Objective:To explore the correlation between peripheral blood B cell count and clinical features and prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL).Methods:The relationship of peripheral blood B cell count with clinical features,laboratory indexes and prognosis in 67 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL was retrospectively analyzed.Results:Patients were divided into low B-cell count group(B cell＜0.1 × 109/L,n=34)and high B-cell count group(B cell≥0.1 × 109/L,n=33)according to the median B cell count values.Compared with the high B cell count group,the low B cell count group had a higher proportion of patients with Lugano stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,elevated LDH,elevated β2-MG and IPI score 3-5 and increased CRP(P=0.033,0.000,0.023,0.001,0.033).The peripheral CD3+and CD4+cell counts of patients in the low B cell count group were significantly lower than those in the high B cell count group(P=0.010,0.017).After initial treatment,overall response rate(ORR)and complete remission(CR)rate in high B cell count group were significantly higher than those in low B cell count group(P=0.032,0.013).The median follow-up time of patients was 23(2-77)months,progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)of patients in the high B cell count group were significantly better than those in the low B cell count group(P=0.001,0.002).Univariate analysis showed that pretreatment low B cell count in the peripheral blood was associated with shortened PFS and OS(HR=4.108,P=0.002;HR=8.218,P=0.006).Multivariate analysis showed that low B cell count was an independent prognostic factor for shortened PFS(HR=3.116,P=0.037).Conclusion:Decreased peripheral blood B cell count in newly diagnosed DLBCL patients is associated with high-risk clinical features and may affect the efficacy of immunochemotherapy,which is associated with poor clinical prognosis.

Defensive behaviors induced by innate fear or Pavlovian fear conditioning are crucial for animals to avoid threats and ensure survival. The zona incerta (ZI) has been demonstrated to play important roles in fear learning and fear memory, as well as modulating auditory-induced innate defensive behavior. However, whether the neuronal subtypes in the ZI and specific circuits can mediate the innate fear response is largely unknown. Here, we found that somatostatin (SST)-positive neurons in the rostral ZI of mice were activated by a visual innate fear stimulus. Optogenetic inhibition of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI resulted in reduced flight responses to an overhead looming stimulus. Optogenetic activation of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI induced fear-like defensive behavior including increased immobility and bradycardia. In addition, we demonstrated that manipulation of the GABAergic projections from SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI to the downstream nucleus reuniens (Re) mediated fear-like defensive behavior. Retrograde trans-synaptic tracing also revealed looming stimulus-activated neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) that projected to the Re-projecting SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI (SC-ZIr^SST-Re pathway). Together, our study elucidates the function of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI and the SC-ZIr^SST-Re tri-synaptic circuit in mediating the innate fear response.
Mice ; Animals ; Zona Incerta/metabolism* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Fear/physiology* ; Somatostatin/metabolism*

BACKGROUND: With the rapid spread of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) worldwide and the escalation of prevention and control efforts, the routine medical needs of patients have been restricted. The aims were to investigate medical needs of lung cancer patients and their mental health status during the epidemic periods, so as to provide rational recommendations for subsequent diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: The questionnaire was sent in the form of an electronic questionnaire at 7am on 4th, March, 2020, until 7am 6th, March, 2020, 368 questionnaires were recollected from 25 provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities) in 48 h. RESULTS: Of the 368 patients, 18 patients were excluded as they didn't receive anti-tumor treatment, and 350 patients were included in the final analysis. 229 cases were treated with oral targeted drugs, and 121 cases were treated with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. 41.3% of patients treated with intravenous chemotherapy or immunotherapy experienced treatment discontinuation, and the proportion of treatment discontinuation in chemotherapy or immunotherapy was higher than those treated with oral targeted drugs (21.0%). Whether oral targeted drugs or intravenous chemotherapy or immunotherapy, more than 60% of patients experienced delays in imaging examinations. Nearly one third of patients developed new symptoms or exacerbation of existing symptoms. 26.6%-28.9% of patients have changed their treatment plans through online consultation. During novel coronavirus pneumonia, 40%-75% of lung cancer patients have mental health problems, and more than 95% of patients support government's prevention and control measures. CONCLUSIONS During the emergence of NCP, the medical needs of patients with lung cancer have not been enough, especially those who discontinued chemotherapy or immunotherapy. When medical institution resumes work, priority should be given to them. At the same time, mental health problems of patients should be valued and resolved timely.
Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; physiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia ; epidemiology ; virology ; Pneumonia, Viral ; epidemiology ; virology ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE：To evaluate guidelines f or health technology assessment （HTA）at home and abroad ，and to provide reference for scientific formulation of HTA guidelines in China. METHODS ：Databases including PubMed ，Embase，Guidenlines International Network and 83 official websites from 26 countries governments and academic organizations were searched to collect HTA guidelines from inception to April 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature and extracted data ，including basic characteristics， content of guideline and assessment content. Then a descriptive analysis was conducted. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：A total of 19 guidelines published during 2001 to 2018 were included ，7 guidelines（36.8％）were published in 2015-2020；in addition to 1 guideline from WHO ，14 guidelines （73.7％）were published in Europeand ，2 guidelines（10.5％） in North America and 1 guideline each from South America and Asia （5.3％）. There were 11 guidelines（57.9％）developed by academic organizations and 8 guidelines（42.1％）by health administration ；11 guidelines（57.9％）were evidence-based ，while the others weren ’t evidence- based （42.1％）. The purpose ，content and object of assessment are demonstrated in 19 guidelines；18 guidelines specified the assessment method （94.7％），and 16 guidelines（84.2％）defined the subject of assessment ；14 guidelines （73.7％）specified the HTA assessment process ；12 guidelines（63.3％）mentioned the conflict of interest in HTA assessment process；7 guidelines（36.8％）mentioned the application of assessment results. There are some differences in the formulation methods and contents of HTA guidelines in foreign countries ，but the core contents ar e basically the same. At present ，there is a lack of HTA guidelines in China. We can refer to foreign guidelines，and establish applicable HTA guidelines which aresuitable for national conditions ，so as to provide scientific guidance for HTA research.

