Background and purpose:Tumor microangiogenesis is an important basis for tumor growth and metastasis,and its characteristics include angiogenesis,increased vascular permeability and abnormal capillary structure.Microangiogenesis not only affects the blood supply and metabolism of tumor,but also is directly related to the invasion,prognosis and treatment response of tumor.Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)is a non-invasive imaging technique.By quantitatively analyzing the distribution and dynamic changes of contrast agents in tumor tissues,it can reflect the microvascular density(MVD),permeability and blood perfusion of tumors.The purpose of this study was to further clarify the application value of DCE-MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer by in-depth analysis of the relationship between quantitative analysis parameters of rectal cancer and microangiogenesis,and to promote the popularization and optimization of this technology in clinical practice.Methods:A total of 348 patients with rectal cancer who were scheduled for surgical treatment in Xinxiang Central Hospital from January 2021 to June 2024 were selected,and rectal cancer tissue specimens and adjacent tissues(＞5 cm away from tumor margin)were collected.This study was approved by the medical ethics committee of Xinxiang Central Hospital(approval number:2021-144-01K).The quantitative analysis parameters of DCE-MRI[Rate constant(Kep),volume transport constant(Ktrans),volume fraction of contrast agent in extracellular space(VE)]and MVD in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were compared.The quantitative analysis parameters and MVD of DCE-MRI in rectal cancer patients with different differentiation degrees and clinical stages were compared.Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between DCE-MRI parameters and differentiation degree,clinical stage and MVD in patients with rectal cancer.Results:The values of Kep value,Ktrans value,Ve value and MVD were higher in rectal cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues(P＜0.05).The Kep value,Ktrans value,Ve value and MVD of patients with low differentiated and middle differentiated rectal cancer were higher than those of patients with high differentiated rectal cancer(P＜0.05).The values of Kep value,Ktrans value,Ve value and MVD of patients with low differentiated rectal cancer were higher than those of patients with middle differentiated rectal cancer(P＜0.05).The Kep value,Ktrans value,Ve value and MVD of patients with stage Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳrectal cancer were higher than those of patients with stage Ⅰ rectal cancer(P＜0.05).The Kep value,Ktrans value,Ve value and MVD of patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ rectal cancer were higher than those of patients with stage Ⅱ rectal cancer(P＜0.05).The Kep value,Ktrans value,Ve value and MVD of patients with stage Ⅳ rectal cancer were higher than those of patients with stage Ⅲ rectal cancer(P＜0.05).The Kep value,Ktrans value and Ve value of rectal cancer patients were negatively correlated with the differentiation degree(r=-0.683,-0.743,-0.721,P＜0.05).The Kep value,Ktrans value and Ve value of rectal cancer patients were positively correlated with clinical stage(r=0.764,0.703,0.814,P＜0.05).The Kep value,Ktrans value and Ve value of rectal cancer patients were positively correlated with MVD(r=0.812,0.754,0.835,P＜0.05).Conclusion:DCE-MRI parameters are related to the differentiation degree,clinical stage and microangiogenesis of rectal cancer.

Background and purpose:Tumor microangiogenesis is an important basis for tumor growth and metastasis,and its characteristics include angiogenesis,increased vascular permeability and abnormal capillary structure.Microangiogenesis not only affects the blood supply and metabolism of tumor,but also is directly related to the invasion,prognosis and treatment response of tumor.Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)is a non-invasive imaging technique.By quantitatively analyzing the distribution and dynamic changes of contrast agents in tumor tissues,it can reflect the microvascular density(MVD),permeability and blood perfusion of tumors.The purpose of this study was to further clarify the application value of DCE-MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer by in-depth analysis of the relationship between quantitative analysis parameters of rectal cancer and microangiogenesis,and to promote the popularization and optimization of this technology in clinical practice.Methods:A total of 348 patients with rectal cancer who were scheduled for surgical treatment in Xinxiang Central Hospital from January 2021 to June 2024 were selected,and rectal cancer tissue specimens and adjacent tissues(＞5 cm away from tumor margin)were collected.This study was approved by the medical ethics committee of Xinxiang Central Hospital(approval number:2021-144-01K).The quantitative analysis parameters of DCE-MRI[Rate constant(Kep),volume transport constant(Ktrans),volume fraction of contrast agent in extracellular space(VE)]and MVD in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were compared.The quantitative analysis parameters and MVD of DCE-MRI in rectal cancer patients with different differentiation degrees and clinical stages were compared.Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between DCE-MRI parameters and differentiation degree,clinical stage and MVD in patients with rectal cancer.Results:The values of Kep value,Ktrans value,Ve value and MVD were higher in rectal cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues(P＜0.05).The Kep value,Ktrans value,Ve value and MVD of patients with low differentiated and middle differentiated rectal cancer were higher than those of patients with high differentiated rectal cancer(P＜0.05).The values of Kep value,Ktrans value,Ve value and MVD of patients with low differentiated rectal cancer were higher than those of patients with middle differentiated rectal cancer(P＜0.05).The Kep value,Ktrans value,Ve value and MVD of patients with stage Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳrectal cancer were higher than those of patients with stage Ⅰ rectal cancer(P＜0.05).The Kep value,Ktrans value,Ve value and MVD of patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ rectal cancer were higher than those of patients with stage Ⅱ rectal cancer(P＜0.05).The Kep value,Ktrans value,Ve value and MVD of patients with stage Ⅳ rectal cancer were higher than those of patients with stage Ⅲ rectal cancer(P＜0.05).The Kep value,Ktrans value and Ve value of rectal cancer patients were negatively correlated with the differentiation degree(r=-0.683,-0.743,-0.721,P＜0.05).The Kep value,Ktrans value and Ve value of rectal cancer patients were positively correlated with clinical stage(r=0.764,0.703,0.814,P＜0.05).The Kep value,Ktrans value and Ve value of rectal cancer patients were positively correlated with MVD(r=0.812,0.754,0.835,P＜0.05).Conclusion:DCE-MRI parameters are related to the differentiation degree,clinical stage and microangiogenesis of rectal cancer.

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a central nervous system disease that can lead to motor,sensory,and autonomic dysfunction.Depending on the state of immune microenvironment,macrophage polarization can differentiate into M1/M2 phenotypes.The regulation of macrophage polarization by stem cells in many pathophysiological processes of SCI has become a hot topic of research in recent years.This review summarizes the relationship between macrophage polarization and SCI,and how mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and neural stem cells(NSCs)regulate macrophage polarization to improve SCI through paracrine secretion,delivery molecules,derived exosomes,and metabolic reprogramming pathways.It also summarizes the mechanism by which stem cells regulate the macrophage polarization phenotypes to promote SCI recovery through signaling pathways such as Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription(JAK/STAT),Notch,Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B(TLR4/NF-κB),phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt).The aim is to provide theoretical support for the treatment of SCI by regulating macrophage polarization with stem cells and to offer new perspectives for exploring the mechanism of stem cell therapy for SCI.

Atherosclerosis(AS)is an inflammatory cardiovascular disease characterized by plaque accumulation in the arterial wall,leading to increased morbidity and mortality of related cardiovascular disorders.The main pathological mechanisms of AS include lipid deposition,oxidative stress,and chronic inflammation,with disease progression involving endothelial cell dysfunction,macrophage polarization,foam cell formation,and smooth muscle cell proliferation or apoptosis.Mitochondria are essential organelles that provide energy for cellular metabolism,and the mitochondrial quality control(MQC)system is the fundamental mechanism maintaining mitochondrial functional homeostasis.MQC dysfunction can induce vascular phenotype changes through pathways such as oxidative stress,apoptosis,and inflammation,thereby promoting the progression of AS.Therefore,targeting MQC to regulate mitochondrial function may become a new direction for the treatment of AS.This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of MQC,including mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial dynamics,and mitochondrial autophagy(mitophagy),and further elucidates the role of abnormal MQC in the pathological processes of AS,aiming to provide a scientific basis for identifying potential targets to delay the progression of AS and developing related drugs.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of preoperative CT angiography (CTA) for incomplete endothelialization of the occluder after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) in patients with atrial fibrillation.Methods:The clinical data of 92 atrial fibrillation patients underwent LAAC in the Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2022 to June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. CTA examinations were performed both before operation and 3 months after operation. Before operation, the long diameter of left atrial appendage opening, short diameter of left atrial appendage opening, area of left atrial appendage opening, diameter of anchoring area and effective depth were measured. After operation, the condition of occluder endothelialization was evaluated, and the patients were divided into the completely endothelialization group and the incomplete endothelialization