Cancer is a highly deadly disease, with breast cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer being the most prevalent in women. However, traditional cancer treatments present challenges due to their strong toxic side effects and adverse reactions. Numerous studies have demonstrated that natural products derived from various plants possess therapeutic and preventive properties against cancer. These phytochemicals have been extensively investigated as a potential alternative to conventional chemotherapy drugs, owing to their safety and efficacy. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advances in the chemoprevention and mechanisms of phytochemicals against the four major female cancers. The focus will be on how these phytochemicals regulate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis to impede cancer progression. Given their extensive clinical applications, phytochemicals hold great promise in the field of cancer treatment. It hopes that this review will inspire more researchers to explore the potential of these natural compounds in combating female cancers.

Objective:To predict the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of dementia in China from 2020 to 2040.Methods:The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), incidence number, age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), prevalence number, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and death number of dementia in China from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database. We used the overall change rate and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) to describe the epidemic situation of dementia and compared the trend of dementia between genders. A T-test was used to determine whether EAPC was statistically significant. Every five years, we divided the age into 17 groups to analyze the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of dementia. The prophet model predicted ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, incidence, prevalence, and death from dementia in China from 2020 to 2040.Results:The ASIR, ASPR, and ASMR of dementia showed an increasing trend from 1990 to 2019, with an average annual increase of 0.33%, 0.66%, and 0.15% ( t=10.13, 14.49 and 3.62, all P<0.05). The ASIR, ASPR, and ASMR in males increased faster annually than in females. In 2019, the number of incidence, prevalence, and death from dementia in groups aged≥80 years was the highest among all age groups (685 057 cases, 5 772 861 cases, and 217 827 cases). Prediction results of the prophet model showed that the ASIR, ASPR, and ASMR of dementia were further increased in China from 2020 to 2040, with an average annual increase of 0.55%, 0.78%, and 0.06% ( t=177.63, 161.21, and 7.91, all P<0.05). In 2040, the ASIR, ASPR, and ASMR will reach 117.72/10 5, 940.98/10 5, and 23.64/10 5, respectively. In addition, the number of incidence, prevalence, and death from dementia will show an upward trend from 2020 to 2040. In 2040, the incidence, prevalence, and death will reach 3 334 770 cases, 25 303 146 cases, and 590 138 cases, respectively. Conclusion:From 2020 to 2040, the ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, number of incident cases, number of prevalent cases, and number of deaths due to dementia in China will continue to grow.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of new cryoprotective agents in preserving and transplanting human adipose tissue.Methods:The adipose tissue samples were obtained from healthy adult females who underwent liposuction at the Department of Plastic Surgery of Peking University Third Hospital from January to March 2022. The adipose tissue samples were centrifuged and then randomly divided into 9 groups. These groups were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen using different cryoprotective agents [group A, group B, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group] and cryopreservation times (1-month, 2-month, and 3-month groups), respectively. The cryoprotective agent formulation in group A was dextrose glycoside 40 (DEX), amino acids, vitamins, and inorganic salts. In group B, the formulation included DMSO and DEX. The ratio of cryoprotective agent in the DMSO group was 10% DMSO, 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 70% DMEM-12. For cryopreservation, 5 ml cryogenic tubes were used with a fat to cryoprotective agent ratio of 3∶2, and each group contains 6 tubes for cryopreservation. After thawing the adipose tissue, HE staining was used to observe the histological morphology. Immunohistochemical staining was employed for the quantitative analysis of lipid droplet-encapsulated protein (Perilipin), and the Perilipin positivity rate was calculated by the ratio of the number of positive cells to the total number of cells. Adipocyte viability was assessed using the CCK-8 method. Thirty-eight healthy, clean nude mice were selected and divided into 3 groups of 12 mice each according to the use of different cryoprotective agents (groups A, B, and DMSO), while the other 2 mice were used as the day 0 control group. The mean fat freezing duration for all groups was 3 months. After nude mice were anesthetized intraperitoneally, 0.9 ml of thawed cryopreserved fat was injected into the dorsum bilaterally. The rate of adipose tissue retention was calculated by MRI scanning and three-dimensional software at 1, 2, and 3 months after transplantation, and compared between the groups. The fat grafts were explanted from the mice after they were sacrificed, and then subjected to histological morphology and quantitative analysis of Perilipin by using HE staining and immunohistochemical staining. GraphPad Prism 8.