Objective:To observe the effect of Chinese herbal compound Siwu decoction (SW) on radiation injury of zebra fish blood system, and to clarify whether zebra fish is a suitable model for this study. Methods:Totally 72 of 4-month-old adult male zebra fish ( Danio Rerio) with body weight ranging from 0.14 to 0.20 g were used in all the experiments, where 36 zebra fish were taken to observe the hemodynamic changes after radiation, and the other 36 zebra fish were used to study the intervention effect of Siwu decoction on the blood injury after radiation. Zebra fish was irradiated with 20 Gy of 60Co gamma-rays at a dose rate of 97.33 cGy/min. For the hemodynamic study, the peripheral blood and whole kidney marrow cells (WKMCs)of irradiated zebra fish and non irradiated control were collected on days 7, 14 and 30 after irradiation, respectively, and the cell number was detected by flow cytometry. For the Siwu decoction treatment, 36 zebra fish were randomly divided into non-irradiation group, irradiation group, SW2 000 group ( Siwu decoction was diluted by 2 000-fold) and SW5 000 group ( Siwu decoction was diluted by 5 000-fold). Siwu decoction was given on the second day after irradiation. Then the peripheral blood and WKM cells of zebra fish were collected at 7 d after irradiation for further analysis. Results:After irradiation, the dynamic of blood development of zebra fish were obviously changed with the most blood cell ablation at 7 d post-irradiation. The total number of peripheral blood cells and WKM cells decreased by 26% and 52%( t=4.535, 28.987, P<0.05), the number of myeloid monocytes, lymphocytes, and red blood cells in the WKM decreased by 46%, 79% and 33%( t=18.457, 66.900, 9.872, P<0.05), and the number of precursor cells decreased by 49% ( P>0.05). The numbers of these blood cells were partly recovered at 14 d after irradiation and returned to the normal level at 30 d after irradiation. In comparison with irradiation alone group, the numbers of WKM cells, myeloid monocytes, progenitor cells, lymphocytes and red blood cells increased by 57%, 125%, 81% and 35%, respectively ( t=12.128, 21.594, 15.473, 4.594, P<0.05), and peripheral red cells did not increase significantly in the SW5 000 group after irradiation. However, SW2 000 had no significant influence on radiation injury of zebra fish blood cells ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Radiation injury of the blood system of zebra fish could be recovered at a month after irradiation, and this radiation damage could be partly intervened by Siwu decoction at a suitable concentration, which provides a reference for the study of blood system regulation of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To observe the effect of two kinds of Kinesio taping methods on shoulder pain in hemiplegic patients with stroke during spasm period. Methods From October,2015 to September,2017,75 stroke hemiplegic patients with shoulder pain during spasm period were randomly divided into group A(n=25),group B(n=25)and control group(n=25).Three groups were given conventional treatment,and group A and group B received two kinds of Kinesio taping methods,respectively.Be-fore and four weeks after treatment,the shoulder pain was assessed with Visual Analogue Scale(VAS),the motor function of upper limb was assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),and their activities of daily living was assessed with modified Barthel Index(MBI). Results After treatment, the score of VAS significantly decreased in all groups (P<0.001), and was lower in groups A and B than in the control group(P<0.05),especially in group A(P<0.01);the scores of FMA and MBI signifi-cantly increased(P<0.001),and was higher in groups A and B than in the control group(P<0.05),especially in group A(P<0.05). Conclusion Kinesio taping combined with rehabilitation training for the treatment of stroke patients following hemiple-gia during spasm period can relieve the shoulder pain and improve the motor function of upper limb and activi-ties of daily living.The curative effect varies with different taping methods.

