Objective To investigate the effects of asperuloside(ASP)on airway inflammation and the interleukin-6/Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(IL-6/JAK2/STAT3)signaling pathway in juvenile rats with bronchial asthma.Methods A juvenile rat model of bronchial asthma was constructed and randomly separated into a Model group,low,medium,and high dose asperuloside groups(ASP-L,ASP-M,ASP-H groups),and high-dose asperuloside+pathway activator group(ASP-H+CA1 group),with 12 rats in each group.An additional 12 healthy rats were included as Control group.All rats were evaluated for lung function.The number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),and the levels of inflammatory factors in BALF and serum were detected.HE staining was applied to observe the pathological morphology of lung tissue.Western blot was applied to detect the expression of proteins related to the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.Results Compared with Control group,the lung tissue of rats in the Model group showed severe damage and higher levels of inflammatory cell infiltration,the PEF,Cdyn,and FEV/FVC indexes were greatly decreased,the numbers of inflammatory cells(WBC,EOS,NEU,LYM),levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1β,TNF-α,and IL-6)in BALF and serum,and the expression levels of signaling pathway proteins(IL-6,p-JAK2/JAK2,p-STAT3/STAT3)were obviously increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the Model group,with the increase of ASP dosage,the degree of lung tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration of rats in the ASP-L,ASP-M,and ASP-H groups were significantly reduced,the PEF,Cdyn,and FEV/FVC indexes were gradually increased,the numbers of inflammatory cells(WBC,EOS,NEU,LYM),levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1β,TNF-α,and IL-6)in BALF and serum,and the expression levels of signaling pathway proteins(IL-6,p-JAK2/JAK2,p-STAT3/STAT3)were gradually decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the ASP-H group,the lung tissue of rats in the ASP-H+CA1 group showed severe damage,the infiltration of inflammatory cells increased,the PEF,Cdyn,and FEV/FVC indexes were decreased,the numbers of inflammatory cells(WBC,EOS,NEU,LYM),levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1β,TNF-α,and IL-6)in BALF and serum,and the expression levels of signaling pathway proteins(IL-6,p-JAK2/JAK2,p-STAT3/STAT3)were greatly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Asperuloside can improve lung tissue damage,reduce inflammation levels,and improve lung ventilation function in rats with bronchial asthma.Its effect may be related to the regulation of the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of asperuloside(ASP)on airway inflammation and the interleukin-6/Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(IL-6/JAK2/STAT3)signaling pathway in juvenile rats with bronchial asthma.Methods A juvenile rat model of bronchial asthma was constructed and randomly separated into a Model group,low,medium,and high dose asperuloside groups(ASP-L,ASP-M,ASP-H groups),and high-dose asperuloside+pathway activator group(ASP-H+CA1 group),with 12 rats in each group.An additional 12 healthy rats were included as Control group.All rats were evaluated for lung function.The number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),and the levels of inflammatory factors in BALF and serum were detected.HE staining was applied to observe the pathological morphology of lung tissue.Western blot was applied to detect the expression of proteins related to the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.Results Compared with Control group,the lung tissue of rats in the Model group showed severe damage and higher levels of inflammatory cell infiltration,the PEF,Cdyn,and FEV/FVC indexes were greatly decreased,the numbers of inflammatory cells(WBC,EOS,NEU,LYM),levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1β,TNF-α,and IL-6)in BALF and serum,and the expression levels of signaling pathway proteins(IL-6,p-JAK2/JAK2,p-STAT3/STAT3)were obviously increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the Model group,with the increase of ASP dosage,the degree of lung tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration of rats in the ASP-L,ASP-M,and ASP-H groups were significantly reduced,the PEF,Cdyn,and FEV/FVC indexes were gradually increased,the numbers of inflammatory cells(WBC,EOS,NEU,LYM),levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1β,TNF-α,and IL-6)in BALF and serum,and the expression levels of signaling pathway proteins(IL-6,p-JAK2/JAK2,p-STAT3/STAT3)were gradually decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the ASP-H group,the lung tissue of rats in the ASP-H+CA1 group showed severe damage,the infiltration of inflammatory cells increased,the PEF,Cdyn,and FEV/FVC indexes were decreased,the numbers of inflammatory cells(WBC,EOS,NEU,LYM),levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1β,TNF-α,and IL-6)in BALF and serum,and the expression levels of signaling pathway proteins(IL-6,p-JAK2/JAK2,p-STAT3/STAT3)were greatly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Asperuloside can improve lung tissue damage,reduce inflammation levels,and improve lung ventilation function in rats with bronchial asthma.Its effect may be related to the regulation of the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in healthcare facilities in major regions of China in 2023.Methods Clinical isolates collected from 73 hospitals across China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2023 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints.Results A total of 445199 clinical isolates were collected in 2023,of which 29.0％ were gram-positive and 71.0％ were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi) (MRSA,MRSE and MRCNS) was 29.6％,81.9％ and 78.5％,respectively.Methicillin-resistant strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA,MSSE and MSCNS).Overall,92.9％ of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 91.4％ of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis had significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 93.1％ in the isolates from children and and 95.9％ in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 15.0％ for most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,22.5％ and 23.6％ of which were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively .Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.6％ to 10.0％.The resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem was 21.9％ and 17.4％ for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,respectively,and 67.5％ and 68.1％ for Acinetobacter baumannii,respectively.Conclusions Increasing resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still observed in clinical bacterial isolates.However,the prevalence of important crabapenem-resistant organisms such as crabapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a slightly decreasing trend.This finding suggests that strengthening bacterial resistance surveillance and multidisciplinary linkage are important for preventing the occurrence and development of bacterial resistance.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in healthcare facilities in major regions of China in 2023.Methods Clinical isolates collected from 73 hospitals across China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2023 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints.Results A total of 445199 clinical isolates were collected in 2023,of which 29.0％ were gram-positive and 71.0％ were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi) (MRSA,MRSE and MRCNS) was 29.6％,81.9％ and 78.5％,respectively.Methicillin-resistant strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA,MSSE and MSCNS).Overall,92.9％ of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 91.4％ of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis had significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 93.1％ in the isolates from children and and 95.9％ in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 15.0％ for most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,22.5％ and 23.6％ of which were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively .Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.6％ to 10.0％.The resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem was 21.9％ and 17.4％ for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,respectively,and 67.5％ and 68.1％ for Acinetobacter baumannii,respectively.Conclusions Increasing resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still observed in clinical bacterial isolates.However,the prevalence of important crabapenem-resistant organisms such as crabapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a slightly decreasing trend.This finding suggests that strengthening bacterial resistance surveillance and multidisciplinary linkage are important for preventing the occurrence and development of bacterial resistance.

【Objective】 To explore the causes of occupational exposure, so as to prevent occupational exposure that endangering the physical and mental health of staff in blood centers. 【Methods】 Occupational exposure cases reported from May 1, 2014 to April 30, 2020 by Taizhou Blood Center were classified and analyzed in terms of the exposure mode, body parts, post distribution, seniority of operators and whether the operation was carried out as required. 【Results】 From May 1, 2014 to December 31, 2020, 23 cases of occupational exposure (6.66/100000) occurred in Taizhou Blood Center, and the incidence rate was roughly the same in each year. Among the occupational exposure modes, sharp device puncture, wound exposure and mucosal exposure accounted for 65.2% (15/23), 17.4% (4/23) and 17.4% (4/23), respectively. The exposed sites of body were mainly fingers, followed by eyes and mouth. The incidence of occupational exposure of phlebotomist post accounted for 65.2% (15/23), followed by apheresis platelet collection, component preparation and preliminary screening post [21.7% (5/23), 8.7% (2/23) and 4.3% (1/23), respectively, P<0.05]. The incidence of occupational exposure of new staff rotated within one year was 43.5% (10/23), followed by fixed-point staff within 1-5 years and over 5 years [34.8% (8/23) and 21.7% (5/23), respectively], P<0.05. 56.5% (13/23) of occupational exposure was due to employees′ failure to obey the operate as required. 【Conclusion】 Where there is needle contact there is exposure risk. the newer staff are more likely to suffer occupational exposure, and most exposure are caused by non-compliance with the regulations. The establishment of various preventive measures can effectively reduce the incidence of occupational exposure in blood banks and ensure occupational safety.

Objective:To explore the pharmacological mechanism of Danhong injection (DHI) in the treatment of coronary heart disease with angina pectoris from the level of functional modules by modular pharmacological analysis framework. Method:The targets of drug components in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and the angina-related genes in DisGeNET, OMIM and CTD databases were combined to construct the target network of DHI for the treatment of coronary angina pectoris by STRING version 11.0. Functional modules were identified by the molecular complex detection (MCODE), Markov cluster (MCL) and GLay algorithms, and the results were optimized by the minimum network structure entropy algorithm. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was performed on the modules by DAVID version 6.8 bioinformatics analysis platform. Result:By integrating 262 genes related to DHI and 192 genes related to angina pectoris, the target network of DHI for angina pectoris was constructed, including 414 nodes and 6 621 edges. After optimization of the minimum network structure entropy, 12 functional modules (number of nodes>3) were identified by MCODE algorithm, of which the largest module (module 1) has 47 nodes and 962 edges, MCODE score=41.826. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was conducted on the gene network of DHI for angina pectoris and the modules divided by MCODE, and 37 and 58 KEGG signaling pathways were obtained respectively, with the coverage rate of 86.5%. The pathways enriched by the modules could be roughly divided into 11 categories, among which human diseases (45%), signal transduction (17%), and amino acid metabolism (14%) were involved in a large proportion. Module 1 was enriched into 39 pathways, which was signal transduction-related module. Module 3 was amino acid metabolism-related module. Conclusion:The therapeutic effect of DHI on coronary heart disease with angina pectoris is achieved through multiple modules, multiple pathways and multiple functions, mainly by regulating modules related to signal transduction, amino acid metabolism, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, Ca²⁺ and p53 signaling.