Huangqintang， with its accurate efficacy， is a classic formula specialized in treating dysentery recommended and promoted by medical experts from successive generations， and it was included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions （the Second Batch， Han Chinese medicine prescriptions） published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinses Medicine （TCM） in 2023. The method of bibliometrics was applied in this study to conduct textual research on the classic formula Huangqintang and provide a literature reference for the development of modern preparations of Huangqintang. A total of 2 026 pieces of ancient literature were searched with "Huangqintang" as the key word， and 23 pieces of effective data were selected， involving 15 ancient TCM books. The historic evolution， composition， dosage， origin， processing methods， preparation and decocting methods， efficiency， and application of Huangqintang were carefully reviewed. The results showed that Huangqintang was first recorded in the Treatise on Febrile Diseases written by ZHANG Zhongjing. It has the effect of clearing heat， stopping dysentery， regulating the middle， and downbearing counterflow and has become one of the classic formulas widely used in clinical practice. Because of its accurate efficacy， medical experts from later generations have modified it from its original composition. Though many prescriptions have different names， it is the manifestation of physicians' inheritance and development of the thought of ZHANG Zhongjing. Ancient literature showed this prescription had wide indications yet centered on digestive system diseases such as dysentery and abdominal pain. Modern applications of Huangqintang involve digestive， respiratory， ophthalmology and otolaryngology， gynecological， skin， musculoskeletal system， and connective tissue， and this prescription has great potential in treating ulcerative colitis， diarrhea， acute enteritis， and damp-heat dysentery. Through a systematic textual excavation and review of the ancient literature about Huangqintang， the paper has confirmed its key information， so as to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application and new drug development of classic formulas.

[Objective] To investigate the factors associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) abnormalities in multi-ethnic blood donors across five Zang autonomous prefectures in the plateau regions of Qinghai Province, and to provide evidence for ensuring blood safety and formulating screening strategies. [Methods] A retrospective analysis was performed on the ALT abnormal test results of blood donors in the Zang autonomous prefectures of Qinghai from 2022 to 2024. The correlations between ALT levels and factors including gender, age, altitude, and infectious markers were investigated. [Results] The overall ALT unqualified rate among blood donors in this region was 9.01%. Significant differences in ALT levels were observed across genders and age groups (P<0.05). Variations in ALT abnormality rates were also noted among different plateau regions (P<0.05). Overall, ALT values exhibited an increasing trend with rising altitude. The average ALT unqualified rates were 11.19% in Zang donors, 7.96% in Han donors, and 4.79% in donors from other ethnic groups (P<0.05). No statistically significant association was observed between ALT abnormality and the presence of HBV/HCV infectious markers (P>0.05). [Conclusion] In the plateau areas of Qinghai, multi-ethnic blood donors have a relatively high ALT levels and ALT unqualified rates, showing distinct regional characteristics. ALT elevation in voluntary blood donors is related to non-pathological factors such as gender, age, and dietary habits, but not to infectious indicators.

Purpose: Corneal melanoma (CM) is a rare malignancy that develops from melanocytes within the cornea, constituting a minority of all ocular tumors. In this study, we sought to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics correlated with the prognosis of CM patients. Methods: We collected patients with CM between 1983 and 2018 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for univariate analysis to value hazard ratio of malignant CM versus spindle cell melanoma and nodular melanoma subgroups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were also performed to identify additional prognostic markers and confirm the findings of the Cox hazard ratio. Results: A total of 29 eligible patients were collected in our study. Age at diagnosis, laterality, primary site, tumor size, the extent of disease, marital status, income, residential area, and treatment showed no significant prognostic factors for CM patients (p > 0.05). However, when concerned with the primary site of malignant melanoma, spindle cell melanoma and nodular melanoma were found to show significantly poorer prognosis in CM patients (both p < 0.05). Conclusions Age at diagnosis, laterality, primary site, tumor size, the extent of disease, and treatment were not significant prognostic indicators for CM patients. Spindle cell melanoma and nodular melanoma were notable for showing worse survival outcomes than malignant melanoma. Although the sample size in the SEER database was limited, our findings may provide motivation for tailoring individualized treatments for patients with CM with different primary sites.

