Objective: To explore the importance of selecting appropriate human antiserum for absorption and elution tests by analyzing two cases in which weak A antigens were detected using this method. Methods: The microcolumn agglutination and tube methods were used to perform ABO blood group typing of the patients. Absorption and elution tests were conducted to detect weak A antigens on red blood cells. Molecular biological methods were employed for genotyping. Results: Serological tests showed that the forward typing results of the two patients were O and B, respectively, and weak anti-A1 antibodies were present in their sera. When O-type human high-titer (anti-A≥256) serum was used for absorption and elution tests, patient 1 eluted anti-A, confirming the presence of weak A antigens on their red blood cells; patient 2 eluted anti-A and anti-AB simultaneously. When B-type human antiserum was used for absorption and elution, patient 2 eluted anti-A, confirming the presence of weak A antigens on their red blood cells as well. Gene sequencing results showed that the genotypes of the two patients were ABO Aw. 04/ABO O. 01. 02 and ABO AEL (c. 410C>T)/ABO B.01, respectively. Conclusion: When absorption and elution tests are needed for weak A/B antigens alone on red blood cells, O-type human high-titer serum can be prioritized. However, when both A and B antigens are present, the human antiserum selected for absorption and elution tests should only react with the weak antigen and not with the normally expressed antigen.

Histone lactylation is a novel type of post-translational modification,where a lactate molecule covalently binds to the lysine residues of histones.This modification plays a key role in cellular metabolic reprogramming,particularly in digestive system tumorigenesis and progression.In recent years,the role of histone lactylation in various malignancies has been increasingly recognized,highlighting its broad impact on tumor biology and clinical potential.This article focused on the research progress of histone lactylation in digestive system cancers,specifically analyzing its mechanisms in major gastrointestinal cancers such as gastric cancer,liver cancer,and colon cancer.Studies have shown that lactylation modifies histone lysine residues directly,regulating tumor cell gene expression and chromatin conformation,thereby promoting tumor proliferation,invasion,and metastasis.Lactylation affects histone-DNA interactions,altering chromatin openness and enhancing the transcriptional activity of oncogenes.In addition,targeted therapies that modulate lactation levels or inhibit lactation-related enzymes,such as lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors,lactate production inhibitors,and specific histone lactonases,are effective in inhibiting tumorigenesis and progression and have demonstrated potential therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models.This article systematically summarized the mechanisms of histone lactylation in various types of gastrointestinal cancers,offering new research directions and theoretical support for targeted therapeutic strategies based on lactylation modification.

Histone lactylation is a novel type of post-translational modification,where a lactate molecule covalently binds to the lysine residues of histones.This modification plays a key role in cellular metabolic reprogramming,particularly in digestive system tumorigenesis and progression.In recent years,the role of histone lactylation in various malignancies has been increasingly recognized,highlighting its broad impact on tumor biology and clinical potential.This article focused on the research progress of histone lactylation in digestive system cancers,specifically analyzing its mechanisms in major gastrointestinal cancers such as gastric cancer,liver cancer,and colon cancer.Studies have shown that lactylation modifies histone lysine residues directly,regulating tumor cell gene expression and chromatin conformation,thereby promoting tumor proliferation,invasion,and metastasis.Lactylation affects histone-DNA interactions,altering chromatin openness and enhancing the transcriptional activity of oncogenes.In addition,targeted therapies that modulate lactation levels or inhibit lactation-related enzymes,such as lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors,lactate production inhibitors,and specific histone lactonases,are effective in inhibiting tumorigenesis and progression and have demonstrated potential therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models.This article systematically summarized the mechanisms of histone lactylation in various types of gastrointestinal cancers,offering new research directions and theoretical support for targeted therapeutic strategies based on lactylation modification.

