Objective To investigate the association between dietary patterns and adolescent development in girls in Pudong New Area，Shanghai. Methods Using a stratified cluster sampling method, a total of 998 girls were selected from the cohort of growth, development, and health of children and adolescents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai. Physical development examinations and dietary surveys were conducted on these girls. Principal component analysis was used to determine girls' dietary patterns, and their relationship with adolescent development was analyzed using logistic regression. Results Among the 998 participants, 770 (77.15%) were pubertal girls. The factor analysis identified three dietary patterns, fungi and algae~nuts~legumes pattern, meat-vegetables and fruits-cereals pattern, and milk-eggs pattern. Logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for age, waist circumference, residential district, mother's education level, and father's education level, the Q2 level (OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.30-0.99), Q3 level (OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.27-0.91), and Q4 level (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.26-0.90) of the fungi and algae-nuts-legumes pattern were negatively correlated with adolescent development. The Q2 level (OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.27-0.87) and Q3 level (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.27-0.88) of the milk-eggs pattern were also negatively correlated with adolescent development. Conclusion The fungi and algae~nuts~legumes pattern and milk-eggs patterns are inversely related to pubertal development.

ObjectiveMagnetoencephalography (MEG), a non-invasive neuroimaging technique, meticulously captures the magnetic fields emanating from brain electrical activity. Compared with MEG based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID), MEG based on optically pump magnetometer (OPM) has the advantages of higher sensitivity, better spatial resolution and lower cost. However, most of the current studies are clinical studies, and there is a lack of animal studies on MEG based on OPM technology. Pain, a multifaceted sensory and emotional phenomenon, induces intricate alterations in brain activity, exhibiting notable sex differences. Despite clinical revelations of pain-related neuronal activity through MEG, specific properties remain elusive, and comprehensive laboratory studies on pain-associated brain activity alterations are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inflammatory pain (induced by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)) on brain activity in a rat model using the MEG technique, to analysis changes in brain activity during pain perception, and to explore sex differences in pain-related MEG signaling. MethodsThis study utilized adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Inflammatory pain was induced via intraplantar injection of CFA (100 μl, 50% in saline) in the left hind paw, with control groups receiving saline. Pain behavior was assessed using von Frey filaments at baseline and 1 h post-injection. For MEG recording, anesthetized rats had an OPM positioned on their head within a magnetic shield, undergoing two 15-minute sessions: a 5-minute baseline followed by a 10-minute mechanical stimulation phase. Data analysis included artifact removal and time-frequency analysis of spontaneous brain activity using accumulated spectrograms, generating spectrograms focused on the 4-30 Hz frequency range. ResultsMEG recordings in anesthetized rats during resting states and hind paw mechanical stimulation were compared, before and after saline/CFA injections. Mechanical stimulation elevated alpha activity in both male and female rats pre- and post-saline/CFA injections. Saline/CFA injections augmented average power in both sexes compared to pre-injection states. Remarkably, female rats exhibited higher average spectral power 1 h after CFA injection than after saline injection during resting states. Furthermore, despite comparable pain thresholds measured by classical pain behavioral tests post-CFA treatment, female rats displayed higher average power than males in the resting state after CFA injection. ConclusionThese results imply an enhanced perception of inflammatory pain in female rats compared to their male counterparts. Our study exhibits sex differences in alpha activities following CFA injection, highlighting heightened brain alpha activity in female rats during acute inflammatory pain in the resting state. Our study provides a method for OPM-based MEG recordings to be used to study brain activity in anaesthetized animals. In addition, the findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of pain-related neural activity and pain sex differences.

ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanisms of kidney-tonifying and blood-activating acupuncture for Alzheimer's disease. MethodsMale SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into a model group， acupuncture group， non-acupoint group， and donepezi group， with 10 mice in each group， and 10 SAMR1 mice as normal group. The acupuncture group received acupuncture at Baihui （GV 20）， Xuehai （SP 10）， Shenshu （BL 23）， and Geshu （BL 17）. Xuehai （SP 10）， Shenshu （BL 23）， and Geshu （BL 17） were stimulated on the left side first and then on the right side alternately， once a day. The non-acupoint group received acupuncture at fixed bilateral non-meridian， non-acupoint points under the ribs， once a day. The model and normal groups underwent equivalent handling and restraint stress without acupuncture. The donepezi group received 1 mg/kg donepezil via gastric gavage daily. All groups were treated for 4 weeks. After treatment， Morris water maze tests （to record orientation sailing latency， number of traverses through the platform quadrant） and open field （to record distance travelled） were used to evaluate learning and memory abilities； hippocampal neuronal damage was analyzed via HE and Nissl staining； mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species （ROS） were measured using assay kits； Western blot and qRT-PCR were performed to detect silencing information regulator 1 （SIRT1）， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha （PGC-1α）， and mRNA expression levels. ResultsCompared with the normal group， mice in the model group and non-acupoint group showed elevated orientation sailing latency and relative multiplicity of ROS in hippocampal tissues， and reduced number of traverses through the platform quadrant， distance of movement in the open-field experiment， number of Nissl-staining-positive cells in the hippocampal tissues， mitochondrial membrane potential， and protein levels and mRNA expression of SIRT1， PGC-1α （P＜0.01）； HE staining showed that the hippocampal tissues of the mice was loosely arranged， with reduced number of neurons and vacuolar degeneration； Nissl staining showed that pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal region were not neatly arranged， and the number of Nissl bodies in the cytoplasm was less and the staining was lighter. Compared with the model group， mice in the acupuncture group and donepezil group had lower orientation sailing latency and relative multiplicity of ROS in the hippocampal tissue， higher number of traverses through the platform quadrant， distance of movement in the open-field experiment， number of Nissl-stained positive cells in the hippocampal tissue， mitochondrial membrane potential， and protein levels and mRNA expression of SIRT1 and PGC-1α （P＜0.01）， and HE staining and Nissl staining showed significant improvement in hippocampal histopathological damage. Compared with the donepezil group， the orientation sailing latency shortened in the acupuncture group of mice （P＜0.01）. ConclusionKidney-tonifying and blood-activating acupuncture method can alleviate the SIRT1/PGC-1α signalling pathway in the hippocampal tissue and improve the mitochondrial function， thus alleviating the neuronal damage， which is one of the possible mechanisms for its treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Beijing in 2024, to investigate the infection status of reservoir hosts, vector organisms, and baseline human populations, and provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods:Epidemiological surveys were conducted on all confirmed cases. Serum samples from healthy populations and reservoir hosts were collected for SFTSV antibody detection. Questing ticks were monitored using the flagging method. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was employed to detect SFTSV in cases, reservoir hosts, and ticks. Positive samples underwent whole-genome sequencing and genetic evolution analysis.Results:In 2024, Beijing reported 15 locally infected cases with 4 deaths. The age of onset ranged from 50 to 80 years (median: 66 years). Cases showed a certain degree of geographical clustering, with June being the peak month of onset. The affected population was predominantly farmers, with a male-to-female ratio of 3∶2. Animal contact history emerged as a significant risk factor alongside tick bites. Parthenogenetic tick populations were identified in Pinggu district, while SFTSV-carrying ticks were detected in endemic areas (Mentougou, Shijingshan, and Fengtai Districts). Viral presence was also confirmed in ticks or dogs from non-endemic areas. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed stable clustering of strains into two distinct genotypes (A and B). Antibody-positive individuals were identified in healthy populations from non-endemic areas.Conclusions:The incidence of SFTS in Beijing is increasing, with natural viral circulation already established in non-endemic regions. Enhanced surveillance and adjusted prevention strategies are urgently needed.