group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors of occluder incomplete endothelialization after LAAC in patients with atrial fibrillation. The predictive value of independent risk factors was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:Among the 92 patients, CTA 3 months after the operation showed that 58 cases had complete occluder endothelialization (complete endothelialization group), and 34 cases had occluder incomplete endothelialization (incomplete endothelialization group). Before operation, the long diameter of left atrial appendage opening, short diameter of left atrial appendage opening, area of left atrial appendage opening and diameter of anchoring area in incomplete endothelialization group were significantly larger than those in complete endothelialization group: (28.35 ± 1.77) mm vs. (26.21 ± 2.21) mm, (22.09 ± 2.01) mm vs. (20.86 ± 1.75) mm, (512.76 ± 63.35) mm 2 vs. (453.83 ± 75.39) mm 2 and (24.71 ± 2.50) mm vs. (23.12 ± 2.40) mm, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01); there was no statistical difference in effective depth between the two groups ( P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that the long diameter of left atrial appendage opening before operation was an independent risk factor for occluder incomplete endothelialization after LAAC in patients with atrial fibrillation ( OR = 2.141, 95% CI 1.217 to 3.768, P<0.01). ROC curve analysis result showed that the area under the curve of the long diameter of left atrial appendage opening before operation for predicting occluder incomplete endothelialization after LAAC in patients with atrial fibrillation was 0.768 (95% CI 0.674 to 0.862, P<0.01), the optimal cut-off value was 26.5 mm, the sensitivity was 88.2%, and the specificity was 55.2%. Conclusions:A larger long diameter of left atrial appendage opening before operation can lead to occluder incomplete endothelialization after LAAC in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of preoperative CT angiography (CTA) for incomplete endothelialization of the occluder after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) in patients with atrial fibrillation.Methods:The clinical data of 92 atrial fibrillation patients underwent LAAC in the Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2022 to June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. CTA examinations were performed both before operation and 3 months after operation. Before operation, the long diameter of left atrial appendage opening, short diameter of left atrial appendage opening, area of left atrial appendage opening, diameter of anchoring area and effective depth were measured. After operation, the condition of occluder endothelialization was evaluated, and the patients were divided into the completely endothelialization group and the incomplete endothelialization group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors of occluder incomplete endothelialization after LAAC in patients with atrial fibrillation. The predictive value of independent risk factors was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:Among the 92 patients, CTA 3 months after the operation showed that 58 cases had complete occluder endothelialization (complete endothelialization group), and 34 cases had occluder incomplete endothelialization (incomplete endothelialization group). Before operation, the long diameter of left atrial appendage opening, short diameter of left atrial appendage opening, area of left atrial appendage opening and diameter of anchoring area in incomplete endothelialization group were significantly larger than those in complete endothelialization group: (28.35 ± 1.77) mm vs. (26.21 ± 2.21) mm, (22.09 ± 2.01) mm vs. (20.86 ± 1.75) mm, (512.76 ± 63.35) mm 2 vs. (453.83 ± 75.39) mm 2 and (24.71 ± 2.50) mm vs. (23.12 ± 2.40) mm, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01); there was no statistical difference in effective depth between the two groups ( P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that the long diameter of left atrial appendage opening before operation was an independent risk factor for occluder incomplete endothelialization after LAAC in patients with atrial fibrillation ( OR = 2.141, 95% CI 1.217 to 3.768, P<0.01). ROC curve analysis result showed that the area under the curve of the long diameter of left atrial appendage opening before operation for predicting occluder incomplete endothelialization after LAAC in patients with atrial fibrillation was 0.768 (95% CI 0.674 to 0.862, P<0.01), the optimal cut-off value was 26.5 mm, the sensitivity was 88.2%, and the specificity was 55.2%. Conclusions:A larger long diameter of left atrial appendage opening before operation can lead to occluder incomplete endothelialization after LAAC in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Objective To explore the application value and diagnostic efficiency of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)and intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)in prognostic staging of early-stage rectal adenocarcinoma.Methods Eighty-one patients with early-stage rectal adenocarcinoma confirmed by surgery were retrospectively selected.They were examined by high-resolution MRI,IVIM and DCE-DWI before operation.According to prognostic staging criteria,they were divided into stageⅠ and stage Ⅱ A groups.The quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI and IVIM were obtained by GenIQ or MITK software respectively.The differences of parameter values between the two groups were compared by independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test,and the diagnostic efficiency was analyzed.Results The values of rate constant(Kep),volume transfer constant(Ktrans)and pseudo diffusion coefficient(D*)in stage Ⅰ group were lower than stage Ⅱ A group(P＜0.05).The f value in stage Ⅰ group was higher than stage Ⅱ A group(P＜0.05).D*and Kep values were included in the binary logistic regression equation.