ObjectiveGastrodia elata has evolved ecological types with shortened rhizome internodes and diversified flower and fruit coloration in response to different altitudes. Studying the genetic mechanisms of different ecotype germplasm is significant for guiding variety breeding in different cultivation areas. MethodsThe bHLH gene family was identified based on the whole-genome datasets of G. elata f. elata and G. elata f. glauca. Subsequently， the gene family members were subject to analysis， including gene structure， chromosomal localization， cis-acting elements， gene synteny， and phylogeny. Combined with transcriptome data and quantitative Real-time PCR， the expression patterns of bHLH genes in the stems of the different G. elata ecotype germplasm were analyzed. Finally， correlation analysis was conducted between gene expression patterns and color to obtain the key bHLH genes regulating the color formation of stem. ResultsA total of 63 bHLH genes were identified in both G elata f. elata and G. elata f. glauca， unevenly distributed across 17 chromosomes and clustered into 16 subfamilies， with significant expansion in some family members. Obvious inversions of bHLH genes on the same chromosome and interchromosomal translocations were detected in the two ecotype germplasm. Among these genes， 12 bHLH genes （such as bHLH62-3 and bHLH74） were associated with the bright yellow color of G elata f. elata stem， while 9 bHLH genes （such as PIL13， UNE12， and bHLH130） were correlated with the red color of G. elata f. glauca stem. Compared to G. elata f. glauca， the bHLH48 expression level was significantly higher in flowers and scale leaves of G elata f. elata， and the bHLH62-3 expression level was significantly higher in all organs of G elata f. elata. ConclusionsFunctional pathway divergence of the bHLH family members has occurred across different chromosomes in G elata f. elata and G. elata f. glauca. Through synergism or antagonism with other genes， 21 bHLH genes participate in the coloration metabolic pathway regulation of stems， flowers， and fruits. Specifically， bHLH62-3 is involved in regulating stem color differentiation in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway of G. elata， thus relevant to the color formation of stem. Additionally， GebHLH48 positively regulates flowering-related pathways to promote the early-flowering phenotype of G. elata f. elata. These findings have laid the foundation for analyzing the genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying the color formation of the G. elata stem.

ObjectiveGastrodia elata has evolved ecological types with shortened rhizome internodes and diversified flower and fruit coloration in response to different altitudes. Studying the genetic mechanisms of different ecotype germplasm is significant for guiding variety breeding in different cultivation areas. MethodsThe bHLH gene family was identified based on the whole-genome datasets of G. elata f. elata and G. elata f. glauca. Subsequently， the gene family members were subject to analysis， including gene structure， chromosomal localization， cis-acting elements， gene synteny， and phylogeny. Combined with transcriptome data and quantitative Real-time PCR， the expression patterns of bHLH genes in the stems of the different G. elata ecotype germplasm were analyzed. Finally， correlation analysis was conducted between gene expression patterns and color to obtain the key bHLH genes regulating the color formation of stem. ResultsA total of 63 bHLH genes were identified in both G elata f. elata and G. elata f. glauca， unevenly distributed across 17 chromosomes and clustered into 16 subfamilies， with significant expansion in some family members. Obvious inversions of bHLH genes on the same chromosome and interchromosomal translocations were detected in the two ecotype germplasm. Among these genes， 12 bHLH genes （such as bHLH62-3 and bHLH74） were associated with the bright yellow color of G elata f. elata stem， while 9 bHLH genes （such as PIL13， UNE12， and bHLH130） were correlated with the red color of G. elata f. glauca stem. Compared to G. elata f. glauca， the bHLH48 expression level was significantly higher in flowers and scale leaves of G elata f. elata， and the bHLH62-3 expression level was significantly higher in all organs of G elata f. elata. ConclusionsFunctional pathway divergence of the bHLH family members has occurred across different chromosomes in G elata f. elata and G. elata f. glauca. Through synergism or antagonism with other genes， 21 bHLH genes participate in the coloration metabolic pathway regulation of stems， flowers， and fruits. Specifically， bHLH62-3 is involved in regulating stem color differentiation in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway of G. elata， thus relevant to the color formation of stem. Additionally， GebHLH48 positively regulates flowering-related pathways to promote the early-flowering phenotype of G. elata f. elata. These findings have laid the foundation for analyzing the genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying the color formation of the G. elata stem.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Polygonatum neutral polysaccharides from sibiricum （PSP-NP） on colon injury in mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group， a COPD model group， and a PSP-NP group. The COPD model was established using smoke exposure combined with intranasal LPS administration. The PSP-NP group was simultaneously treated daily with 200 mg/kg of PSP-NP via intragastric gavage， while the other groups received an equal volume of saline. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the colon. ELISA was employed to detect the levels of LPS in serum and the expressions of ZO-1， Occludin， IL-6， and TNF-α in colon tissue. UPLC-MS was used to detect the types and contents of bile acids in colonic content， and to screen for differential bile acids. Differential microbial flora were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing， and correlation analysis was conducted with differential bile acids. PSP-NP was combined with the differential bile acids cholic acid （CA）， and deoxycholic acid （DCA） in vitro to analyze the binding capacity of PSP-NP for CA and DCA. PSP-NP was applied to NCM460 normal colonic epithelial cells cultured in CA and DCA. Cell migration ability was assessed using the scratch assay， and the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α， IL-6， and NF-κB were measured by RT-qPCR. ResultsPSP-NP effectively improved colonic damage in COPD model mice， enhanced mechanical barrier function， alleviated inflammatory response， and regulated abnormal changes in colonic flora and bile acid metabolism. Correlation analysis further revealed that PSP-NP regulated colonic bile acid metabolism and reduced the redundancy of secondary bile acids by increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidota， Verrucomicrobiota， Bacteroides， and Akkermansia， while decreasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Notably， in vitro binding assays demonstrated that PSP-NP bound to differential bile acids DCA and CA， with the strongest binding capacity for DCA at 58.2%. In cellular functional studies， DCA inhibited the migration ability of colonic epithelial cells NCM460 and significantly increased the relative mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α， IL-6， and NF-κB. Importantly， co-treatment with PSP-NP significantly ameliorated the impact of DCA on NCM460 cells. ConclusionsPSP-NP may significantly improve colonic damage in COPD model mice. The mechanism may involve the regulation of colonic bile acid metabolism and bile acid profiles through both microbial modulation and direct binding， thereby reducing the damage caused by secondary bile acids such as DCA to colonic epithelial cells.