Sophora moorcroftiana (S. moorcroftiana) is an endemic leguminous dwarf shrub in Tibet, China. Decoctions of the seeds have been used in Chinese folk medicine for dephlogistication, detoxication, and infectious diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the constituent and biological effects of polysaccharides from S. moorcroftiana seeds in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Polysaccharides from S. moorcroftiana seeds (SMpol) were extracted with 60% ethanol and constituent was analyzed by GC-MS. SMpol was composed of glucose, galactose and inositol in the molar ratio of 35.7 : 1.3 : 17.0. Synchronized worms were treated with SMpol and then lifespan, motility, reproduction, stress resistance and antimicrobial activity were examined. Compared with the control group, the lifespan was increased to the average of 27.3 days and the number of laying eggs showed a 1.3-fold increase in nematodes treated with SMpol (4 mg·mL). In SMpol (4 mg·mL) treated worms, there was a 1.1-fold increase in 24-h survival of acute heat stress and a 1.6-fold increase in 2-h survival of oxidative stress The colonization of the bacteria in the SMpol treated nematode was significantly lower than that of the untreated group by 68.3%. In vivo studies showed SMpol significantly extended the life span, improved reproduction, increased stress resistance and antimicrobial capacity of C. elegans. In conclusion, those results indicated that the polysaccharides from S. moorcroftiana seeds were involved in a variety of biological activities leading to its modulatory effects on C. elegans which may be developed as a natural supplement agent.
Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; drug effects ; physiology ; Longevity ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Reproduction ; drug effects ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Sophora ; chemistry ; Stress, Physiological ; drug effects

Siegesbeckia pubescens (SP) has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of and inflammatory diseases.However,the activities of SP against hepatocellular carcinoma and the related mechanisms remain unclear.The present study aimed to examine the effects of the essential oil of SP (SPEO) on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the possible mechanisms.The growth inhibition of HepG2 cells was analyzed by MTT assay.Hoechst 33258 and fluorescence microscopy were utilized to observe the nuclear morphological changes of apoptotic cells.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and cell cycle.The expressions of the target proteins were detected by Western blotting.The results showed that SPEO obviously inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.SPEO activated a series of apoptotic proteins in HepG2 cells,increasing expression levels of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9,and decreasing the bcl-2 expression level.SPEO displayed promising anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activities in vitro,partly by inducing apoptosis in HepG2 cells through activating the mitochondrial pathway.

To investigate oral health status in the residents of Sichuan Province, southwest China, a cross-sectional study was performed using the latest Oral Health Survey Basic Methods recommended by the World Health Organization. A multistage stratified random cluster-sampling method was used to enroll participants from the following three groups: children aged 3–5 years, adolescents aged 12 years, and people aged 65–74 years. In these three groups, the mean numbers of teeth that were affected by caries were 3.28, 0.86 and 5.13, respectively, resulting in a prevalence of 63.47%, 37.20%and 83.20%, respectively. Relative to the high rate of decayed teeth, the prevalence of fillings was very low in all age groups (0.97%, 7.24% and 5.43%, respectively). In the 12-year-old adolescent group, only 3.61%had good pit and fissure sealing. In addition, the rate of dental fluorosis was 24.80%, and the Community Fluorosis Index value was 0.39. In the elder group, the community periodontal index was 2.92. The prevalence in the elderly of having lost at least one tooth was 75.54%. Additionally, 4.44%of these participants were edentulous. The incidence of dental prosthesis was 51.75%, the proportion with a removable partial denture, a fixed denture, full dentures, dental implants and an informal fixed bridge was 21.59%, 11.45%, 4.64%, 0 and 16.67%, respectively. In this study, 8.2%of the elderly participants were affected by different types of oral mucosal lesions. Among such lesions, recurrent aphthous ulcers were most prevalent (2.69%) and oral lichen planuses were second (1.6%). The conclusion presented in this survey is that oral diseases, especially dental caries and periodontal disease, are frequent and common in Sichuan province, China. Moreover, the treatment rate is very low, and primary prevention and treatment options are therefore urgently needed in this population.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to verify the reliability of the alcoholic liver disease (ALD)/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) index (ANI) for distinguishing ALD in patients with hepatic steatosis from NAFLD, and to investigate whether ANI combined with γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) would enhance the accuracy of diagnosis in China. METHODS: A hundred thirty-nine cases of fatty liver disease (FLD) were divided into two groups of ALD and NAFLD. The ANI was calculated with an online calculator. All indicators and ANI values were analyzed using statistical methods. RESULTS: ANI was significantly higher in patients with ALD than in those with NAFLD (7.11 ± 5.77 vs. -3.09 ± 3.89, p < 0.001). With a cut-off value of -0.22, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of diagnosed ALD cases was 87.1%, 92.5%, and 0.934 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.879 to 0.969), respectively. The corresponding values for aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and GGT were 75.29%, 72.94%, and 0.826 (95% CI, 0.752 to 0.885); 94.34%, 83.02%, and 0.814 (95% CI, 0.739 to 0.875) and 80.23%, 79.25%, and 0.815 (95% CI, 0.740 to 0.876), respectively. ANI AUROC was significantly higher than the AST/ALT, MCV, or GGT AUROCs (all p < 0.001), moreover, ANI showed better diagnostic performance. The combination of ANI and GGT showed a better AUROC than ANI alone (0.976 vs. 0.934, p = 0.016). The difference in AUROCs between AST/ALT, MCV, and GGT was not statistically significant (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ANI can help distinguish ALD from NAFLD with high accuracy; when ANI was combined with GGT, its effectiveness improved further.
Alcoholics* ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; China ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Fatty Liver* ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; Humans ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic* ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transferases*