OBJECTIVE To predict and validate the potential mechanisms of Kaixinsan(KXS)in ameliorating neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease(AD).METHODS Network pharmacology was employed to identify core anti-inflammatory components and key inflammatory targets of KXS for AD.Gene ontology(GO)functional annotation,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment,and molecular docking were performed.Based on these findings,male SD rats were used to establish an AD model via chronic D-galactose induction.The effects of KXS on AD rats were evaluated,including quantitative behavioral score,learning and memory parameters(escape latency,platform crossings,platform quadrant distance and time),organ indexes(heart,liver,spleen,thymus),histopathological alterations in the hippocampus,and expressions of inflammation-related pathway proteins and their upstream/downstream regulators.RESULTS Core anti-inflammatory components of KXS for AD included gomisin B,panaxytriol,gomisin A,enhydrin,vulgarin and panaxydol,while key inflammatory targets involved nuclear factor-kappa B subunit 1(NFKB1),nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p65),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6,Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),tumor necrosis factor,nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3(NLRP3)and caspase-1(CASP1).GO and KEGG pathway enrichment involved inflammatory response,phosphorylation and the NF-κB signaling pathway.Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinities between core components and key targets.Animal experiments demonstrated that,compared to the model group,KXS significantly alleviated histopathological damage(e.g.,neuronal shrinkage,reduced Nissl bodies in hippocampal CA1,CA3,and DG regions),increased organ indexes(except for liver index)and Nissl-stained positive cells,improved learning and memory performance,and reduced behavioral scores(at the 8 and 12 weeks of the experiment)and protein expression of NF-κB p65,phosphorylated NF-κB p65,TLR4,NLRP3,CASP1 and IL-1β.CONCLUSIONS KXS effectively mitigates neuroinflammation,reduces hippocampal neuronal injury,and enhances learning and memory ability in AD rats,potentially through suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway and its upstream/downstream regulators.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of clinical isolates of carbapen-em-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam(CZA).METHODS From Jan.2022 to Dec.2023,totally 63 strains of non-repetitive CZA-resistant CRKP that were isolated for the first time from hospitalized patients of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were enrolled in the study,and 50 strains of CZA-sensitive CRKP were randomly chosen as the research subjects.The drug susceptibility rates of the strains were observed.The drug resistance genes,virulence genes and capsular serotypes of the strains were detected by means of polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The molecular epidemiological characteristics of the strains were observed by using molecular biological techniques such as pulse field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)and multilocus sequence typing(MLST).RESULTS Among the CZA-resistant CRKP strains,45(71.43％)were iso-lated from sputum.The result of drug susceptibility testing showed that the drug resistance rates of the CZA-re-sistant strains to amikacin,aztreonam and minocycline were lower than those of the CZA-sensitive strains(P＜0.05),and the drug resistance rates of the CZA-resistant strains to tigecycline was higher than that of the CAZ-sensitive strains(P＜0.05).The carrying rates of blaKPC,blaNDM,blaSHV-1,blaTEM-1,blaCTX-M,blaqnrS,blaacc(6')-Ib and blarmtB genes of the CZA-resistant strains were relatively high.Among the detected capsular serotypes,K64(n=18,28.57％)was dominant.ST11(n=25,39.68％)was predominant strain among the CZA-resistant CRKP strains.CONCLUSIONS ST11 is dominant among the CZA-resistant CRKP strains.The strains carry with multiple drug resistance genes and virulence genes.The drug resistance rate of the CZA-resistant strains to tigecycline is higher than that of the CZA-sensitive strains,and it is necessary to attach great importance during the clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of clinical isolates of carbapen-em-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam(CZA).METHODS From Jan.2022 to Dec.2023,totally 63 strains of non-repetitive CZA-resistant CRKP that were isolated for the first time from hospitalized patients of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were enrolled in the study,and 50 strains of CZA-sensitive CRKP were randomly chosen as the research subjects.The drug susceptibility rates of the strains were observed.The drug resistance genes,virulence genes and capsular serotypes of the strains were detected by means of polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The molecular epidemiological characteristics of the strains were observed by using molecular biological techniques such as pulse field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)and multilocus sequence typing(MLST).RESULTS Among the CZA-resistant CRKP strains,45(71.43％)were iso-lated from sputum.The result of drug susceptibility testing showed that the drug resistance rates of the CZA-re-sistant strains to amikacin,aztreonam and minocycline were lower than those of the CZA-sensitive strains(P＜0.05),and the drug resistance rates of the CZA-resistant strains to tigecycline was higher than that of the CAZ-sensitive strains(P＜0.05).The carrying rates of blaKPC,blaNDM,blaSHV-1,blaTEM-1,blaCTX-M,blaqnrS,blaacc(6')-Ib and blarmtB genes of the CZA-resistant strains were relatively high.Among the detected capsular serotypes,K64(n=18,28.57％)was dominant.ST11(n=25,39.68％)was predominant strain among the CZA-resistant CRKP strains.CONCLUSIONS ST11 is dominant among the CZA-resistant CRKP strains.The strains carry with multiple drug resistance genes and virulence genes.The drug resistance rate of the CZA-resistant strains to tigecycline is higher than that of the CZA-sensitive strains,and it is necessary to attach great importance during the clinical treatment.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of different doses of epidural oxycodone injection for traction reaction during cesarean sections to determine the optimal dose.Methods Totally 119 cases of parturients who underwent cesarean sections from October 2023 to May 2024 were selected and randomly divided into groups A,B,C and D.All four groups of lying-in women received epidural injection after the umbilical cord was cut.Groups A,B and C were given oxycodone 3 mg,5 mg and 7 mg respectively,and group D was given an equal amount of normal saline.The primary outcomes were documentation of maternal vital signs and traction reaction during the surgery.Secondary outcomes included patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)times within 48 hours and documentation of any postoperative adverse events within 24 hours.Results The comparison of in-tra?operative vital signs among the four groups of patients revealed no statistically significant differences.In groups A,B and C the incidence of traction reactions was significantly lower at 20％,17.2％and 3.3％,respectively,compared to group D at 53.3％,showing statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Additionally,the inci?dence of traction reaction in group C was significantly lower than in group A(P<0.05).Groups A,B and C pro?duced significantly better results than group D in terms of the duration of anesthesia.PCIA presses were substan?tially less in groups A and C than in group D(P<0.05),and group C had a significantly higher total incidence of adverse events than group A and group D(P<0.05).Conclusions Epidural injection of 3 mg,5 mg and 7 mg oxycodone has been proved to significantly reduce traction reaction during cesarean sections while minimally im?pacting intraoperative vital signs.This intervention has the potential to extend the duration of anesthesia,decrease the frequency of PCIA presses.Among these,7 mg is the most effective but has the highest incidence of adverse effects,requiring carefully post?operative monitoring.

