Objective To analyze the feasibility of probiotics in delaying the progression of early Alzheimer's disease(AD)based on the changes of brain-gut-microbiota axis factors.Methods A total of 100 patients with early AD who visited Shaoxing 7th People's Hospital from December 2023 to December 2024 were selected and divided into control group(40 cases)and study group(60 cases)based on different treatment methods.The control group was treated with donepezil hydrochloride,while study group was treated with donepezil hydrochloride combined with probiotic preparations.The cognitive function,daily living ability,intestinal flora,and relative expression levels of brain-gut-microbiota axis factors,interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-KB(NF-κB)axis factors were compared before and after treatment in both groups.The clinical efficacy and prognosis monitoring results were also compared.Results The total effective rate and the proportion of patients with a clinical dementia rating score of 0 in study group were higher than those in control group(P＜0.05).The cognitive function and daily living ability scores in study group were higher than those in control group(P＜0.05).The copy numbers of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in study group were higher than those in control group,while the copy numbers of enterococcus and escherichia coli were lower(P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of amyloid-β protein 1-42,IL-6,TNF-α,TLR4,and NF-κB in study group were lower than those in control group,and the levels of 5-HT and GABA were higher(P＜0.05).Conclusion Probiotics can delay the progression of early AD patients and improve clinical efficacy.It is speculated that the mechanism of action may be related to regulating the brain-gut-microbiota axis-mediated LPS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway to restore the intestinal microecology and alleviate neurological inflammation.

Objective To analyze the feasibility of probiotics in delaying the progression of early Alzheimer's disease(AD)based on the changes of brain-gut-microbiota axis factors.Methods A total of 100 patients with early AD who visited Shaoxing 7th People's Hospital from December 2023 to December 2024 were selected and divided into control group(40 cases)and study group(60 cases)based on different treatment methods.The control group was treated with donepezil hydrochloride,while study group was treated with donepezil hydrochloride combined with probiotic preparations.The cognitive function,daily living ability,intestinal flora,and relative expression levels of brain-gut-microbiota axis factors,interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-KB(NF-κB)axis factors were compared before and after treatment in both groups.The clinical efficacy and prognosis monitoring results were also compared.Results The total effective rate and the proportion of patients with a clinical dementia rating score of 0 in study group were higher than those in control group(P＜0.05).The cognitive function and daily living ability scores in study group were higher than those in control group(P＜0.05).The copy numbers of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in study group were higher than those in control group,while the copy numbers of enterococcus and escherichia coli were lower(P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of amyloid-β protein 1-42,IL-6,TNF-α,TLR4,and NF-κB in study group were lower than those in control group,and the levels of 5-HT and GABA were higher(P＜0.05).Conclusion Probiotics can delay the progression of early AD patients and improve clinical efficacy.It is speculated that the mechanism of action may be related to regulating the brain-gut-microbiota axis-mediated LPS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway to restore the intestinal microecology and alleviate neurological inflammation.

Objective: To analyze the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)exposure and rheumatoid arthritis(RA)based on large sample data. Methods: The RA patients(RA group)and non-RA patients(non-RA group)with complete data were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Survey Database in the United States(NHANES)(2005—2014). The logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between 8 monohydroxylated(OH-)PAH metabolites in the urine and RA. Results: A total of 357 RA patients and 5, 256 non-RA participants were included.After adjusting the confounding factors by logistic analysis, the level of OH-PAHs mixture at the highest quartile(Q4)was associated with increased risk of RA compared with that at the lowest quartile(Q1)(OR=1.60, 95%CI: 1.16-2.23). For a single kind of OH-PAHs, the Q4 levels of 1-hydroxynaphthalene(OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.14-2.23), 2-hydroxynaphthalene(OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.19-2.32), 2-hydroxyfluorene(OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.17-2.22), 3-hydroxyfluorene(OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.18-2.27)and 1-hydroxyphenanthrene(OR=1.38, 95%CI: 1.00-1.94)were all associated with significantly increased risk of RA compared with the Q1 level(all P<0.05). However, the Q2 level of 1-hydroxypyrene(OR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.43-0.83)was related to a decreased incidence of RA(P<0.01). Conclusions OH-PAHs mixed exposure is a risk factor for RA.The association between the level of individual OH-PAH and the rate of RA is bidirectional and is depended on the type and concentration of OH-PAHs.

Objective To study the correlation between human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) 14 bp insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and susceptibility to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as poor prognosis in NSCLC.Methods A total of 113 patients with NSCLC and 150 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects were genotyped by PCR to analyze the HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in them.Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation in patients with NSCLC was detected by using amplification refractory mutation system (AMRS).Expression of HLA-G in NSCLC tissues was detected with immunohistochemistry.All patients with NSCLS were followed up to collect survival data, which were further analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method.Results The frequency of HLA-G 14 bp D/D genotype was significantly higher in the patients with NSCLC than that in the healthy subjects (x2=3.907, P=0.048, OR=1.66).Among the patients with NSCLC, HLA-G 14 bp I/I genotype carriers had a shorter overall survival time as compared with that of HLA-G 14 bp I/D or HLA-G 14 bp D/D genotype carriers (P=0.005).Patients who received chemotherapy or radiation had significantly shorter survival time than those received EGFR-targeted therapy (P=0.001).Among patients who were positive for EGFR mutation, HLA-G 14 bp D/D genotype carriers had longer survival time than those carrying HLA-G 14 bp I/I or HLA-G 14 bp I/D genotype (P=0.041).The expression of HLA-G was closely correlated with HLA-G 14 bp polymorphism in patients with NSCLC (P=0.001).Conclusion These data, reported for the first time, indicates that HLA-G 14 bp polymorphism might be a genetic factor related to the susceptibility to NSCLC and associated with survival in patient with NSCLC after excluding the interference of molecular targeted agents.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of clinical antibiotics use special rectification in our hospital. METHODS:100 discharged medical records of typeⅠincision surgery were randomly sampled from our hospital during May in 2010 to Apr. in 2011,May in 2011 to Apr. in 2012,May in 2012 to Apr. in 2013,May in 2013 to Apr. in 2014,totaling 400 records. And then evaluation indicators were analyzed statistically,such as antibiotics use intensity,perioperative DDDs of antibiotics in typeⅠinci-sion surgery,DUI,types of antibiotics during perioperative period,medication time,etc. RESULTS:Since the implementation of clinical antibiotics use special rectification in May 2011,the utilization ratio of antibiotics in typeⅠincision surgery of our hospital decreased from 96% to 33%;DUI decreased from 1.44 to 0.79;while reasonable rate of drug selection increased from 19.8% to 100%,and that of medication time increased from 43.8% to 100%. CONCLUSIONS:Rational medication evaluation indicators in typeⅠincision surgery of our hospital have been improved after the implementation of clinical antibiotics use special rectification.