Purpose: Corneal melanoma (CM) is a rare malignancy that develops from melanocytes within the cornea, constituting a minority of all ocular tumors. In this study, we sought to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics correlated with the prognosis of CM patients. Methods: We collected patients with CM between 1983 and 2018 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for univariate analysis to value hazard ratio of malignant CM versus spindle cell melanoma and nodular melanoma subgroups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were also performed to identify additional prognostic markers and confirm the findings of the Cox hazard ratio. Results: A total of 29 eligible patients were collected in our study. Age at diagnosis, laterality, primary site, tumor size, the extent of disease, marital status, income, residential area, and treatment showed no significant prognostic factors for CM patients (p > 0.05). However, when concerned with the primary site of malignant melanoma, spindle cell melanoma and nodular melanoma were found to show significantly poorer prognosis in CM patients (both p < 0.05). Conclusions Age at diagnosis, laterality, primary site, tumor size, the extent of disease, and treatment were not significant prognostic indicators for CM patients. Spindle cell melanoma and nodular melanoma were notable for showing worse survival outcomes than malignant melanoma. Although the sample size in the SEER database was limited, our findings may provide motivation for tailoring individualized treatments for patients with CM with different primary sites.

BACKGROUND:Research on carbon nanomaterials in the biomedical field is booming,and related scientific research results are increasing year by year.However,visualization analysis of the annual number of publications,the research status of countries,institutions,authors,and research hotspots and trends in this field is relatively scarce. OBJECTIVE:To present the research status of carbon nanomaterials in biomedical field,reveal the main research subjects,explore the research hotspots and development trends,and provide a reference for the future development of this field. METHODS:The core data set of Web of Science was used as the literature source to search the relevant researches on carbon nanomaterials in the biomedical field from 2012 to 2023.The knowledge map was generated by using Citespace software with countries,institutions,authors,keywords,and co-citations as nodes and for visualization analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 2 932 papers were included in this study.In the medical field,carbon nanomaterials had a large number of papers and a fast growth rate.The United States has a large number of papers;China is an emerging force in this field,although the number of papers is the largest,but the level of research and influence need to be improved.The Chinese Academy of Sciences is the largest cooperative network institution,which mainly targets domestic institutions and lacks cooperation with well-known foreign institutions.(2)Keyword analysis displays that the green synthesis method and application of displaying carbon points have been the focus of research,followed by the new method of combining carbon nanomaterials with cancer phototherapy and immunotherapy,the key direction of future research.(3)The dynamic development trend of co-citations suggests that tissue engineering is a hot research topic of carbon nanomaterials in the field of biomedicine,mainly including the research of carbon nanomaterials for the repair and regeneration of heart and nerve tissue and as a bio-ink additive for 3D and 4D bioprinting.(4)In the future,with the development of the biomedical field in the direction of precision and treatment,researchers should speed up the creation of carbon-based systems formed by the combination of scientific and effective carbon nanomaterials with science and technology,new polymers or organic molecules,and new therapeutic methods,so as to give full play to the maximum effect of carbon nanomaterials.

Hepatitis E is an acute and self-limiting viral hepatitis caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV). It has a higher mortality rate among immunosuppressed patients and pregnant women infected with HEV. Although HEV infections in humans are mostly caused by contaminated water or food worldwide, the incidence of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E is continuously rising. Additionally, the prevalence of serum anti-HEV IgG in the blood donors in China is at a relatively high level, making it worth considering screening blood donors for HEV. This article briefly reviews the globally reported cases of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E and the HEV screening strategies for blood donations.

Purpose: Corneal melanoma (CM) is a rare malignancy that develops from melanocytes within the cornea, constituting a minority of all ocular tumors. In this study, we sought to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics correlated with the prognosis of CM patients. Methods: We collected patients with CM between 1983 and 2018 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for univariate analysis to value hazard ratio of malignant CM versus spindle cell melanoma and nodular melanoma subgroups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were also performed to identify additional prognostic markers and confirm the findings of the Cox hazard ratio. Results: A total of 29 eligible patients were collected in our study. Age at diagnosis, laterality, primary site, tumor size, the extent of disease, marital status, income, residential area, and treatment showed no significant prognostic factors for CM patients (p > 0.05). However, when concerned with the primary site of malignant melanoma, spindle cell melanoma and nodular melanoma were found to show significantly poorer prognosis in CM patients (both p < 0.05). Conclusions Age at diagnosis, laterality, primary site, tumor size, the extent of disease, and treatment were not significant prognostic indicators for CM patients. Spindle cell melanoma and nodular melanoma were notable for showing worse survival outcomes than malignant melanoma. Although the sample size in the SEER database was limited, our findings may provide motivation for tailoring individualized treatments for patients with CM with different primary sites.

