Biomolecular condensates are formed through phase separation of biomacromolecules such as proteins and RNAs. These condensates exhibit liquid-like properties that can futher transition into more stable material states. They form complex internal structures via multivalent weak interactions, enabling precise spatiotemporal regulations. However, the use of inconsistent and non-standardized terminology has become increasingly problematic, hindering academic exchange and the dissemination of scientific knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the terminology related to biomolecular condensates in order to clarify concepts, promote interdisciplinary cooperation, enhance research efficiency, and support the healthy development of this field.

Objective:A model for predicting sentinel lymph node metastasis was established based on positron emission tomography(PET)-related metabolic parameters and clinicopathological characteristics.Methods:A retro-spective analysis was conducted on 211 patients diagnosed with breast cancer through surgical pathology from January 2016 to March 2023 in Meizhou People's Hospital,who underwent whole-body PET/CT examinations prior to surgery.Clinical,pathological,and PET-related metabolic parameters were collected.The study analyzed the association be-tween clinicopathological characteristics of the primary breast cancer lesion,PET metabolic parameters,and sentinel lymph node metastasis.A logistic regression predictive model was constructed using Broussonetia papyrifera.Results:Breast cancer primary lesion PET-suspicious axillary lymph nodes,vascular tumor thrombus,estrogen receptor(ER),and progesterone receptor(PR)showed statistically significant differences between the two groups(all P<0.05),while maxi-mum tumor diameter,SUVmax tumor location,maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax),metabolic tumor volume(MTV),total lesion glycolysis(TLG),tumor location,number of lesions,pathological type,histological grade,neural inva-sion,Homo sapiens epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2),and nuclear-associated antigen Ki-67(Ki-67)showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups(all P>0.05).Parameters with P<0.05 in the univariate analysis were subjected to multivariate logistic regression analysis,and the logistic regression model was established as Logit(P)=-0.437×vascular tumor thrombus+4.685×suspicious axillary lymph node metastasis.The predictive model AUC was 0.738(P<0.001,95%CI:0.664～0.812),with sensitivity and specificity of 63.4%and 74.4%,respectively.Con-clusion:PET findings of the primary breast cancer lesion regarding suspicious axillary lymph node metastasis,vascular tumor thrombus,ER and PR are associated with sentinel lymph node metastasis.The predictive model established based on PET-detected suspicious axillary lymph node metastasis and vascular tumor thrombus in primary breast cancer lesions has certain value in predicting sentinel lymph node metastasis,potentially providing a non-invasive examination modality for clinical practice.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To report the nationwide surveillance results of pathogenic profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Gram-positive bloodstream infections in China in 2023.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-posttive bacteria from blood cultures were collected in member hospitals of National Bloodstream Infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）during January to December 2023. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the dilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. Statistical analyses were conducted using WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software.Results:A total of 4 385 Gram-positive bacterial isolates were obtained from 60 participating center. The top five pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus（ n=1 544，35.2%），coagulase-negative Staphylococci（ n=1 441，32.9%）， Enterococcus faecium（ n=574，13.1%）， Enterococcus faecalis（ n=385，8.8%），and α-hemolytic Streptococci（ n=187，4.3%）. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci（MRCNS）was 26.2%（405/1 544）and 69.8%（1 006/1 441），respectively. Notably，all Staphylococci remained susceptible to glycopeptide or daptomycin. Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated excellent susceptibility（>97.0%）to cephalobiol，rifampicin，trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole，linezolid，minocycline，tigecycline，and eravacycline. No Enterococcus exhibiting resistance to linezolid were detected. Glycopeptide resistance was uncommon but more frequent in Enterococcus faecium（resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin：both 1.7%）compared to Enterococcus faecalis（both 0.3%）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS exhibited significant regional variations across the country（ χ2=17.674 and 148.650，respectively，both P<0.001）. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci were detected in central China. Institutional comparison demonstrated higher prevalence of MRSA（ χ2=14.111， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.828， P=0.028）in provincial hospitals than that in municipal hospitals. Socioeconomic analysis identified elevated detection rates of both MRSA（ χ2=18.986， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.477， P=0.034）in less developed regions（per capita GDP

