Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding developed a strategy for platelet and plasma infusion management in critically ill children based on systematic reviews and consensus meetings of international multidisciplinary experts. One good practice statement and six expert consensus statements were proposed for plasma and platelet transfusions in critically ill children following severe trauma, traumatic brain injury, and/or intracranial hemorrhage. This article introduces the specific methods and basis for the formation of recommendations in this part of the guide.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive value of epicardial adipose tissue （EAT） parameters for microvascular obstruction （MVO） formation in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） using cardiac magnetic resonance quantification. MethodsA total of 139 STEMI patients were included in this study， and various parameters such as EAT thickness， volume， and mass index were measured utilizing cardiac magnetic resonance. All included patients were divided into MVO group and non-MVO group according to whether MVO occurred. Differences in EAT related parameters between two groups were compared and correlation analysis was applied to evaluate the correlation between quantitative indicators of EAT and indicators such as infarct size and ejection fraction. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the relevant risk factors for MVO formation. Receiver Operating Characteristic （ROC） curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of the epicardial adipose tissue （EAT） quality index and other indicators for the occurrence of MVO. ResultsCompared with non MVO group， patients in MVO group presented with higher peak troponin T levels， increase of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio （NLR） and C-reactive protein （CRP）， larger infarct size and compromised left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） （P<0.05）. Total EAT volume， EAT mass index， left atrioventricular EAT volume， left atrioventricular EAT mass index and thickness of EAT in the left atrioventricular groove were significantly higher in patients with MVO. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that NLR， peak troponin T levels and left atrioventricular EAT mass index were independent predictors of MVO. The ROC curve suggested that the left atrioventricular EAT mass index had the highest predictive power for MVO formation in STEMI patients. ConclusionThe parameters of EAT quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance serve as imaging biomarkers for predicting MVO formation in STEMI patients. These metrics enable risk stratification post-myocardial infarction and facilitate early identification of high-risk individuals， thereby supporting personalized therapeutic decision-making.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of modified Huangqi Jianzhong decoction （HQJZ） on gastric precancerous conditions （GPC）. MethodsIn the cell experiment， human gastric mucosal epithelial cells underwent malignant transformation induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine （MNNG） for the modeling of GPC （MC cells）. The cells were allocated into four groups： control ， model， low-dose HQJZ （HQJZ-L）， and high-dose HQJZ （HQJZ-H）. The control and model groups were cultured with the complete medium， while HQJZ-L and HQJZ-H groups received additional interventions with HQJZ at low （0.5 g·L^-1） and high （1.0 g·L^-1） doses， respectively. Cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity， Transwell assay to assess cell invasion， Annexin V-FITC/PI staining to detect apoptosis， immunofluorescence assay to analyze reactive oxygen species （ROS） expression and mitochondrial autophagy， and Western blot to verify expression of proteins in key pathways. In the animal experiment， the GPC model was established in healthy BALB/c mice through MNNG induction. Twenty-four mice were allocated into four groups： control， model， HQJZ-L， and HQJZ-H. Control and model groups received normal saline （10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1） orally， while HQJZ-L and HQJZ-H groups were administrated with low-dose （6.24 g·kg^-1·d^-1） and high-dose （12.48 g·kg^-1·d^-1） HQJZ， respectively. After treatment， hematoxylin‑eosin （HE） staining and AB-PAS staining were performed to observe histopathological changes in the gastric tissue. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect reactive oxygen species （ROS） and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3） levels in the gastric mucosa， TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） staining to assess apoptosis rates， and Western blotting and immunohistochemistry （IHC） to analyze the expression levels of Ki67， proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）， and foxhead box O3 （FoxO3）. ResultsCell viability assays showed that HQJZ dose-dependently reduced MC cell viability compared with the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Transwell assays revealed that the model group exhibited enhanced cell invasion compared with the control group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， HQJZ treatment attenuated the cell invasion （P<0.05）. Gastric mucosal pathology in mice