Objective To compare the clinical characteristics of pneumococcal meningitis in different age groups, and to provide a basis for early diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid and/or serum samples were collected from 1742 suspected cases of meningitis in Baoji, Shaanxi Province from August 2013 to July 2019. Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected by isolation culture and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Retrospective analysis of clinical manifestations, biochemical indicators and other information of laboratory confirmed cases was conducted by χ² test or Fisher's exact test. Results A total of 1742 samples of encephalitis or meningitis cases were detected, and 41 cases were confirmed as laboratory-confirmed Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Among them, there were 12 cases (29.27%) in the infant group, 14 cases (34.15%) in the child group, and 15 cases (36.59%) in the adult group. The proportion of the adults with headache was significantly higher than that of the infants (χ²=11.408，P＜0.017). The proportion of the adults with consciousness disorder, elevated white blood cells and elevated neutrophils were significantly higher than those in the infant and the child groups（Fisher's exact test, P＜0.017；χ² =6.428，P＜0.017；χ² =10.898，P＜0.017；χ² =6.421，P＜0.017；χ² =9.758，P＜0.017；χ² =7.744，P＜0.017). The proportion of the infants with cerebrospinal fluid turbidity was significantly higher than that of the children (Fisher's exact test，P＜0.017). The proportion of the infants with decreased white blood cells and reduced glucose in cerebrospinal fluid was significantly higher than that of the children group and the adult group（Fisher's exact test, P＜0.001；Fisher's exact test, P＜0.001；Fisher's exact test, P＜0.017; Fisher's exact test, P＜0.017). Conclusion Most adult patients with pneumococcal meningitis have headache and consciousness disorders, with significantly increased proportion of white blood cells and neutrophils. Infant patients tend to have cloudy appearance of cerebrospinal fluid, leukopenia in blood, and decreased glucose in cerebrospinal fluid.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of Compound glutamine enteric-coated capsules in the treatment and prevention of radiotherapy- and chemotherapy-related intestinal dysfunction in patients with malignant tumors. METHODS PubMed， Embase， CNKI， and Wanfang data were searched to collect randomized controlled trial （RCT） and cohort studies comparing Compound glutamine enteric-coated capsules （experimental group） with or without other treatments versus other treatments or blank control （control group）. The search period was from the establishment of each database to November 19， 2025. After literature screening， data extraction， and quality assessment， a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS A total of 23 studies were included， involving 2 014 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that the effective rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group， the overall incidence and moderate-to-severe incidence of radiotherapy- and chemotherapy-related intestinal dysfunction， quality of life scores， and interleukin-6 levels in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group （ P ＜0.05）. However， no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of Karnofsky Performance Status score improvement rate and tumor necrosis factor-α levels （ P ＞0.05）. The results of subgroup analysis based on different medications in the control group showed that， when used for treatment， regardless of whether patients in the control group received blank control or positive control， the efficacy in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group （ P ＜0.05）. When used for prevention， compared with patients who received blank control in the control group， the overall incidence and the incidence of moderate-to-severe radiotherapy- and chemotherapy-related intestinal dysfunction in the experimental group were significantly reduced （ P ＜0.05）. No statistically significant difference was found in the overall incidence or incidences of moderate-to-severe radiotherapy- and chemotherapy-related intestinal dysfunction with positive control between the two groups （ P ＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Compound glutamine enteric-coated capsules can effectively treat and prevent radiotherapy- and chemotherapy-related intestinal dysfunction in patients with malignant tumors， improve patients’ quality of life， and alleviate inflammatory responses.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid （ω-3PUFA） combined with clomiphene on clinical efficacy， pregnancy and safety in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 112 PCOS patients who received treatment in Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases from January 2022 to December 2023. According to the different treatment regimens， the patients were divided into single-drug group （60 cases） and drug-combination group （52 cases）. Single-drug group was given clomiphene orally， and drug-combination group was given clomiphene+ω-3PUFA. Clinical efficacy， pregnancy status and the occurrence of adverse drug reaction （ADR） as well as ovarian function and oxidative stress indexes before and after treatment were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS The overall response rate （90.38% vs. 71.67%）， ovulation rate （84.62% vs. 61.67%）， and pregnancy rate （51.92% vs. 26.67%） were all markedly higher in drug combination group than single drug group （ P ＜0.05）. Before treatment， there was no statistical significance in ovarian function and oxidative stress indexes between 2 groups （ P ＞0.05）. Compared with before treatment， serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels， inhibin B concentr ations， and the number of cystic follicles in 2 groups were decreased significantly after 12 weeks of treatment （ P ＜0.05）. The endometrial thickness increased significantly （ P ＜0.05）， while the serum levels of malondialdehyde and advanced oxidation protein products decreased significantly （ P ＜0.05）； the activities of serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased significantly （ P ＜0.05）； the improvement of drug combination group was significantly better than single drug group （ P ＜0.05）. The ovarian volumes in both groups were significantly smaller after treatment compared to before treatment （ P ＜0.05）， but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups （ P ＞0.05）. There was no significant difference in the overall incidence of ADR between the two groups during the treatment （ P ＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The combination of ω-3PUFA and clomiphene has a definite therapeutic effect on PCOS， which can effectively reduce the body’s oxidative stress response， improve ovarian function， and increase ovulation and pregnancy rates.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antidepressant effect and underlying mechanism of total triterpenes from Poriae Cutis （PCTT）. METHODS UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology was adopted to analyze the chemical constituents of PCTT. Network pharmacology was applied to screen the antidepressant active ingredients， key targets and signaling pathways of PCTT， and molecular docking was performed to verify the binding capacity between potential active ingredients and core targets. In animal experiment， mice were intragastrically administered PCTT at doses of 80， 160 and 320 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. Lipopolysaccharide was used to establish an acute depression mouse model. Subsequently， behavioral assays were conducted. The levels of serum inflammatory factors， hippocampal neurotransmitters and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） were detected. Western blot and qPCR assays were adopted to validate the antidepressant mechanism of PCTT. RESULTS A total of 101 chemical constituents were identified in PCTT. Network pharmacology screened out 10 potential active ingredients （including poriacosone B， poriacosone A， pachymic acid， etc.）， six core targets [including tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor， caspase-3， etc.]， as well as multiple signaling pathways including TNF and interleukin-17 （IL-17）. All 10 potential active ingredients exhibited strong binding affinity to the six core targets. Animal experimental results demonstrated that 320 mg/kg PCTT markedly increased the movement distance and movement speed of depression model mice （P＜0.05）， and shortened immobility time in tail suspension test and forced swimming test （P＜0.05）. PCTT reduced serum levels of IL-6， IL-1β and TNF-α， decreased hippocampal glutamate level； it also downregulated the relative mRNA expression of TNF-α， tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 （TNFR2）， phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K） and protein kinase B （AKT）， as well as TNFR2 protein expression and the ratios of phosphorylated-PI3K/PI3K，phosphorylated-AKT/AKT in the prefrontal cortex. Meanwhile， PCTT elevated the levels of 5- hydroxytryptamine， dopamine and BDNF in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS PCTT exerts antidepressant effects possibly by regulating the TNF-α/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory factors， thereby modulating the release of neurotransmitters and BDNF.

OBJECTIVE To establish the UPLC fingerprint and the method for multi-component content determination in Jingangteng capsules， and to evaluate its quality by combining chemical pattern recognition analysis. METHODS An UPLC method was established. Separation was performed on a Zorbax SB-C 18 Rapid Resolution HD column， with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase for gradient elution.Using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprints of Traditional Chinese Medicines （2012 edition）， UPLC fi ngerprints were established for 10 batches of Jingangteng capsules， and similarity was evaluated. SPSS 22.0 and SIMCA 14.1 software were used to perform hierarchial-cluster analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）， respectively. The same UPLC method was employed to determine the contents of chlorogenic acid， 3，5-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzoic acid-3- O -glucoside （M1）， caffeic acid， astilbin， oxyresveratrol， quercitrin and resveratrol in the 10 batches of samples. RESULTS A total of 17 common peaks were identified in UPLC fingerprints of the 10 batches of samples， of which 7 were identified as chlorogenic acid， M1， caffeic acid， astilbin， oxyresveratrol， quercitrin， and resveratrol. The similarities of 10 batches of samples ranged from 0.820 to 0.985. The results of hierarchial-cluster analysis showed that 10 batches of samples were grouped into four categories： S1-S4 formed one group， S5 and S6 formed another， S7， S8 and S10 formed a third， and S9 formed a fourth， consistent with the OPLS-DA results； the variable importance projection values for peaks 7， 10， 2， 16 （resveratrol）， 13 （oxyresveratrol）， 11， 6 （caffeic acid）， 5 （M1） and 15 （quercitrin） were ＞1. Quantitative analysis results showed that the contents of chlorogenic acid， M1， caffeic acid， astilbin， oxyresveratrol， quercitrin， and resveratrol were 1.650 8-4.213 7， 0.636 2-2.161 7， 0.031 0-0.086 5， 0.239 1-1.069 3， 0.211 9-1.104 0， 0.488 8-2.399 2， and 0.164 0-0.699 8 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS UPLC fingerprint and content determination methods established in this study are simple to operate， accurate， reliable and reproducible； when combined with chemical pattern recognition analysis， they can be used to evaluate the quality of Jingangteng capsules. Nine components， such as resveratrol， oxyresveratrol， caffeic acid， M1 and quercitrin， may serve as markers of quality variation.

