived from vegetables， aquatic products， cereals and potatoes， and is overall at a low-risk level. Dietary exposure assessment based on FFQ and risk monitoring data can effectively estimate long-term cadmium exposure.

Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis（CMUSE） is a rare and difficult disease characte-rized by chronic recurrent intestinal obstruction and gastrointestinal bleeding caused by multiple ulcers and strictures of the small intestine. There is still a lack of mature and systematic guidance for the treatment of the disease. This paper reported a case of CMUSE mainly manifested as fatigue， abdominal distention， and edema of both lower limbs ， who is treated by integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine. In western medicine treatment， hormone and symptomatic treatment are mainly used. In traditional Chinese medicine treatment， the method of fortifying spleen and reinforcing healthy qi is taken as the basis； during the active stage of the disease， the method of moving qi and removing stagnation， clearing and removing dampness and heat， astringing and engendering flesh should be combined with， while during the remission stage， it is advised to unite with the method of diffusing lung and moving water， regulating and harmonizing zang-fu （脏腑） organs； simultaneously， replenishing qi and invigorating blood can be used throughout the treatment， and attach importance to the maintenance therapy of the traditional Chinese medicine immunomo-dulatory agent Tripterygium glycosides. After more than 2 years of treatment， the patient's clinical symptoms were significantly relieved， and all indicators basically restored to normal， having a stable condition.

Objective:To screen inflammatory factors of ulcerative colitis(UC).Methods:Three sets of human GeneChip datasets were included from Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO).Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)from two of datasets were analyzed with R software,and intersection and combination of top 20 DEGs of UC rat GeneChip were screened to identify core genes of UC.ROC curve was used to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of core genes in another human microarray data set.CIBERSORT was used to analyze relationship between core genes and immune cells,proteins co-expressed with core gene were identified using protein-protein interaction(PPI)network diagram and analyzed for functional enrichment.Molecular docking of core genes with anti-inflamma-tory herbal medicines for treatment of UC was performed.Correlation between core genes and inflammation and effect of anti-inflamma-tory traditional Chinese medicine on core genes were verified by in vitro experiments.Results:S100A8 was screened out as core gene of UC with high sensitivity and specificity(AUC=0.953).S100A8 was positively correlated with immune inflammatory cells such as neutrophils,activated mast cells and monocytes.PPI and enrichment analysis revealed that S100A8 was related to inflammatory path-ways such as RAS signaling pathway,PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and mTOR signaling pathway.Anti-inflammatory Chinese medi-cines triptolide,baicalin and berberine had good binding force with S100A8.In vitro experiments suggest that S100A8 played an im-portant role in inflammation,triptolide,baicalin and berberine could reduce expression of S100A8.Conclusion:S100A8 may be an inflammatory core gene of UC,and it is expected to become a new therapeutic target.

Background Chloropropanol esters (MCPDE) have attracted much attention in recent years as a kind of new contaminant found in various refined oils. The pollution of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) is the most prominent. 3-MCPDE is hydrolyzed in organisms to 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol which has been shown to have reproductive toxicity, nephrotoxicity, and potential carcinogenicity. Infant formula powders can be polluted by 3-MCPDE when refined edible oils are added during production. Objective To assess the risk of exposure to 3-MCPDE related to the consumption of infant formula powders for children aged 0-3 years in Shanghai market using the food consumption data and the data of 3-MCPDE contamination in these foods. Methods Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine 3-MCPDE in 133 samples of infant formula powders in Shanghai. Using a multistage stratified random sampling method, a total of 807 infants and toddlers aged 0-3 years were randomly selected from each district/rural/town in Shanghai, including 208 children aged 0-6 months, 276 children aged 6-12 months, and 323 children aged 12-36 months. The food consumption data was investigated using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) distributed by combining telephone inquiries and face-to-face interviews among guardians. Population's probability distributions of 3-MCPDE exposure were assessed by @Risk 7.5 software and Monte Carlo simulation algorithm. According to the dietary intake assessment model and the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 3-MCPDE of 2.00 μg·(kg·d)⁻¹ proposed by the European Food Safety Authority (ESFA), a risk assessment of exposure to 3-MCPDE was conducted for infants and toddlers aged 0 to 3 years old in Shanghai who consumed 3-MCPDE via infant formula powders. Results The average concentration of 3-MCPDE in 133 samples of infant formula powders was 0.115 mg·kg⁻¹ with a positive rate of 100.00%. Among different types of formula powders, infant formula powders for infants of 0-6 months had the highest concentrations of 3-MCPDE and fat [0.136 mg·kg⁻¹ and 25.2 g (per 100 g sample) in average respectively]. There was a positive correlation between fat concentration and 3-MCPDE concentration in the samples (r=0.438, P<0.05). The average consumption of infant formula powders of 807 infants aged 0-3 years was 88.3 g·d⁻¹. Among all investigated age groups, the average consumption of infant formula powders by infants aged 0-6, 6-12, and 12-36 months was 87.7, 98.3, and 80.1 g·d⁻¹ respectively. The dietary exposure to 3-MCPDE from infant formula powders of infants aged 0-3 years averaged 0.83 μg·(kg·d)⁻¹ for general intake level or valued 1.44 μg·(kg·d)⁻¹ using the 95 percentile for high intake level. Exposure decreased with increasing age and was highest in infants 0-6 months of age, whose general and high intake levels were 1.41 and 2.34 μg·(kg·d)⁻¹, respectively. The risk population defined with the exposure higher than the TDI proposed by EFSA were proportioned to be 13.90% and 0.50% in infants aged 0-6 months and 6-12 months respectively, indicating a risk that cannot be ignored, and no risk in infants aged 12-36 months. Conclusion Among the investigated infants aged 0-3 years in Shanghai, those aged 0-6 months are at a high risk of exposure to 3-MCPDE. In view of the sensitivity of infants to pollutant exposure, the risk of exposure to 3-MCPDE should be highly concerned.