demonstrated that compared with the control group， the model group showed elevated HE and AB-PAS pathological scores （P<0.05）， while HQJZ treatment reduced these scores （P<0.05）. Transmission electron microscopy revealed increased mitochondrial number and volume in the model group compared with the control group. HQJZ treatment resulted in abnormal mitochondrial structure and significant alterations in rough endoplasmic reticulum morphology and distribution， presenting as dilated and hollow forms. Mitochondrial and apoptosis assessments indicated that compared with the control group， the model group exhibited enhanced Mito Tracker Green fluorescence （P<0.05）， no significant change in DCFH-DA fluorescence， Mito Tracker Red CMXRos fluorescence， ROS immunofluorescence， or malondialdehyde （MDA） level， increased GSH level （P<0.05）， enhanced LC3 fluorescence （P<0.05）， no significant change in apoptosis rate， and elevated ATP content in cells and mouse serum （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， HQJZ treatment reduced Mito Tracker Green fluorescence （P<0.05）， increased DCFH-DA fluorescence， Mito Tracker Red fluorescence， MDA level， LC3 fluorescence， and apoptosis rate （P<0.05）， and decreased cellular ATP content （P<0.05）. The HQJZ-L group showed no significant change in ROS immunofluorescence or GSH level， whereas the HQJZ-H group demonstrated enhanced ROS immunofluorescence and glutathione （GSH） level （P<0.05）. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting revealed that compared with the control group， the model group exhibited increased numbers of PCNA- and Ki67-positive cells （P<0.05） and elevated protein levels of FoxO3， sirtuin 1 （SIRT1）， and B-cell lymphoma 6 （Bcl-6） （P<0.05）. HQJZ treatment reduced the numbers of PCNA- and Ki67-positive cells （P<0.05） and lowered the protein levels of FoxO3， SIRT1， and Bcl-6 （P<0.05）. ConclusionHQJZ alleviates the progression of gastric precancerous lesions by regulating mitochondrial function via the FoxO3/ROS pathway and promoting apoptosis of GPC-malignant cells.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)HOXC13-AS in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues and its effects on tumor cell proliferation and migration in head and neck tumor cell lines.METHODS Clinical samples from 26 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 4 patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who were treated surgically in the Second Hospital of Jilin University from March 2024 to December 2024 were collected as research subjects.Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissue specimens and corresponding adjacent tissue specimens were selected.The expression of HOXC13-AS in 30 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Clinical data were collected to analyze the correlation between HOXC13-AS expression and various clinical pathological factors.siRNA technology was used to interfere with the expression of HOXC13-AS in laryngeal cancer cell line TU212 and hypopharyngeal squamous cell line FaDu.Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to detect cell proliferation ability,and cell scratch assay was used to detect cell migration ability.RESULTS The expression level of lncRNA HOXC13-AS in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues(12.60±11.26)was significantly higher than that in corresponding adjacent tissues(1.40±0.61),with a statistically significant difference(t=5.485,P<0.001).The expression of HOXC13-AS in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues was closely related to T stage(P=0.004),lymph node metastasis(P=0.006),and clinical stage(P=0.007)of patients.CCK-8 results showed that the absorbance values of TU212 cell line groups at 24,48,and 72 h were si-NC group(0.373±0.010,0.738±0.026,1.003±0.124),si-HOXC13-AS-1 group(0.365±0.015,0.686±0.019,0.935±0.028),and si-HOXC13-AS-2 group(0.364±0.024,0.700±0.026,0.943±0.053),with statistically significant differences(F24 h=0.484,F48 h=7.893,F72 h=1.345,P<0.01);the absorbance values of FaDu cell line groups at 24,48,and 72 h were si-NC group(0.727±0.054,0.834±0.072,1.224±0.127),si-HOXC13-AS-1 group(0.532±0.005,0.650±0.079,1.021±0.044),and si-HOXC13-AS-2 group(0.647±0.088,0.687±0.025,1.074±0.055),with statistically significant differences(F24 h=16.143,F48 h=14.259,F72 h=9.409,P<0.001).Cell scratch assay showed that the migration rates of TU212 cell line groups at 12 and 24 h were si-NC group(38.971%±3.824%,69.185%±0.469%),si-HOXC13-AS-1 group(18.182%±2.580%,33.378%±2.302%),and si-HOXC13-AS-2 group(25.017%±0.288%,48.413%±0.805%),with statistically significant differences(F12 h=47.295,F24 h=471.745,P<0.0001);The migration rates of FaDu cell lines in each group at 12 and 24 hours were as follows:si-NC group(39.067%±3.196%,58.222%±0.448%),si-HOXC13-AS-1 group(13.689%±0.132%,39.358%±3.985%),and si-HOXC13-AS-2 group(23.335%±0.680%,35.526%±0.758%),with statistically significant differences(F12 h=138.1,F24 h=101.749,P<0.0001).CONCLUSION HOXC13-AS is significantly upregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues and cells,and is associated with the clinical pathological characteristics of patients.Silencing HOXC13-AS can significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of head and neck tumor cells.