One case of multi-dimensional cervical disorder was diagnosed and treated using jingjin (sinew/muscle) theory. According to the patient's symptoms, guided by jingjin theory, this case was diagnosed as the jingjin (muscle region) disorder of foot-taiyang. On the distribution of the muscle region of foot-taiyang, the distal junctions of the muscle region, Kunlun (BL60) and Feiyang (BL58), as well as the knotted sites, Wangu (GB12), Tianzhu (BL10) and Cuanzhu (BL2) were the keys in the distal acupuncture technique along meridian. After three treatments, the movement of neck region was recovered, the foreign body sensation while swallowing and the discomforts in the supraclavicular fossa disappeared.
Humans ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Meridians ; Cervical Vertebrae/pathology*

Extended reality(XR)technology includes virtual reality(VR),augmented reality(AR)and mixed reality(MR)Combining virtual environments with physical world,the extended reality(XR)technology has great potential in rehabilitation of patients with stroke.This article reviews the intervention effects of XR technology on the functions of limb,swallowing,speech and cognition and psychological outcomes in patients with stroke.Based on this review,issues in application of XR are identified and targeted solutions are proposed,thereby offering a guidance for application of XR technology in stroke rehabilitation in China.

Objective: To investigate the effects of polydatin on a high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) mouse model and hepatoma G2(HepG2) cell model, and to reveal its potential molecular mechanisms. Methods: Thirty 6-week-old male SPF C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal diet group and a high-fat diet group. After the NAFLD mouse model was established in the high-fat diet group, they were further divided into a model group and a polydatin treatment group. The polydatin treatment group was administered polydatin by gavage at a dose of 250 mg/(kg·d) for 10 weeks, during which body weight was monitored and oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. At the end of the experiment, a series of tests to evaluate the effects of polydatin on mouse liver weight, blood lipids, liver lipid accumulation, and liver injury markers were performed. The expression of G0/G1 switch gene 2(G0S2) and adipose triglyceride lipase(ATGL) was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot, and gene expression was further verified using immunohistochemical staining. The effects of polydatin on HepG2 cell activity was assessed by CCK-8 assay, lipid accumulation was observed by oil red O staining, and the expression of G0S2 and ATGL was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results: Polydatin significantly reduced the body weight, liver weight, and serum and liver tissue levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), triglyceride(TG), and total cholesterol (TC) in mice (P < 0. 05) , al⁃leviated pathological liver damage , decreased G0S2 expression (P < 0. 05) , and increased ATGL expression (P <0. 05) . At the cellular level , polydatin reduced lipid droplet accumulation , improved lipid metabolism , decreased G0S2 expression ( P < 0. 05 ) , and increased ATGL expression ( P < 0. 05 ) . Even in cells with knockdown of G0S2 , polydatin still promoted fat decomposition (P < 0. 01) . Conclusion Polydatin promotes hepatic fat break⁃down by regulating the expression of G0S2 and ATGL , helping to alleviate metabolic disorders and liver damage in the NAFLD mouse model caused by a high⁃fat diet , offering a new strategy for treating NAFLD.

Extended reality(XR)technology includes virtual reality(VR),augmented reality(AR)and mixed reality(MR)Combining virtual environments with physical world,the extended reality(XR)technology has great potential in rehabilitation of patients with stroke.This article reviews the intervention effects of XR technology on the functions of limb,swallowing,speech and cognition and psychological outcomes in patients with stroke.Based on this review,issues in application of XR are identified and targeted solutions are proposed,thereby offering a guidance for application of XR technology in stroke rehabilitation in China.