Objective:To screen broadly neutralizing antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus-1（HIV-1）chronically infected individuals and characterize their molecular features and to provide new strategies for rational vaccine development and antibody-based therapeutics.Methods:A total of 34 treatment-na?ve individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection were enrolled. Plasma antibody binding levels were measured against two HIV-1 envelope proteins. Single antigen-specific memory B cells were sorted from high-binding samples，and antibody variable region genes were amplified by PCR for paired expression. The monoclonal antibodies were evaluated for neutralizing activity using pseudovirus assays，and their structural features were analyzed by integrating AlphaFold 3 prediction with Discovery Studio molecular docking.Results:Plasma samples showed strong binding to DU422-GP140 and BG505-GP140. Eight monoclonal antibodies were isolated from two donors. Among them，antibodies 0919-A4，0919-A9 and 0808-A2 could cross-react with GP140 from HIV-1 subtypes AE，BC and B. The monoclonal antibody 0919-A9 demonstrated potent neutralizing activity against SF162（Tier 1）and CH181（Tier 2）pseudoviruses，with somatic hypermutation rates of 13.27%（heavy chain）and 15.58%（light chain）. Structural modeling revealed its specific targeting of the V1V2 region on GP120.Conclusion:The isolated antibody 0919-A9 effectively neutralizes Tier 2 pseudoviruses. Its high somatic mutation frequency and V1V2-targeting property underlie its neutralizing activity，providing both a promising candidate and mechanistic insights for HIV vaccine development and antibody-based therapeutic strategies.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of transnasal high-flow humidified oxygen therapy in preventing hypoxemia in pediatric patients undergoing gastroscopy.Methods:In this prospective randomized controlled study, 226 pediatric patients, aged 6-12 yr, with a body mass index of 18-25 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ, undergoing painless gastroscopy at Women and Children′s Hospital of Qingdao University from February 2022 to August 2023, were selected and divided into 2 groups ( n=113 each) using the simple randomization method: normal nasal cannula oxygen therapy group (group N) and transnasal high-flow humidified oxygen therapy group (group H). Anesthesia was induced with intravenous nalbuphine hydrochloride 0.1 mg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg, and gastroscopy was performed when the Modified Observer′s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score reached 1. During the operation, group N inhaled oxygen 5 L/min through the nasal catheter; group H inhaled a mixture of air and oxygen through a transnasal high-flow humidified oxygen therapy system at 2 L·kg -1·min -1 (not exceeding 40 L/min), with FiO 2 of 40%. Primary outcomes were the occurrence of hypoxemia and the lowest SpO 2. Secondary outcomes included the requirement for airway interventions (jaw thrust, mask ventilation, endotracheal intubation) and incidence of adverse events (nasal dryness, laryngospasm, apnea, upper airway obstruction, abdominal distension, nausea and vomiting) and endoscopist′s satisfaction with the procedure. Results:A total of 214 patients finally completed the trial, with 106 in group N and 108 in group H. Compared with group N, the incidence of hypoxemia was significantly decreased (17.9% [19/106] versus 2.8% [3/108]), the lowest SpO 2 was increased, the requirement for jaw lifting interventions was reduced, the incidence of nasal dryness was decreased, and the degree of endoscopist′s satisfaction with the procedure was increased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the other outcomes in group H ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Transnasal high-flow humidified oxygen therapy can effectively prevent hypoxemia and raise the safety of pediatric patients during the gastroscopy.

This study was aimed at understanding the antimicrobial resistance patterns,virulence characteristics,and phyloge-netic relationships of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes in Weifang.A total of 67 strains of Listeria monocytogenes were isolated from livestock,poultry meat,and clinical samples in Weifang between 2020 and 2023.The susceptibility of these isolates was determined through broth microdilution.Whole-genome sequencing and genetic characterization of these isolates were conducted.The 67 strains were divided into 12 STs,among which ST121,ST8,ST9,and ST87 predominated(76.12%).Eight groups of closely related strains were identified through cgMLST typing.Three Listeria pathogenicity islands and two genomic islands were identified in all strains:100%of the strains carried LIPI-1,5.97%carried LIPI-3,14.93%carried LIPI-4,2.99%carried LGI-2,and 4.48%of the strains carried LGI-3.No antibiotic resistance genes were found in any strains.All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin,penicillin,merope-nem,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,and vancomycin.Five isolates were resistant to tetracycline,and three strains of ST87,one strain of ST8,one strain of ST224,and two strains of ST87 were simultaneously resistant to erythromycin.The tet(M)tetracycline re-sistance genes and msr(D)and mef(A)erythromycin resistance genes from three strains of ST87 and one strain of ST8 were carried by a phage similar to phi1605 in Erysipelothrix,with>95%identity.The tet(M)gene from the ST224 isolates was carried by a transposon similar to Tn5801_B15 in Enterococcus faecalis,with>95%identity.Drug-resistant strains of Listeria monocytogenes were found in livestock and poultry meat on sale in Weifang,particularly strains of type ST87 and ST224 simultaneously carrying highly pathogenic virulence islands,thus posing a threat to food safety and public health.These findings therefore warrant attention from relevant depart-ments and strengthened monitoring efforts.

