Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment strategies, and prognosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) complicating childhood rheumatic diseases.Methods:A retrospective case series study was performed on the demographic data, laboratory indicators, imaging features, treatment regimens, and follow-up data of 8 children with rheumatic diseases complicated by PE who were admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Capital Center for Children′s Health, Capital Medical University from January 2014 to October 2023.Results:Among the 8 children, there were 4 boys and 4 girls, with an age of 12.0 (7.5, 13.0) years. Among the primary diseases, there were 3 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, 2 cases of Beh?et′s disease, 2 cases of Takayasu arteritis, and 1 case of antiphospholipid syndrome. All children developed PE during the active phase of the primary disease. PE was detected at the onset of the primary disease in 3 cases, and the median time from the diagnosis of the primary disease to the development of PE was 10.0 (6.0, 25.0) months in the remaining 5 cases. Fever was present in all 8 children, 4 cases were accompanied by chest tightness, dyspnea, etc., and 2 cases only presented with fever. Laboratory examinations revealed the following results: erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 42.0 (17.0, 78.0) mm/1 h, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was 12.7 (2.6, 78.7) mg/L, white blood cell count was 9.6 (7.2, 18.7)×10 9/L; D-dimer was 2.3 (0.9, 6.2) mg/L; and hemoglobin was (109±16) g/L.Imaging examinations revealed that 5 cases had involvement of the bilateral lower pulmonary arteries, 5 cases had peripheral embolism, and 3 cases had central PE. Complications included 3 cases of deep vein thrombosis, 2 cases of intracranial venous sinus thrombosis, and 1 case of mild pulmonary hypertension.In terms of treatment, 7 cases received anticoagulation with heparin followed by warfarin. Immunomodulation was mainly based on glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants, and 4 cases were combined with biological agents. The follow-up time of 4.17 (1.75, 7.17) years, the time for complete absorption of PE was 10.5 (6.0, 18.0) months; all 8 children had no target events, with no recurrence or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and the pulmonary artery remodeling was good. Conclusions:PE complicating childhood rheumatic diseases is closely related to the activity of the primary disease. The clinical manifestations are insidious, with fever as the main symptom. Imaging examination is the key to diagnosis.Early adoption of heparin followed by warfarin anticoagulation and glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants and (or) biological agents to control the primary disease can achieve a favorable prognosis.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment strategies, and prognosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) complicating childhood rheumatic diseases.Methods:A retrospective case series study was performed on the demographic data, laboratory indicators, imaging features, treatment regimens, and follow-up data of 8 children with rheumatic diseases complicated by PE who were admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Capital Center for Children′s Health, Capital Medical University from January 2014 to October 2023.Results:Among the 8 children, there were 4 boys and 4 girls, with an age of 12.0 (7.5, 13.0) years. Among the primary diseases, there were 3 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, 2 cases of Beh?et′s disease, 2 cases of Takayasu arteritis, and 1 case of antiphospholipid syndrome. All children developed PE during the active phase of the primary disease. PE was detected at the onset of the primary disease in 3 cases, and the median time from the diagnosis of the primary disease to the development of PE was 10.0 (6.0, 25.0) months in the remaining 5 cases. Fever was present in all 8 children, 4 cases were accompanied by chest tightness, dyspnea, etc., and 2 cases only presented with fever. Laboratory examinations revealed the following results: erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 42.0 (17.0, 78.0) mm/1 h, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was 12.7 (2.6, 78.7) mg/L, white blood cell count was 9.6 (7.2, 18.7)×10 9/L; D-dimer was 2.3 (0.9, 6.2) mg/L; and hemoglobin was (109±16) g/L.Imaging examinations revealed that 5 cases had involvement of the bilateral lower pulmonary arteries, 5 cases had peripheral embolism, and 3 cases had central PE. Complications included 3 cases of deep vein thrombosis, 2 cases of intracranial venous sinus thrombosis, and 1 case of mild pulmonary hypertension.In terms of treatment, 7 cases received anticoagulation with heparin followed by warfarin. Immunomodulation was mainly based on glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants, and 4 cases were combined with biological agents. The follow-up time of 4.17 (1.75, 7.17) years, the time for complete absorption of PE was 10.5 (6.0, 18.0) months; all 8 children had no target events, with no recurrence or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and the pulmonary artery remodeling was good. Conclusions:PE complicating childhood rheumatic diseases is closely related to the activity of the primary disease. The clinical manifestations are insidious, with fever as the main symptom. Imaging examination is the key to diagnosis.Early adoption of heparin followed by warfarin anticoagulation and glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants and (or) biological agents to control the primary disease can achieve a favorable prognosis.