Objective:To report the results of bacterial resistant investigation collaborative system（BRICS）on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2023，and provide reference for clinical tretment of bloodstream infections and prevention and control of bacterial resistance.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of BRICS were collected during January 2023 to December 2023. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，11 492 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 60 hospitals，of which 10 098（87.9%）were Enterobacterales and 1 394（12.1%）were non-fermentative bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（50.0%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（26.1%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（5.1%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（5.0%）and Enterobacter cloacae complex（4.1%）. The ESBL-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirablilis were 46.8%（2 685/5 741），18.3%（549/2 999）and 44.0%（77/175），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（76/5 741）and 15.0%（450/2 999）；32.9%（25/76）and 78.0%（351/450）of CREC and CRKP were sensitive to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. 94.7%（72/76）and 90.2%（406/450）of CREC and CRKP were sensitive to aztreonam/avibactam combination. Furthermore，57.9%（44/76）and 79.1%（356/450）were sensitive to imipenem/relebactam combination. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 64.6%（370/573），while more than 80.0% of CRAB complex was sensitive to tigecycline，eravacycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 17.0%（99/581）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of important Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions in China，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA and CRAB complex（ χ2=10.6，28.6，10.8 and 19.3， P<0.05）. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli， CREC，CRAB complex and CRKP were higher in provincial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=12.5，9.8，12.7 and 57.8，all P<0.01）. Conclusions:Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens causing bloodstream infections in China，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of Klebsiella pneumoniae increases continuously with time. CRKP infection shows a slow upward trend，CREC infecton maintains a low prevalence level，and CRAB complex infection continues to exhibit a high prevalence rate. The composition and resistance patterns of pathogens causing bloodstream infections vary to some extent across different regions and levels of hospitals in China.

Objective:A model for predicting sentinel lymph node metastasis was established based on positron emission tomography(PET)-related metabolic parameters and clinicopathological characteristics.Methods:A retro-spective analysis was conducted on 211 patients diagnosed with breast cancer through surgical pathology from January 2016 to March 2023 in Meizhou People's Hospital,who underwent whole-body PET/CT examinations prior to surgery.Clinical,pathological,and PET-related metabolic parameters were collected.The study analyzed the association be-tween clinicopathological characteristics of the primary breast cancer lesion,PET metabolic parameters,and sentinel lymph node metastasis.A logistic regression predictive model was constructed using Broussonetia papyrifera.Results:Breast cancer primary lesion PET-suspicious axillary lymph nodes,vascular tumor thrombus,estrogen receptor(ER),and progesterone receptor(PR)showed statistically significant differences between the two groups(all P<0.05),while maxi-mum tumor diameter,SUVmax tumor location,maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax),metabolic tumor volume(MTV),total lesion glycolysis(TLG),tumor location,number of lesions,pathological type,histological grade,neural inva-sion,Homo sapiens epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2),and nuclear-associated antigen Ki-67(Ki-67)showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups(all P>0.05).Parameters with P<0.05 in the univariate analysis were subjected to multivariate logistic regression analysis,and the logistic regression model was established as Logit(P)=-0.437×vascular tumor thrombus+4.685×suspicious axillary lymph node metastasis.The predictive model AUC was 0.738(P<0.001,95%CI:0.664～0.812),with sensitivity and specificity of 63.4%and 74.4%,respectively.Con-clusion:PET findings of the primary breast cancer lesion regarding suspicious axillary lymph node metastasis,vascular tumor thrombus,ER and PR are associated with sentinel lymph node metastasis.The predictive model established based on PET-detected suspicious axillary lymph node metastasis and vascular tumor thrombus in primary breast cancer lesions has certain value in predicting sentinel lymph node metastasis,potentially providing a non-invasive examination modality for clinical practice.

Objective:To construct a prior based on the inherent properties of PET to accurately segment the lesion areas.Methods:A network framework for PET tumor segmentation driven by geodesic priors was proposed (geodesic network for short). Specifically, partial differential equations were constructed to characterize the geodesic distances between different regions in PET images. Tumor marker points identified by CT labeling were used as the initial conditions for the equations. To enhance the contrast between areas of lung or breast tumors and normal tissues, a smooth Heaviside function was utilized to map the geodesic distances. The network framework adopted a dual-branch architecture, using geodesic priors to assist in PET image segmentation.Results:The proposed method achieved a Dice coefficient of 94.92% in lung cancer segmentation and 90.12% in breast cancer segmentation. With the addition of geodesic priors in the Unet, the Dice coefficient for breast cancer increased by 32.37% (from 42.50% to 74.87%).Conclusion:Geodesic priors can significantly improve segmentation outcomes and enhance the generalization capability of the network.