Objective To analyze the effect of graded exercise rehabilitation in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and to provide references for clinical nursing practice.Methods A total of 70 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who met the criteria in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of a tertiary hospital in Zunyi City from September to December 2023 were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group(with 35 cases in each group).The experimental group implemented graded exercise rehabilitation based on the Global Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Initiative guidelines,and the control group implemented routine exercise rehabilitation.After intervention,the lung function,blood gas analysis,oxygenation index,6 min walking test and the incidence of complications related to non-invasive mechanical ventilation were compared between the 2 groups.Results Finally,34 cases were included in the experimental group and 35 cases in the control group.After intervention,the forced expiratory volume in the first second of the experimental group was improved compared with the control group(P＜0.05).The 6-minute walking test of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).The total incidence of non-invasive mechanical ventilation-related complications in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in blood gas analysis and oxygenation index between the 2 groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion The implementation of graded exercise rehabilitation based on the Global Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Initiative guidelines can help patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease improve their respiratory function,improve their exercise endurance,and reduce non-invasive mechanical ventilation-related complications.

Objective To analyze the effect of graded exercise rehabilitation in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and to provide references for clinical nursing practice.Methods A total of 70 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who met the criteria in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of a tertiary hospital in Zunyi City from September to December 2023 were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group(with 35 cases in each group).The experimental group implemented graded exercise rehabilitation based on the Global Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Initiative guidelines,and the control group implemented routine exercise rehabilitation.After intervention,the lung function,blood gas analysis,oxygenation index,6 min walking test and the incidence of complications related to non-invasive mechanical ventilation were compared between the 2 groups.Results Finally,34 cases were included in the experimental group and 35 cases in the control group.After intervention,the forced expiratory volume in the first second of the experimental group was improved compared with the control group(P＜0.05).The 6-minute walking test of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).The total incidence of non-invasive mechanical ventilation-related complications in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in blood gas analysis and oxygenation index between the 2 groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion The implementation of graded exercise rehabilitation based on the Global Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Initiative guidelines can help patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease improve their respiratory function,improve their exercise endurance,and reduce non-invasive mechanical ventilation-related complications.

Objective:To compare the effects of different test meals on postprandial triglycerides and to optimize the standard meal composition and the blood sampling protocol for the oral fat tolerance test.Methods:This study is a prospective, open-label, randomized, cross-over trial. In March 2023, 36 volunteers were recruited in Hebei General Hospital. They underwent a health examination and oral glucose tolerance test. Twenty-six healthy volunteers(11 males and 15 females) were included in this study, with an average age of(39.08±4.56) years. Each volunteer received 75 g protein meal, 75 g fat meal, 700 kcal fixed-calorie high-fat mixed meal, and a high-fat mixed meal with energy adjusted based on 10 kcal/kg body weight. A one-week washout period of regular diet was applied before each trial. Blood was collected at fasting status and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after a meal to detect serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), glucose, and insulin. The variations of postprandial metabolic indicators over time following the consumption of different test meals were analyzed. The disparities in postprandial metabolic responses between the two types of mixed meals were compared.Results:The protein meal, fat meal, fixed-calorie high-fat mixed meal, and adjusted-calorie high-fat mixed meal resulted in postprandial triglyceride increases of 22.45%, 115.40%, 77.14%, and 63.63%, and insulin increase of 560.43%, 85.69%, 554.18%, and 598.97%, respectively, and with reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C ranging from 5.64%-21.81%, respectively. The blood glucose changed slightly. Changes in metabolic indicators mainly occured within 4 hours. The comparison of the characteristics of postprandial triglycerides between the two high-fat mixed meals showed no statistically significant differences( P>0.05). Conclusion:A standardize protocol with a 700 kcal fixed-calorie high-fat mixed meal as test meal, and blood lipid levels measured at fasting and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after consumption, can serve as an optimized approach for oral fat tolerance test.