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves of D*,Kep values and their joint prediction probability values were obtained,and the area under the curve(AUC)were 0.791,0.770 and 0.852 respectively.The sensitivities were 90.91％,66.67％and 81.82％respectively.The specificities were 66.67％,83.33％and 79.17％respectively.Conclusion D*and Kep values have the potential to be imaging indicators of prognostic staging of early-stage rectal adenocarcinoma,and to guide the selection of clinical treatment schemes.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Ginsenosides Rg1(GS-Rg1)on the proliferation and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC),and its related mechanisms of action.Methods TSCC cells were treated with GS-Rg1 at concentrations of 1.25,2.5,5.0 and 10.0 μmol·L-1 for 48 hours.The proliferation ability of cells at different concentrations was measured by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)experiment,and the IC5ovalue of GS-Rg1 at CAL-27 for 48 hours was calculated.TSCC cells CAL-27 were divided into control group and GS-Rg1 group.The control group and GS-Rg1 group were treated with 0.9％NaCl and IC50concentration of GS-Rg1 for 48 hours,respectively.The cell cycle distribution of each group was detected by flow cytometry,and the cell metastasis ability of each group was detected by Transwell experiment.Construct TOP/FOP Flash plasmid,transfect control group and GS-Rg1 group,and detect the effect of GS-Rg1 effect on wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activity in TSCC cell CAL-27 using luciferase assay.Using wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor XAV939 treated GS-Rg1 group cells(XAV939+GS-Rg1 group),and wnt/β-catenin pathway activator HLY78 was used to treat GS-Rg1 group cells(HLY78+GS-Rg1 group)and detect changes of wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activity,the cell proliferation ability,cell cycle distribution,and metastasis ability in XAV939+GS-Rg1 group,HLY78+GS-Rg1 group and GS-Rg1 group.The expression of wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related proteins β-catenin,and its downstream cell cycle related proteins cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene(cMYC),Cyclin dependent kinase 4(CDK4),andcyclinD1,as well as metastasis related proteins E-cadherin,N-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)were detected by Western blotting in each group of cells.Results GS-Rg1 significantly inhibited the proliferation ability of TSCC cells CAL-27(P＜0.05),and the IC50value of GS-Rg1 on CAL-27 was(5.46±1.58)μmol·L-1.The ratio of GO/G1 phase cells in the control group and GS-Rg1 group were(60.65±2.16)％and(71.20±2.38)％,respectively;the number of cell transmembrane penetration were 87.33±7.51 and 50.67±3.21,respectively;the luciferase activity were 1.00±0.02 and 0.35±0.06,respectively.Compared with the control group,the GS-Rg1 group showed cell cycle arrest in GO/G1 phase,decreased cell metastasis ability,and the activity of wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the GS-Rg1 group,the activity of the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was decreased,cell proliferation ability and metastasis ability was decreased(P＜0.05),while the number of GO/G1 phase cells was increased(P＜0.05),the expression of β-catenin,cMYC,CDK4,cyclinD1,E-cadherin and MMP-2 proteins were decreased(P＜0.05),while the expression of N-cadherin protein increased in XAV939+GS-Rg1 group cells.However,the result were opposite in the HLY78+GS-Rg1 group of cells.Conclusion GS-Rg1 downregulates wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibits the proliferation and metastasis ability of TSCC cells.

In July 2023， the National Medical Products Administration issued the Measures for the Administration of Standards for Medicinal Products （hereinafter referred to as the Measures）. This article interprets the main content of the Measures， and analyzes its shortcomings as unclear definition of the drug standard code and the goals of drug standard information construction. It is recommended that the national drug regulatory department promptly apply to the standardization authority for the confirmation of the drug standard code “YB” letter， and the drug standard code and numbering rules would be included in the next round of amendments to the Measures. It is necessary to clarify the construction goals of the information system for drug standards at the same time， and build a national drug standard data-sharing platform based on the basic framework of user interface layer， computing processing layer， and data storage layer. Digital drug standards will be free， and access and download services for the public will be provided.