Objective To analyze the infection status and epidemic trends of soil-borne nematode infections in Yubei, Chongqing City, in 2010,2021, and 2022. Methods The local populations from four survey sites of four towns in 2010 and five sites of five towns in 2021 and 2022 were surveyed regarding their basic information using a unified form. Fecal samples of the participants were collected and tested for soil-borne nematode infections using the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method. Results In 2010, 2 049 participants were surveyed, followed by 1 000 participants in 2021 and 2022. The overall prevalence of parasitic infections declined significantly from 3.86% to 0.20%. In 2010, soil-transmitted nematode included hookworms(3.81%) and roundworms(0.29%). In 2021, the infection rates of roundworms and hookworms were 1.70% and 0.10% respectively. Notably, only Ascaris was identified in 2022(0.20%). The≥60 age group consistently exhibited the highest infection rates across all surveys, followed by the 40-59 age group. The infection rates of males in the three surveys were 3.31%,1.92%, and 0.20% respectively, and those of females were 4.37%, 1.46%, and 0.20% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the infection rates between males and females. Educational attainment was inversely associated with infection; in 2010, the highest prevalence was observed among those with primary education or below, whereas in 2021, illiterate or semi-literate individuals showed the highest susceptibility. The occupational distribution of infections in 2010 indicated that retirees (8.33%), farmers(4.86%), and homemakers or unemployed individuals(3.45%)were the most affected. However, in 2021 and 2022, farmers emerged as the predominant occupational group with soil-transmitted nematode infections. Conclusions The infection rate of soil-borne nematodes showed a decreasing trend in Yubei, and the infection species changed from hookworms in 2010 to Ascaris in 2022. Farmers, the elderly, and people with low education levels should continue to be the focus of preventive and control efforts.

Objective To investigate the association between dietary patterns and adolescent development in girls in Pudong New Area，Shanghai. Methods Using a stratified cluster sampling method, a total of 998 girls were selected from the cohort of growth, development, and health of children and adolescents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai. Physical development examinations and dietary surveys were conducted on these girls. Principal component analysis was used to determine girls' dietary patterns, and their relationship with adolescent development was analyzed using logistic regression. Results Among the 998 participants, 770 (77.15%) were pubertal girls. The factor analysis identified three dietary patterns, fungi and algae~nuts~legumes pattern, meat-vegetables and fruits-cereals pattern, and milk-eggs pattern. Logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for age, waist circumference, residential district, mother's education level, and father's education level, the Q2 level (OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.30-0.99), Q3 level (OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.27-0.91), and Q4 level (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.26-0.90) of the fungi and algae-nuts-legumes pattern were negatively correlated with adolescent development. The Q2 level (OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.27-0.87) and Q3 level (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.27-0.88) of the milk-eggs pattern were also negatively correlated with adolescent development. Conclusion The fungi and algae~nuts~legumes pattern and milk-eggs patterns are inversely related to pubertal development.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effectiveness of horticultural therapy involving the planting of Chinese medicinal herbs （mint and lily potted plants） combined with intradermal needling therapy for generalized anxiety disorder （GAD） of liver depression transforming into fire syndrome under transcranial magnetic stimulation and basic psychological therapy， and to explore the possible mechanisms of action. MethodsA total of 180 patients with GAD of liver depression transforming into fire syndrome were randomly divided into three groups， horticultural therapy group， intradermal needling group， and horticultural therapy+intradermal needling group， with 60 patients in each. All groups received basic treatment including basic psychological therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation. The horticultural therapy group received horticultural therapy in addition to the basic treatment； the intradermal needling group received intradermal needling therapy once a week for 8 weeks in addition to the basic treatment； the horticultural therapy+intradermal needling group received both horticultural therapy and intradermal needling therapy， following the same procedures and duration. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale （HAMA）， Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）， and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） scores were assessed at baseline and after 2， 4， 6， and 8 weeks of treatment. Serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） and corticosterone （CORT） were measured before treatment and after 8 weeks of treatment. Motor-evoked potential （MEP） baseline levels were recorded before treatment， and MEP amplitude ratios were compared after 1 week and 8 weeks of treatment. Clinical effectiveness and safety were evaluated after 8 weeks of treatment. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between serum ACTH and CORT levels， MEP amplitude， and anxiety. ResultsIn the horticultural therapy group and intradermal needling group， HAMA， SAS and PSQI scores after 4， 6， and 8 weeks treatment were lower than baseline scores （P＜0.05）. In the horticultural therapy+intradermal needling group， these scores showed a significant decline starting after 2 weeks treatment and continuing through 8 weeks after treatment （P＜0.05）. The HAMA， SAS， and PSQI scores in the horticultural therapy+intradermal needling group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups after 2， 4， 6， and 8 weeks treatment （P＜0.05）. After 8 weeks of treatment， serum CORT and ACTH levels in the horticultural therapy+intradermal needling group were significantly lower than baseline levels （P＜0.05） and were also lower than those in the horticultural therapy group and intradermal needling group at the same time point （P＜0.01）. When comparing the level after 8 weeks treatment to that after 1 week treatment， under PAS10 stimulation， the MEP amplitude ratio in the intradermal needling group decreased at 30 minutes， while in the horticultural therapy+intradermal needling group， the MEP amplitude ratio decreased at all time points （P＜0.05 or P＜0.001）； under PAS25 stimulation， the MEP amplitude ratio in the horticultural therapy group increased at 20 minutes， and in the intradermal needle group at 10 minutes （P＜0.05）. In the horticultural therapy+intradermal needling group， the MEP amplitude ratio increased significantly at all time points after treatment （P＜0.001）. The cure rate in the horticultural therapy+intradermal needling group （74.14%， 43/58） was significantly higher than that in the horticultural therapy group （30.00%， 18/60） and the intradermal needling group （48.28%， 28/58， P＜0.05）. Correlation analysis revealed that serum ACTH and CORT levels were positively correlated with HAMA scores （r = 0.488， P＜0.01； r = 0.428， P＜0.01）. Following PAS10 intervention， the MEP amplitude ratio was positively correlated with HAMA scores （r = 0.458， P＜0.01）， whereas after PAS25 intervention， the MEP amplitude ratio was negatively correlated with HAMA scores （r = -0.562， P＜0.01）. ConclusionHorticultural therapy combined with intradermal needling treatment， under transcranial magnetic stimulation and basic psychological therapy， demonstrates significant clinical effectiveness in patients with GAD of liver depression transforming into fire syndrome. Its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis and the reduction of cortical excitability.

Objective To establish a HPLC method for determining thimerosal compounds in eye drops. Methods A gradient HPLC system was used in the quantitative analysis of thimerosal compounds on Shiseido MGII C₁₈ column （4.6 mm×250 mm，5 μm）, using 1% triethylamine solution （pH adjusted to 3.0 with phosphate） as mobile phase A, the methanol as mobile phase B, gradient elution, The column temperature was 40 ℃, the detection wavelength was 222 nm, the flow rate was 1 ml/min and the injection volume was 20 µl. Results The established method had good linearity within the concentration range of 4.3-216.7 μg/ml （r>0.999） for thimerosal, with average recoveries was 102.1%, RSD2.7%. Conclusion This method was simple, accurate and highly specific, and could be used for determination of thimerosal compound in eye drops.

Objective: To investigate the knowledge and behaviors related to hepatitis B prevention and control among carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), so as to provide the basis for conducting health education and interventions for HBsAg carriers. Methods: Based on the seroepidemiological survey of hepatitis B among individuals aged 1 to 69 years in Shaanxi Province, HBsAg carriers were selected as the study subjects. Basic information, knowledge and behaviors about hepatitis B prevention and control were collected through questionnaire surveys. The awareness of hepatitis B prevention and control knowledge and related behaviors among HBsAg carriers were analyzed. Results: A total of 107 HBsAg carriers were enrolled, including 52 males (48.60%) and 55 females (51.40%), and had a median age of 47.04 (interquartile range, 19.78) years. The awareness of hepatitis B prevention and control knowledge ranged from 56.07% to 87.85% among HBsAg carriers, with the highest awareness for "hepatitis B vaccination can effectively prevent hepatitis B "(87.85%), and the lowest awareness for "sharing meals with HBsAg carriers or hepatitis B patients will not lead to infection" (56.07%) and "hepatitis B can be treated with antiviral drugs" (61.68%). The proportions of those who did not seek medical consultation, undergo regular check-ups, or receive treatment were relatively high, at 65.42%, 72.90% and 77.57%, respectively. Conclusions The awareness of hepatitis B transmission routes and treatment-related knowledge among HBsAg carriers is relatively low, and their medical-seeking behaviors are relatively passive. There is a need to enhance the dissemination of hepatitis B prevention and control knowledge, improve medical-seeking behaviors, and reduce the risk of hepatitis B virus transmission.