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are porous materials composed of metal ions or metal clusters and organic ligands by coordination,which have the advantages of large specific surface area,good thermal stability and adjustable pore size,and have a promising application in gas chromatographic separation.In recent years,MOFs materials have been used as stationary phases for gas chromatography mainly including ZIF,MIL,UiO-66,HKUST-1,IRMOFs,etc.Based on the molecular sieve effect,van der Waals forces,hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions,the pore size,pore microenvironment,unsaturated metal site and special functional group of the MOFs stationary phase materials can be specifically designed and regulated.MOFs materials as stationary phases have unique separation performance for n-alkanes and their isomers,aromatic compounds and their isomers,alcohols/ketones/aldehydes and their isomers,and chiral compounds.The combination of organic polymers and novel nanomaterials with MOFs materials can improve the separation performance and stability of MOFs.Therefore,MOFs materials are expected to be the promising stationary phase that can be applied to gas separation in complex environments.In this article,the research advances of various stationary phases based on MOFs for gas chromatography in recent years were reviewed.The separation performance and separation mechanism of MOFs stationary phases for mixed gas samples were discussed,and the development trends in the future were prospected.

Nitrogen oxides(NOx=NO+NO2)are important precursors of ozone(O3),and NOx and its oxides together constitute reactive nitrogen oxides(NOy)in the atmosphere.A comprehensive understanding of the total NOy level in the atmosphere is of great significance for a deeper understanding of the atmospheric nitrogen cycle and oxidation,as well as for formulating strategies for air pollution prevention and control.In this work,a thermal decomposition-broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy(TD-BBCEAS)technique for online measurement of total NOy in the atmosphere was developed.With this method,the NOy was efficiently converted into NO2,and the total NOy concentration in the atmosphere was indirectly obtained by measuring NO2.Focusing on the key factors affecting the measurement of total NOy,the influence of NO titration efficiency and other NOy component TD efficiency on measurement accuracy was emphasized.By changing the oxygen(O2)flow rate through the mercury lamp to alter the O3 concentration for titrating NO,the conversion efficiency of NO was evaluated.At O2 flow rate of 6 mL/min,the conversion efficiency of NO was greater than 99%.TD efficiency testing and analysis on NO2,peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN),nitric acid(HNO3),and nitrous acid(HONO),which account for a large proportion of atmospheric NOy components,was carried out using 680℃as the optimal TD temperature for efficient conversion of NOy.With NO and HONO sample gases as typical verification gases,the conversion efficiency of NOy and the accuracy of NOy measurement by TD-BBCEAS system were verified by switching the on and off modes of mercury lamp and TD device.At integration time of 60 s,the detection limit of the system for NOy was 2.83×1010 molecules/cm3(60 s,2σ).A comparative measurement of actual atmospheric NOy was conducted between the TD-BBCEAS system and the NOy analyzer.The observation results showed a correlation coefficient(R2)of 0.98 and a slope of 0.93,further verifying the feasibility and accuracy of applying the TD-BBCEAS system to measurement of total NOy.

A quantitative analytical method was established for 275 kinds of metabolites in plasma based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry/multiple reaction monitoring-selected ion monitoring(UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MRM-SIM)technique.Based on UHPLC-high resolution(HRMS)/full MS-parallel reaction monitoring(PRM)technique,165 kinds of lipid metabolites in plasma were qualitatively identified and quantitatively detected to address the analytical challenges of lipid isomers.This quantitative metabolomics approach was successfully applied to a rat myocardial infarction study,identifying and quantifying 372 kinds of metabolites in total.Comparative analysis with the sham-operated group revealed significant alterations in 59 kinds of plasma metabolites in myocardial infarction rats.Key metabolic pathways,which included amino acid metabolism(alanine,aspartate,and glutamate metabolism;glycine,serine,and threonine metabolism,etc.),one-carbon unit metabolism,and tricarboxylic acid cycle,were significantly disrupted.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum microRNA-132(miRNA-132)and mi-croRNA-345(miRNA-345)expression,tumor markers and prognosis in gastric cancer patients.Methods A total of 103 gastric cancer patients from the hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected as study group.82 patients with benign gastric diseases in the hospital during the same period were selected as the benign group.Another 61 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations in the hospital during the same period were selected as control group.Real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)was used to measure the expression of miRNA-132 and miRNA-345.The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate anti-gen 199(CA199)and glycoprotein antigen 724(CA724)were measured using electrochemiluminescence.All patients were followed up until June 2024,and the overall survival(OS)of gastric cancer patients was calcu-lated through outpatient or telephone follow-up.Results The relative expression level of miRNA-132 in the serum of the study group was higher than that of the benign group and the control group(P＜0.05),while the relative expression level of miRNA-345 was lower than that of the benign group and the control group(P＜0.05).The serum levels of CEA,CA199,and CA724 in the study group were higher than those in the be-nign group and the control group(P＜0.05).Pearson analysis showed that miRNA-132 was positively correla-ted with CEA,CA199,and CA724(P＜0.05),while miRNA-345 was negatively correlated with CEA,CA199,and CA724(P＜0.05).Patients with a relative expression level of miRNA-132≤2.76 had better OS than those with a relative expression level of miRNA-132＞2.76(P＜0.05).Patients with a relative expres-sion level of miRNA-132 greater than 0.37 have better OS than those with a relative expression level of miR-NA-132≤0.37(P＜0.05).High expression of miRNA-132 and low expression of miRNA-345 were risk fac-tors affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with gastric cancer have high expression of miRNA-132 and low expression of miRNA-345,and the expression of miRNA-132 and miRNA-345 is closely related to tumor markers and prognosis,which is worthy of clinical reference.