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. The data that conformed to a normal distribution were expressed as Mean ± SD. The overall comparison between multiple groups used analysis of variance for repeated measures. The comparison of data between groups at the same time point used Tukey’s multiple comparison test.Results:The morphology of adipose tissue in different cryoprotective agent groups closely resembled that of normal fresh adipose tissue after being cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for 1-3 months. The difference in the proportion of Perilipin-stained positive cells in each group was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The CCK-8 method indicated that the effect of the DMSO group was superior to groups A and B at 1 and 3 months of cryopreservation ( P<0.01), and that the DMSO group and group B were superior to group A at 2 months of cryopreservation ( P<0.01). In the animal experiments, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the volume retention rate 1-3 months after cryopreserved fat transplantation ( P>0.05). Additionally, the adipose tissues in each group exhibited varying degrees of localized necrosis accompanied by an inflammatory reaction 1-3 months after transplantation. There was no statistically significant difference in the Perilipin staining positivity between the groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The use of new cryoprotective agents for cryopreserving adipose tissue does not show a significant difference compared to the traditional cryoprotective agent. However, it is theoretically safer as it avoids the potential toxic effects of using DMSO or FBS on the human body.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of new cryoprotective agents in preserving and transplanting human adipose tissue.Methods:The adipose tissue samples were obtained from healthy adult females who underwent liposuction at the Department of Plastic Surgery of Peking University Third Hospital from January to March 2022. The adipose tissue samples were centrifuged and then randomly divided into 9 groups. These groups were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen using different cryoprotective agents [group A, group B, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group] and cryopreservation times (1-month, 2-month, and 3-month groups), respectively. The cryoprotective agent formulation in group A was dextrose glycoside 40 (DEX), amino acids, vitamins, and inorganic salts. In group B, the formulation included DMSO and DEX. The ratio of cryoprotective agent in the DMSO group was 10% DMSO, 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 70% DMEM-12. For cryopreservation, 5 ml cryogenic tubes were used with a fat to cryoprotective agent ratio of 3∶2, and each group contains 6 tubes for cryopreservation. After thawing the adipose tissue, HE staining was used to observe the histological morphology. Immunohistochemical staining was employed for the quantitative analysis of lipid droplet-encapsulated protein (Perilipin), and the Perilipin positivity rate was calculated by the ratio of the number of positive cells to the total number of cells. Adipocyte viability was assessed using the CCK-8 method. Thirty-eight healthy, clean nude mice were selected and divided into 3 groups of 12 mice each according to the use of different cryoprotective agents (groups A, B, and DMSO), while the other 2 mice were used as the day 0 control group. The mean fat freezing duration for all groups was 3 months. After nude mice were anesthetized intraperitoneally, 0.9 ml of thawed cryopreserved fat was injected into the dorsum bilaterally. The rate of adipose tissue retention was calculated by MRI scanning and three-dimensional software at 1, 2, and 3 months after transplantation, and compared between the groups. The fat grafts were explanted from the mice after they were sacrificed, and then subjected to histological morphology and quantitative analysis of Perilipin by using HE staining and immunohistochemical staining. GraphPad Prism 8.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. The data that conformed to a normal distribution were expressed as Mean ± SD. The overall comparison between multiple groups used analysis of variance for repeated measures. The comparison of data between groups at the same time point used Tukey’s multiple comparison test.Results:The morphology of adipose tissue in different cryoprotective agent groups closely resembled that of normal fresh adipose tissue after being cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for 1-3 months. The difference in the proportion of Perilipin-stained positive cells in each group was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The CCK-8 method indicated that the effect of the DMSO group was superior to groups A and B at 1 and 3 months of cryopreservation ( P<0.01), and that the DMSO group and group B were superior to group A at 2 months of cryopreservation ( P<0.01). In the animal experiments, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the volume retention rate 1-3 months after cryopreserved fat transplantation ( P>0.05). Additionally, the adipose tissues in each group exhibited varying degrees of localized necrosis accompanied by an inflammatory reaction 1-3 months after transplantation. There was no statistically significant difference in the Perilipin staining positivity between the groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The use of new cryoprotective agents for cryopreserving adipose tissue does not show a significant difference compared to the traditional cryoprotective agent. However, it is theoretically safer as it avoids the potential toxic effects of using DMSO or FBS on the human body.