Objective To investigate the levels of gross α and gross β activities in different water types within a 40-kilometer radius around the Zhangzhou Nuclear Power Plant prior to its operation. Methods In 2018, drinking water samples were collected from the area surrounding the nuclear power plant during both the wet and dry seasons, including source water, treated water, tap water, and well water. The gross α and gross β activity concentrations were measured using a low-background α/β counter, followed by statistical analysis. Results A total of 80 water samples from different sources around the Zhangzhou Nuclear Power Plant were collected. The average gross α and gross β activity concentrations during the wet season were (0.110 ± 0.036) Bq/L and (0.643 ± 0.028) Bq/L, respectively, while those during the dry season were (0.124 ± 0.032) Bq/L and (0.624 ± 0.026) Bq/L, respectively. There were no significant differences in the gross α and gross β activity concentrations between the wet and dry seasons for the overall sample set (P > 0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in the gross α and gross β activity concentrations between the wet and dry seasons for source water and well water (Z_wet = −2.005, −2.123; Z_dry = −1.943, −3.090; P < 0.05). Conclusion The radioactivity levels in different water types within various ranges around the Zhangzhou Nuclear Power Plant before its operation were determined. The measured activity concentrations were at the same level as those from previous investigations in other regions of Fujian Province.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) levels on the proliferation and apoptosis of Burkitt lymphoma cells, and the changes in related signaling molecules in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, so as to explore the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma. METHODS: HDAC levels in Burkitt lymphoma were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. CA46 and RAJI cells were treated with the HDAC selective inhibitor VPA. CCK8 assay was used to detect the proliferation ability of cells. Western Blot was used to measure the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway proteins and their phosphorylation levels. RESULTS: The expression levels of classⅠ HDAC in Burkitt lymphoma were higher than those in normal cells, and the HDAC1 inhibitor VPA could inhibit the proliferation of CA46 and RAJI cells. VPA decreased HDAC expression in CA46 and RAJI cells, inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway molecules AKT and p70S6K, increased the expression of apoptotic proteins Cleaved Caspase-3, Cleaved Caspase-8, Cleaved Caspase-9 and Bax, and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and PARP. CONCLUSION Inhibition of HDAC activity can Attenuate the proliferation of Burkitt lymphoma cells and induce apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway activity.
Humans ; Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology* ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Signal Transduction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism* ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism* ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology* ; Phosphorylation

Objective To investigate whether transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)can improve the muscle strength,endurance and work efficiency of calf muscles in healthy young men,aiming to explore a new method for preventing and combating microgravity-induced muscle atrophy in space environments.Methods 40 healthy young men aged 18-35 years were randomly divided into a Control group(Pseudo Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation)and a Experimental group(Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation)in a 1∶1 ratio,with 20 participants in each group.In the Control group,the indicator light of the stimulator was covered,and the device was turned on,but the electrodes did not contact the skin,The device automatically turned offafter 3 seconds.In the Experimental group,the TEAS device was connected to the current and TEAS intervention was performed.The electrical stimulation waveform was a sperse-dense wave with a frequency of 4/20 Hz,and the intensity was determined by patient tolerance.The acupoints selected for electrical stimulation in both groups were bilateral Zusanli(ST36)、Liangqiu(ST34),Taixi(KI3),and Fuliu(KI7).Zusanli and Liangqiu were paired,and Taixi and Fuliu were paired.The intervention frequency was 30 min/time,1 time/day,6 days/week,for 2 weeks.The relative peak torque at 60°/s,relative peak torque at 180°/s,and average power at 180°/s of the bilateral calf muscles were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at 0th,7th,and 14d day of the experiment.Results After 1 week of TEAS,compared with Control group,there were no significant changes in the relative peak torque at 60°/s,relative peak torque at 180°/s and average power at 180°/s of the bilateral anterior calf muscles in the Experimental group(all P>0.05);however,compared with Control group,the relative peak torque at 60°/s and the relative peak torque at 180°/s of the bilateral posterior calf muscles in the Experimental group were significantly increased(all P<0.05).After 2 weeks TEAS;compared with the Control group,there were no significant changes in the relative peak torque at 60°/s,relative peak torque at 180°/s and average power at 180°/s of the bilateral anterior calf muscles in the Experimental group(all P>0.05);however,the relative peak torque at 60°/s,relative peak torque at 180°/s,and average power at 180°/s of the bilateral posterior calf muscles were significantly increased in the Experimental group(all P<0.05).Conclusion TEAS of Zusanli,Liangqiu,Fuliu and Taixi acupoints on the lower limbs for 2 weeks can effectively improve the maximum muscle strength,endurance and work efficiency of the posterior calf muscles in healthy young men.