Objective:To compare the therapeutic effect of polysaccharide iron complex capsule and Shengxuening tablet on renal anemia in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods:Patients who received MHD treatment from April to June 2016 in our dialysis center and met the criteria for iron deficiency anemia were block-randomly divided into two groups: the polysaccharide-iron complex group and the Shengxuening group. Blood routine, iron metabolism biomarkers and biochemical exams were measured before treatment and at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd months after treatment, and the incidence of adverse reactions were recorded. The compliance rate of the two groups was observed and compared, and the block-randomized-statistical methods were used to compare the clinical data of the two groups before and after treatment, and cost-benefit analysis was also conducted.Results:Thirty patients in each group completed follow-up. After three months of treatment, the blood routine and iron metabolism indicators of the two groups were improved. Compared with the Shengxuening group, the polysaccharide iron complex group had higher therapeutic efficiency, and the levels of hemoglobin, transferrin saturation and serum ferritin were higher, and lower use of recombinant human erythropoietin ( P<0.05). The other indexes such as red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (HCT) levels and the effective rate of anemia correction, the effective rate of iron therapy, the effective rate of iron therapy between the two groups were similar. Cost-benefit analysis suggested that the use of polysaccharide iron complexes to treat anemia has lower costs and higher benefits ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Polysaccharide iron complex capsule can better correct anemia and improve iron metabolism, and has low cost-effectiveness, which can effectively reduce medical insurance expenditure. It is a good iron supplementing method in addition to intravenous iron supplement.

Objective To explore the best time window of intake and output volume observation after partial nephrectomy and its predictive value for acute renal injury. Methods The information of totally 134 renal cancer patients with regular subsequent visits after partial nephrectomy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from December 2014 to December 2015 were collected. The intake and urine volume per hour was recorded. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to explore the best time wind of intake and output volume observation and its predictive value for acute renal injury in patients with partial nephrectomy. Results Acute renal injury was found in 19.4% of the 134 patients. The differences between intake and output volumes 10, 14, 16 and 18 h postoperatively in the acute renal injury group were bigger than those in the non acute renal injury group (P＜0.05). According to the multiple regression analysis, the intake and output volume 10 h postoperatively and the time of warm ischemia were the independent risk factors to postoperative renal injury (P＜0.05). The intake and output volume 10 h postoperatively had predictive power to acute renal injury, whose area under the ROC was 0.747 (95%CI:0.592-0.903, P＜0.05). Conclusions The intake and output volume 10 h postoperatively may be the best time window for observing the intake and output volume in patients with acute renal injury after partial nephrectomy.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a kind of metabolic and stress-related liver damage closely related with insulin resistance and inherited susceptibility. Its incidence is increasing recently in China. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of NAFLD,but which is an invasive procedure with certain risks. Therefore,finding a simple and accurate diagnostic method is an eager task,and searching of non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis of NAFLD has become a hot spot of study. This article reviewed the progress in studies on biomarkers for diagnosis of NAFLD.

Objective To investigate the correlations between miRNA and mRNA ( the regulatory effects of miRNA) in a rat model of trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)/ethanol induced ulcerative colitis ( UC) .Methods TNBS and ethanol were used to induce the development of UC in rats .After the modeling procedure and oral administration of normal saline ( NS) for 14 days, rats from the control and model groups were dissected to collect the samples of colonic mucosa .General and histological evaluations were performed to validate the modeling of UC .The expression of miRNA was profiled using miRNA microarray .The target miRNAs that were closely related to the pathogenesis of UC were selected out according to the results of mi -croarray and related literatures .RT-PCR was performed to verify the differentially expressed miRNAs .The mirWalk database was used to predict the target genes of miRNAs .In order to verify whether the predicted results were in accordance with the actual results , the microarray technology was used for mRNA expression profiling .The genes that showed interactions with those miRNAs were screened out .The David database was used for gene annotation .An interaction net between miRNA and mRNA was formed .Results General and histological manifestation of colon tissue samples from the model group were in accordance with the features of UC.Sixty-eight miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed in rats from the model group and the control group (fold change>2, P<0.05, expression mean>7).Six candidate miRNAs were selected as hav-ing close relations to the pathogenesis of UC referring to reported literatures , the expression of which was checked and verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Compared with the control group, 4 miRNAs (miR-146a-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-126a-3p and miR-21-5p) were up-regulated (P<0.01, P<0.05) and 2 miRNAs (miR-200b-3p and miR-145-5p) were down-regulated (P<0.01) in rats with TNBS/ethanol induced UC.Four mRNAs (IL-6, Ccl5, Mapk3 and Smad7) that interacted with the 6 miRNAs were identified based on the results of target gene prediction of the above 6 miRNAs and gene expression pro-filing.The David database was used to annotate the interactions for elucidating their significance in the path -ogenesis of UC .Conclusion A miRNA can regulate many signaling pathways and a signaling pathway can also be regulated by many miRNAs .Therefore , simply inhibiting certain pathways may not radically stop the process of inflammation .Studying the functions of miRNAs and elucidating the correlations between miRNA and mRNA might fundamentally inhibit the development of UC .