Objective:To predict the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of dementia in China from 2020 to 2040.Methods:The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), incidence number, age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), prevalence number, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and death number of dementia in China from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database. We used the overall change rate and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) to describe the epidemic situation of dementia and compared the trend of dementia between genders. A T-test was used to determine whether EAPC was statistically significant. Every five years, we divided the age into 17 groups to analyze the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of dementia. The prophet model predicted ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, incidence, prevalence, and death from dementia in China from 2020 to 2040.Results:The ASIR, ASPR, and ASMR of dementia showed an increasing trend from 1990 to 2019, with an average annual increase of 0.33%, 0.66%, and 0.15% ( t=10.13, 14.49 and 3.62, all P<0.05). The ASIR, ASPR, and ASMR in males increased faster annually than in females. In 2019, the number of incidence, prevalence, and death from dementia in groups aged≥80 years was the highest among all age groups (685 057 cases, 5 772 861 cases, and 217 827 cases). Prediction results of the prophet model showed that the ASIR, ASPR, and ASMR of dementia were further increased in China from 2020 to 2040, with an average annual increase of 0.55%, 0.78%, and 0.06% ( t=177.63, 161.21, and 7.91, all P<0.05). In 2040, the ASIR, ASPR, and ASMR will reach 117.72/10 5, 940.98/10 5, and 23.64/10 5, respectively. In addition, the number of incidence, prevalence, and death from dementia will show an upward trend from 2020 to 2040. In 2040, the incidence, prevalence, and death will reach 3 334 770 cases, 25 303 146 cases, and 590 138 cases, respectively. Conclusion:From 2020 to 2040, the ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, number of incident cases, number of prevalent cases, and number of deaths due to dementia in China will continue to grow.

Objective To investigate the influence of Wenyang-Yixin recipe(WYYXR) on NF-κB signal transduction pathway of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods 32 SD rats were divided into 4 groups randomly, sham-operated group, model group, western medicine control group and WYYXR group. Sham-operated group and model group were given physiological saline solution (10 ml/kg),estern medicine control group were treated with fluvastatin (4 mg/kg), and self-made Chinese herb was perfusedinto rats in WYYXR group (1 ml/100 g) each time, once a day, for successive three weeks before model making.The model of ischemia reperfusion of the myocardium was reproduced by ligation of left descending artery for 30 min followed by releasing the ligation for 2 hours in rats. NIK, IKKβ and IκBα protein expression of myocardial tissues in rats were detected by western blotting method. And the levels of NF-κBp65mRNA were determined with RT-PCR. Results Compared with model group, the expressions of NIK, IKKβ and NF-κBp65mRNA were lower, and the protein expression of IκBα was increased in WYYXR group, there were significant differences between the two groups (P=0.004> 0.003, 0.018, 0.004,P<0.05) . Conclusion The Wenyang Yixin Recipe can protect myocardium from MI/RI.

Objective To discuss the precautionary mechanism of atherosclerosis by observing the effect of the treatment of warming yang and supplementing heart qi on inflammaory factors levels in atherosclerosis rat serum. Method 72 rats were divided into 6 groups randomly:normal group,model group,simvastatin group and three groups with different dose of Chinese herbal medicine. An animal model of AS was established by injecting vitamine E in high fat-fed rats. When the model was established successfully,corresponding medicine were supplied for 6 weeks and then the contents of CRP and IL-6 in rat serum were measured. Results The levels of CRP and IL-6 were significantly higher in model groups than the normal group (P