Sarin(GB)is a typical representative of nerve agents with high toxicity,and very low amount can cause death.GB can cause water and atmospheric environment poisoning,so the detection of GB in water and air is of great significance.In this work,a colorimetric sensor array(CSA)based on GB inhibition of cholinesterase activity was constructed to detect GB with high selectivity.A 4×4 colorimetric array was constructed using acetylcholinesterase(AChE),butyryl cholinesterase(BuChE)and the corresponding substrate acetylthiocholine iodide(S-ACh),butyryl thiocholine iodide(S-BCh),acetylcholine chloride(ACh),butyryl choline chloride(BCh)and 2,6-dichloroindophenol ethyl ester(DCIE).The linear curve of the sensor was Y=131.3×lgC+271.6(R2=0.997),where Y was the array response Euclidean distance,C was the concentration of GB(mg/L),the linear range was 0.03?0.32 mg/L,and the detection limit was 27.6 μg/L.The method could effectively distinguish chemical warfare agents(CWA)such as VX,Soman(GD),mustard gas(HD),Louie reagent(L),and had high anti-interference ability,sensitivity and good repeatability.It was successfully applied to the detection of GB in simulated water and simulated air samples,and the sample recovery rate was 97.2% ?100.9%.This method would be potentially applied to the field rapid detection of nerve agents.

The hydroxyl value and conjugated linoleic acid content of dehydrated castor oils are two important indicators that reflect its properties.Thus,monitoring the two indicators can better realize the industrial production of high-quality dehydrated castor oils.However,traditional chemical measurement methods have many disadvantages in determination of the two indictors,including large reagent consumption,long determination time,and cannot achieve rapid monitoring.Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FTIR)is a new and non-destructive detection method that is low-cost and can achieve rapid detection.In this work,FTIR technique was employed to collect spectral information of dehydrated castor oils and analyze the relationship between FTIR spectral information and hydroxyl value and conjugated linoleic acid content,and a rapid detection method for detecting the property indicators of dehydrated castor oils was thus established.FTIR scanning was performed on dehydrated castor oils with a hydroxyl value of 21.9-161.4 mg KOH/g and a conjugated linoleic acid content of less than 37.5%.Among different preprocessing methods,orthogonal scatter correction(OSC)could improve the prediction accuracy of the resulting model,by which the optimal modeling data segments for hydroxyl value and conjugated linoleic acid content were 3200-3800 cm-1 and 800-1200 cm-1,respectively,and the optimal modeling method was partial least squares(PLS).The coefficients of determination of the optimal models for hydroxyl value and conjugated linoleic acid content were all above 0.99.

Nano/microplastics(NMPs),due to their environmental persistence and resistance to degradation,have emerged as a major contributor to global pollution.NMPs are capable of adsorbing various hazardous chemicals and heavy metals,thereby posing threats to aquatic ecosystem health,which may ultimately cause potential risks to human health.Conventional analytical methods suffered from limited resolution,insufficient chemical information,or destruction of sample,invalidating these assays for on-site detection of NMPs.Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)offers distinct advantages such as high sensitivity,superior specificity,rich fingerprint information,and non-destructive analysis,thus facilitating the on-site analysis of NMPs in complex matrices.This review summarized recent advances in SERS substrates for detection of NMPs,discussed the construction and applications of SERS-based multimodal detection strategies,and introduced the research progress of SERS detection of NMPs in food safety,environmental pollution,and bioanalysis.Moreover,the main challenges and future directions of SERS-based NMP detection were outlined.