OBJECTIVE To understand the drug resistance,serotypes,virulence-associated genes and epidemiologi-cal characteristics of group B Streptococcus(GBS)isolated from puerpera in this area so as to provide bases for prevention of mother-to-infant infections.METHODS Totally 67 strains of GBS were isolated from obstetrics out-patient department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from Jan.2023 to Dec.2023.The spe-cies of the strains were identified by VITEK MS,the drug susceptibility testing was carried out by disc diffu-sion method.Multilocus sequencing types,capsular types,virulence genes and drug resistance genes were analyzed by means of whole genome sequencing technique.RESULTS The 67 strains of GBS were sensitive to penicillin,vancomycin,ceftriaxone and linezolid;the drug resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin were 76.12％and 55.22％,respectively.All strains fell into 7 serotypes,with serotype V predominant;21 sequence types were in-volved,with ST529 most prevalent;8 clonal complexes(CCs)were involved,with CC12 most common.Totally 17 types of drug resistance genes were identified,and the carrying rate of macrolide resistance gene ErmB was highest.Among all the virulence genes except for the adhesion genes fbsA and fbsB,the carrying rates of 18 genes involving in invasion,adhesion,and immune evasion-associated virulence genes were more than 86.57％;67.16％of the strains co-expressed both PI-1 and PI-2a pilus islands.CONCLUSIONS The drug resistance rate of the GBS strains isolated from the puerpera is high,and the strains carry multiple drug resistance genes and viru-lence genes and present with molecular clonal diversity.The serotype V/ST529 is the predominant clone,for which the prevention and control should be strengthened.

Objective To explore the short-term efficacy and safety of programmed death receptor-1(PD-1)antibody combined with chemoradiotherapy in early high-risk nasal extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma(ENKTCL,Nomogram modified risk index ≥1).Methods This study was a prospective phase Ⅱclinical study.A total of 20 patients with stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ nasal ENKTCL initially treated in the Affiliated Hospi-tal of Guizhou Medical University from June 2021 to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects.They were given 3 cycles of PD-1 antibody+P-Gemox(pegaspargase+gemcitabine+oxaliplatin)regimen induced immunochemotherapy and 3 cycles of PD-1 antibody concurrent immunoradiotherapy,14 d/cycle.The com-plete response(CR)rate after 3 cycles of induced immunochemotherapy,CR rate after treatment,objective re-sponse rate(ORR)after 3 cycles of induced immunochemotherapy and ORR after comprehensive treatment,occurrence of adverse reactions and plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA copy number were observed.Results Af-ter 3 cycles of induction immunochemotherapy,the CR rate was 35.0％(7/20)and ORR was 90.0％(18/20).After the concurrent immunoradiotherapy,the CR rate was 95.0％(19/20)and ORR was 100.0％(20/20).The adverse reactions were mainly the grade 1/2.the immune-related adverse reactions included 9 ca-ses of grade 1/2 hypothyroidism(45.0％),4 cases of grade 1 capillary vessel hyperplasia(20.0％),1 case(5.0％)of grade 2 infusion reaction,and no immune myocarditis occurred.All 7 cases of positive EBV DNA turned to negative after 3 cycles of induced immunochemotherapy.Conclusion PD-1 antibody combined with P-Gemox in the radiotherapy of early high-risk ENKTCL has a high short-term remission rate with good tol-erance for treatment.

Objective:To explore the correlation between the lesion imaging characteristics and the parent artery plaques detected by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) in patients with recent small subcortical infarction (RSSI) in the lenticulostriate artery territory with mild stenosis of the parent artery.Methods:Consecutive patients with RSSI in the lenticulostriate artery territory admitted to Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to December 2022 were prospectively enrolled. Patients with stenosis of <50% in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) who had completed HR-MRI were included. The RSSI lesion characteristics, such as the lowest slice involved (LS), total number of slices involved (TNS) were evaluated based on serialized axial levels of diffusion weighted imaging. HR-MRI was utilized to assess the presence of dorsal superior plaques in the M1 segment of the responsible MCA. Patients were divided into plaque group and non-plaque group based on the presence or absence of plaque. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the lesion characteristics associated with the presence of dorsal superior plaques in the MCA. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to estimate the predictive efficacy of these parameters for MCA plaques using the area under the curve (AUC) and the optimal cut-off point.Results:A total of 112 patients were incorporated into the final analysis. The age of these patients was (57.08±11.90) years, and 78 patients (69.64%) were male. Plaques were detected on the dorsal superior wall of the MCA in 57 cases (50.89%) as the plaque group, and the other 55 cases (49.11%) were regarded as the non-plaque group. Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that LS was significantly associated with MCA plaques ( OR=0.674, 95% CI 0.485-0.937, P=0.019). The optimal cut-off point (LS≤1) was determined by ROC curve analysis (AUC=0.640, P=0.007). Conclusion:The findings suggest that in RSSI patients with mild stenosis of the parent artery, an LS≤1 is notably associated with the presence of dorsal superior plaques on MCA as detected by HR-MRI.