Objective To investigate the expression of ferritinophagy-related gene ELAV-like RNA binding protein 1(ELAVL1)in multiple myeloma(MM)and elucidate its diagnostic and prognostic value for MM.Methods First,we analyzed ELAVL1 expression level in healthy controls and MM patients using data from the GEO and TCGA databases.Subsequently,bone marrow specimens were collected from 28 newly diagnosed MM patients and 20 healthy controls,and qRT-PCR was employed to validate ELAVL1 expression.The diagnostic and prognostic potential of ELAVL1 was assessed using ROC curve analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.Additionally,univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for MM prognosis.Finally,KEGG and GO enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID online platform.Results The level of ELAVL1 expression was significantly higher in newly diagnosed MM patients and refractory/relapsed MM patients than in the healthy controls(P＜0.001).Moreover,ELAVL1 expression was positively correlated with the International Staging System(ISS)stage of MM(P＜0.01).Furthermore,qRT-PCR validation confirmed that ELAVL1 expression was elevated in the 28 newly diagnosed MM patients compared to the 20 healthy controls(P＜0.001).ROC curve analysis demonstrated that ELAVL1 could effectively differentiate between newly diagnosed MM patients,healthy controls,and MGUS patients(P＜0.001 and P=0.000 2,respectively).Survival analysis revealed that high ELAVL1 expression was associated with shorter progression-free survival(P=0.0141)and overall survival(P=0.008 0).Univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses identified high ELAVL1 expression as an independent risk factor for poor MM prognosis(P=0.005 0).KEGG analysis suggested that ELAVL1 might be involved in the Hippo and MAPK signaling pathways.Conclusion High ELAVL1 expression in MM may serve as a biomarker for diagnosis and poor prognosis.ELAVL1 may promote MM initiation and progression via the Hippo and MAPK signaling pathways.

Objective:To explore the intimal injury of two kinds of hemostatic clips under different clamping forces, and to optimize and verify the calculation formula of minimum occlusion force (MOF), so as to provide theoretical basis for selecting appropriate hemostatic clips to reduce vascular injury.Methods:A total of 96 male SD rats with body weight ranging from 280 to 300 g (Animal Experimental Center of Shanxi Medical University) were randomly assigned to metal hemostatic clip group ( n=48) and disposable hemostatic clip group ( n=48) by random number table method. Each group was further divided into four subgroups with clamping forces of 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 N for abdominal aortic injury experiments. The damage to the vascular intima was observed under a scanning electron microscope. A vascular closure model was established for mathematical analysis to derive the theoretical calculation formula of the arterial blood management factor (MOF). According to blood pressure (BP), blood vessel diameter (D) and hemostatic clamp width (W), the average values of theoretical and actual MOF data were analyzed by paired t test to verify the accuracy of the formula. From January 2021 to December 2022, six patients (with 12 branch arteries) who presented with oral and maxillofacial malignancies at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, were included to validate the accuracy of the MOF formula. Results:Under electron microscopy, when the clamping force was 0.3 N, the one-time hemostatic clip caused very little damage to the vascular intima (grade 1 injury), with only a few folds being flattened. When the clamping force was 0.6 N, both types of hemostatic clips caused partial peeling of the intima surface (grade 2-3 injury). However, when the clamping force was adjusted to 0.9 and 1.2 N, the damage caused by both types of hemostatic clips was more severe (grade 3-4 injury), with large areas of intima peeling or even disappearance. In some specimens of the metal hemostatic clip group, the damage even reached the muscular layer. Vascular closure model analysis showed that MOF=2×(1/2×π×D×W×BP), the mean diameter of abdominal aorta of 24 SD rats was (1.41±0.07) mm, the blood pressure was (83.29±11.56) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). The theoretical MOF value was (0.096±0.015) N, the actual clamping force (ACF) was (0.095±0.012) N, there was no statistical significance between the two groups ( t=-0.35, P=0.725). In clinical application, the MOF calculation formula was used to select the appropriate hemostatic clip for 12 arteries, successfully blocking the blood flow, verifying the accuracy of the formula. Conclusions:Hemostatic clips can cause damage to the inner membrane of blood vessels, and the greater the clamping force, the more severe the damage. Disposable hemostatic clips have certain advantages in avoiding excessive damage to the inner membrane of blood vessels. The theoretical MOF calculation formula has a certain degree of reliability and can be used as a reference to select the appropriate hemostatic clip with low damage.