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in medical staff in Beijing City. Methods A total of 2 687 medical staff were selected as the research subjects using the multi-stage sampling method. The current situation of WMSDs and occupational stress, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and insomnia symptoms were investigated using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, the Core Occupational Stress Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, and the Self-Sleep Management Questionnaire. The Max-Min Hill-Climbing algorithm was used to construct a Bayesian network model to analyze the influencing factors and internal relationships of WMSDs and to conduct reasoning and prediction of the model. Results The prevalence of WMSDs among the research subjects was 88.9%. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify age, educational level, personal monthly income, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, insomnia symptoms, prolonged forward-head desk work, and prolonged static posture work to construct the Bayesian network model. The model consisted of nine nodes and eleven directed edges. Prolonged static posture work, prolonged forward-head desk work, and anxiety symptoms were directly related to WMSDs. Age and educational level were indirectly related to WMSDs through their influence on prolonged forward-head desk work. Depression symptoms were indirectly associated with WMSDs through their influence on anxiety symptoms. The model's prediction accuracy was 90.5%. Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs among medical staff in Beijing City is relatively high. Prolonged static posture work, prolonged forward-head desk work, and anxiety symptoms may directly increase the risk of developing WMSDs.

ObjectiveAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with communication and social interaction, restricted and repetitive behaviors. Previous studies have indicated that individuals with ASD exhibit early and lifelong attention deficits, which are closely related to the core symptoms of ASD. Basic visual attention processes may provide a critical foundation for their social communication and interaction abilities. Therefore, this study explores the behavior of children with ASD in capturing attention to changes in topological properties. MethodsOur study recruited twenty-seven ASD children diagnosed by professional clinicians according to DSM-5 and twenty-eight typically developing (TD) age-matched controls. In an attention capture task, we recorded the saccadic behaviors of children with ASD and TD in response to topological change (TC) and non-topological change (nTC) stimuli. Saccadic reaction time (SRT), visual search time (VS), and first fixation dwell time (FFDT) were used as indicators of attentional bias. Pearson correlation tests between the clinical assessment scales and attentional bias were conducted. ResultsThis study found that TD children had significantly faster SRT (P<0.05) and VS (P<0.05) for the TC stimuli compared to the nTC stimuli, while the children with ASD did not exhibit significant differences in either measure (P>0.05). Additionally, ASD children demonstrated significantly less attention towards the TC targets (measured by FFDT), in comparison to TD children (P<0.05). Furthermore, ASD children exhibited a significant negative linear correlation between their attentional bias (measured by VS) and their scores on the compulsive subscale (P<0.05). ConclusionThe results suggest that children with ASD have difficulty shifting their attention to objects with topological changes during change detection. This atypical attention may affect the child’s cognitive and behavioral development, thereby impacting their social communication and interaction. In sum, our findings indicate that difficulties in attentional capture by TC may be a key feature of ASD.

Guided by the theory of "the kidney storing essence, governing the bones, and producing marrow", this study explored the mechanism of icariin(ICA) in regulating the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) through caveolin-1(Cav1) via in vitro and in vivo experiments, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Primary cells were obtained from 4-week-old female SD rats using the whole bone marrow adherent method. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of surface markers CD29, CD90, CD11b, and CD45. The potential for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation was assessed. The effect of ICA on cell viability was determined using the CCK-8 assay, and the impact of ICA on the formation of mineralized nodules was verified by alizarin red staining. A stable Cav1-silenced cell line was constructed using lentivirus. The effect of Cav1 silencing on osteogenic differentiation was observed via alizarin red staining. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the expression of Cav1, Hippo/TAZ, and osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2(RUNX2) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP). The results showed that primary cells were successfully obtained using the whole bone marrow adherent method, positively expressing surface markers of rat BMSCs and possessing the potential for both osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The CCK-8 assay and alizarin red staining results indicated that 1×10~(-7) mol·L~(-1) was the optimal concentration of ICA for intervention in this experiment(P<0.05). During osteogenic induction, ICA inhibited Cav1 expression(P<0.05) while promoting TAZ expression(P<0.05). Alizarin red staining demonstrated that Cav1 silencing significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. After ICA intervention, TAZ expression was activated, and the expression of osteogenic markers ALP and RUNX2 was increased. In conclusion, Cav1 silencing significantly promotes the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and ICA promotes this differentiation by inhibiting Cav1 and regulating the Hippo/TAZ signaling pathway.
Animals ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Caveolin 1/genetics* ; Osteogenesis/drug effects* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects* ; Female ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Flavonoids/administration & dosage* ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans

Background The increasing demand for emergency services coupled with the special working environment has exacerbated occupational stress and work-related rumination among emergency medical dispatchers, which is noteworthy for its impact on dispatchers' sleep quality. Objective To explore the relationship among occupational stress, work-related rumination, and sleep quality of emergency medical dispatchers, so as to provide reference for improving sleep quality and maintaining physical and mental health of this occupational group. Methods A total of 386 emergency medical dispatchers from 16 provinces and municipalities including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Zhejiang, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hubei, Hebei, Henan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Fujian, and Hainan of China were investigated with the Chinese version of Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, Work-Related Rumination Questionnaire, and Insomnia Severity Index. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the association among occupational stress, work-related rumination, and sleep quality. A structural equation model was constructed, with occupational stress as independent variable, the two dimensions of work-related rumination as mediating variables, and sleep quality as dependent variable, respectively. Bootstrap testing was then used to verify potential mediating effect of work-related rumination on the relationship between occupational stress and sleep quality among the emergency medical dispatchers. Results Among the enrolled emergency medical dispatchers, the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) index was 1.03, the score of affective rumination was 15.35±5.26, the score of problem-solving rumination was 17.64±4.63, and the total score of sleep quality was 21.10±6.53. Their ERI index was positively correlated with affective rumination scores (r=0.636, P<0.01), but not with problem-solving rumination scores (P>0.05). Their ERI index, affective rumination scores, and problem-solving rumination scores were positively correlated with sleep quality scores (P<0.05). The direct effect size of occupational stress on sleep quality was 0.627, the indirect effect size of affective rumination was 0.124, and the mediating effect of affective rumination accounted for 16.4% of the total effect (0.755), while the problem-solving rumination had no mediating effect on the relationship between occupational stress and sleep quality. Conclusion Occupational stress and affective rumination in emergency medical dispatchers can predict their sleep quality. Occupational stress can directly affect sleep quality, and indirectly affect it through affective rumination. Managers should pay attention to and evaluate the affective rumination level of emergency medical dispatchers, so as to take corresponding intervention measures to reduce their occupational stress and improve their sleep quality.

Objective:To translate Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Impairment Multidomain Scale(AIMS)into Chinese,and to investi-gate its reliability and validity among Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS)patients.Methods:A total of 161 ALS patients who were registered in the registry system of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment Center for Motor Neuron Disease in Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2023 to July 2024 were enrolled as subjects,and the Chinese version of AIMS was used for investigation after translation and revision.The Rasch model was used to assess the unidimensionality,in-ternal consistency,content validity,construct validity,and criterion-related validity of the questionnaire,and the classical test theory was used for item analysis,test-retest reliability analysis,and criterion-related validity analysis.Results:Unidimensionality testing showed that all three dimensions of AIMS have good unidimensionality.For all items except item 18,information-weighted fit statis-tic mean square(Infit MNSQ)and outlier-sensitive fit statistic mean square(Outfit MNSQ)ranged from 0.5 to 1.5,and point-measure correlation(PT-Measure)ranged from 0.63 to 0.87.The threshold between adjacent options of each item was>1.4 logit.Wright maps showed that item difficulties ranged from-2.24 to 2.08 logit,and the differential item functioning analysis showed that the absolute values of differences between patients across different char-acteristic subgroups were<1 logit.The overall scale and each di-mension had a reliability of>0.9,with an individual reliability of>0.7.The dimension of respiration had a separation index of 1.56,while the overall scale and the other dimensions had a separation in-dex of>2.The item analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between the items in each dimension and their respective dimen-sions ranged from 0.622 to 0.865(P<0.01).The overall scale and the dimensions of medulla oblongata,motor,and respiration had a test-retest reliability of 0.994,0.970,0.990,and 0.972,respectively(P<0.01).The criterion-related validity analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of total score and the score of each dimension between the Chinese version of AIMS and the revised version of AIMS were 0.863,0.829,0.876,and 0.755,respectively(P<0.01).Conclusion:The Chinese version of AIMS has a good degree of fit-ting and relatively high levels of reliability and validity,with moderate item difficulty,reasonable option settings,and high overall qual-ity,and it is suitable for the functional assessment of ALS patients in China.