Objective: To explore the association between mental health and muscle strength among Chinese adolescents aged 13- 18, providing a theoretical foundation and intervention strategies for mental health promotion. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2019 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health, including 98 631 Chinese adolescents aged 13- 18. Psychological distress was assessed by using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and mental well being was measured with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well being Scale (WEMWBS). Based on the gender and age specific Z scores of various test items [grip strength, standing long jump, pull ups (for males), and sit ups (for females)], muscle strength index (MSI) was constructed to evaluate the comprehensive level of muscle strength in adolescents. According to the Dual factor Model (DFM) of mental health, participants were categorized into four groups:troubled, symptomatic but content, vulnerable, and complete mental health. Gender differences were analyzed by using Chi-square tests, trends were tested with Cochran-Armitage tests, and multinomial Logistic regression models were applied to assess associations between muscle strength and mental health among adolescents. Results: In 2019, 37.4% of Chinese adolescents aged 13-18 were reported of high mental distress, and 59.9% were reported of low mental well being. Boys had significantly lower rates of high mental distress (35.3%) and low mental well being (55.6%) compared to girls (39.4%, 64.3%), and the differences were of statistical significance ( χ 2=176.13, 780.42, both P <0.05). In 2019, the rate of complete mental health among adolescents showed a downward trend with increasing age ( χ 2 trend = 258.47) and a gradual upward trend with increasing muscle strength levels ( χ 2 trend =123.14)，and both boys and girls exhibited similar trends ( χ 2 trend =103.83, 168.46; 57.00 , 67.34) (all P <0.05). The results of the unordered multiclass Logistic regression model showed that after controlling for confounding factors such as age and gender, when the completely pathological group as a reference, for every 1 unit increase in MSI in adolescents, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 29% ( OR = 1.29); for every unit increase in the Z-score for pull ups, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 6% ( OR =1.06) among boys; for every 1 unit increase in sit up Z score, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 19% ( OR =1.19) among girls (all P <0.05). Conclusions The mental health status of Chinese adolescents is not good enough. Muscle strength is positively associated with mental health.

Objective: To systematically review the development and changes in mental health policies within the National Outline for Children s Development in China from 1992 to 2030, providing a reference basis for future formulation of mental health policies among children and adolescent in China. Methods: Based on the four editions of the National Outline for Children s Development in China across different periods from 1992 to 2030, word frequency analysis was used to reveal shifts in policy priorities, and an internationally recognized framework for adolescent health policy analysis was applied to conduct a textual review. Results: Word frequency analysis revealed that the term "psychological" appeared 6 times in the National Outline for Children s Development in China (2001-2010) but increased to 20 times in the National Outline for Children s Development in China (2021-2030) (abbreviated as the National Outline of 2021), while the term "health" rose from 4 times in the National Outline for Children s Development Plan in China in the 1990s to 68 times in the National Outline of 2021. The scope of mental health policy interventions expanded to encompass five key areas:health, safety, education, welfare and legal protection. Textual analysis highlighted that the policies of the National Outline for Children s Development in China were demand driven, prioritized vulnerable groups and continuously broadened their coverage, emphasizing sustainability and appropriateness, and monitoring/evaluation mechanisms. By 2023, 42.3% of primary schools and 64.8% of secondary schools employed full time mental health education teachers. However, the National Outline for Children s Development in China lacked direct evidence of children and adolescents participation in policy formulation, and publicly available mental health data disaggregated by age and gender remained limited. Conclusion Mental health policies of children and adolescents in China have evolved from nonexistence to gradual refinement, yet institutionalized channels for youth involvement in policy development and evaluation remain insufficient, and transparency in age and gender specific mental health data needs improvement.

Purpose: Corneal melanoma (CM) is a rare malignancy that develops from melanocytes within the cornea, constituting a minority of all ocular tumors. In this study, we sought to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics correlated with the prognosis of CM patients. Methods: We collected patients with CM between 1983 and 2018 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for univariate analysis to value hazard ratio of malignant CM versus spindle cell melanoma and nodular melanoma subgroups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were also performed to identify additional prognostic markers and confirm the findings of the Cox hazard ratio. Results: A total of 29 eligible patients were collected in our study. Age at diagnosis, laterality, primary site, tumor size, the extent of disease, marital status, income, residential area, and treatment showed no significant prognostic factors for CM patients (p > 0.05). However, when concerned with the primary site of malignant melanoma, spindle cell melanoma and nodular melanoma were found to show significantly poorer prognosis in CM patients (both p < 0.05). Conclusions Age at diagnosis, laterality, primary site, tumor size, the extent of disease, and treatment were not significant prognostic indicators for CM patients. Spindle cell melanoma and nodular melanoma were notable for showing worse survival outcomes than malignant melanoma. Although the sample size in the SEER database was limited, our findings may provide motivation for tailoring individualized treatments for patients with CM with different primary sites.