Objective To investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types in patients with primary Sj?gren's syndrome(PSS),and to explore the correlation between TCM syndrome types and laboratory findings of immunological parameters and inflammatory cytokines.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 326 patients with PSS who attended the Department of Rheumatology of Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,from January 2018 to December 2022.Analysis was carried out for the distribution of TCM syndrome types,namely yin deficiency and blood dryness syndrome,deficiency of qi and yin syndrome,internal retention of damp-heat syndrome,and stagnant heat in the collateral syndrome,in PSS patients.The gender,age of onset,and duration of disease of PSS patients with different TCM syndrome types were compared.And then an exploration was performed in the correlation between TCM syndrome types and laboratory findings of Sj?gren's syndrome antigen A antibody(anti-SSA),Sj?gren's syndrome antigen B antibody(anti-SSB),C-reactive protein(CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin A(IgA),interleukin 6(IL-6),complement 3(C3)and complement 4(C4).Results(1)The analysis of the distribution of TCM syndrome types showed that among the 326 patients,106 cases(32.5%)were differentiated as internal retention of damp-heat syndrome,which accounted for the most,and then came yin deficiency and blood dryness syndrome(84 cases,25.8%),stagnant heat in the collateral syndrome(78 cases,23.9%),and deficiency of qi and yin syndrome(58 cases,17.8%)in descending order.(2)There was no statistically significant difference in the gender among the PSS patients with different TCM syndrome types(P>0.05),but the differences of age of onset and the duration of disease among the PSS patients with different TCM syndrome types were statistically significant(P<0.05).The distribution of duration of disease and age of onset in the PSS patients with yin deficiency and blood dryness syndrome,deficiency of qi and yin syndrome,and stagnant heat in the collateral syndrome,internal retention of damp-heat syndrome was in descending order.(3)The analysis of the correlation between TCM syndrome types and laboratory findings showed that yin deficiency and blood dryness syndrome was positively correlated with anti-SSB,IgA,IgG,and C4;deficiency of qi and yin syndrome was positively correlated with anti-SSB,IgG,and C4;internal retention of damp-heat syndrome was positively correlated with CRP,ESR,IL-6,anti-SSA,and IgA;stagnant heat in the collateral syndrome was positively correlated with CRP,ESR,IL-6,and anti-SSA.The differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The patients with PSS are usually differentiated as internal retention of damp-heat syndrome,patients with yin deficiency and blood dryness syndrome and deficiency of qi and yin syndrome usually have longer duration of disease and older age of onset,and the patients with internal retention of damp-heat syndrome and stagnant heat in the collateral syndrome usually have shorter duration of disease and younger age of onset.The laboratory findings such as immunological parameters and inflammatory cytokine are correlated with TCM syndrome types of PSS patients to some extent,which will supply guidance for the clinical differentiation of TCM syndromes of PSS.

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in medical staff in Beijing City. Methods A total of 2 687 medical staff were selected as the research subjects using the multi-stage sampling method. The current situation of WMSDs and occupational stress, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and insomnia symptoms were investigated using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, the Core Occupational Stress Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, and the Self-Sleep Management Questionnaire. The Max-Min Hill-Climbing algorithm was used to construct a Bayesian network model to analyze the influencing factors and internal relationships of WMSDs and to conduct reasoning and prediction of the model. Results The prevalence of WMSDs among the research subjects was 88.9%. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify age, educational level, personal monthly income, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, insomnia symptoms, prolonged forward-head desk work, and prolonged static posture work to construct the Bayesian network model. The model consisted of nine nodes and eleven directed edges. Prolonged static posture work, prolonged forward-head desk work, and anxiety symptoms were directly related to WMSDs. Age and educational level were indirectly related to WMSDs through their influence on prolonged forward-head desk work. Depression symptoms were indirectly associated with WMSDs through their influence on anxiety symptoms. The model's prediction accuracy was 90.5%. Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs among medical staff in Beijing City is relatively high. Prolonged static posture work, prolonged forward-head desk work, and anxiety symptoms may directly increase the risk of developing WMSDs.