PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to estimate the current prevalence of varicocele and their effect on the testicular volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relationship between testicular volume and the degree of varicocele, as classified by Dubin-Amelar, was evaluated in 1,281 Korean school boys, between 15 and 18 years of age. All examinations were carried out by a single urologist, and the testicular volume was measured in the upright posture using a Prader's orchidometer. All the boys were assessed for their previous medical history, family history. RESULTS: There was a 12.9% prevalence of varicocele in the adolescents. The mean testicular volume in the control groups was 14.29+/-2.10ml on the left and 14.45+/-2.13ml on the right. Patients with left varicocele had a testicular volume of 13.09+/-2.34ml on the left and 13.24+/-2.32ml on the right. The testicular volume of patients with a grade I varicocele were similar to those in the control group. Patients with grade II and III varicoceles had significantly smaller testes than the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in testicular volume due to a varicocele correlated with the severity of the varicocele grade. Careful evaluation for testicular volume loss, and early surgical intervention, should be offered to adolescent patients with varicoceles.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Posture ; Prevalence* ; Testis ; Varicocele*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to estimate the current prevalence of varicocele and their effect on the testicular volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relationship between testicular volume and the degree of varicocele, as classified by Dubin-Amelar, was evaluated in 1,281 Korean school boys, between 15 and 18 years of age. All examinations were carried out by a single urologist, and the testicular volume was measured in the upright posture using a Prader's orchidometer. All the boys were assessed for their previous medical history, family history. RESULTS: There was a 12.9% prevalence of varicocele in the adolescents. The mean testicular volume in the control groups was 14.29+/-2.10ml on the left and 14.45+/-2.13ml on the right. Patients with left varicocele had a testicular volume of 13.09+/-2.34ml on the left and 13.24+/-2.32ml on the right. The testicular volume of patients with a grade I varicocele were similar to those in the control group. Patients with grade II and III varicoceles had significantly smaller testes than the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in testicular volume due to a varicocele correlated with the severity of the varicocele grade. Careful evaluation for testicular volume loss, and early surgical intervention, should be offered to adolescent patients with varicoceles.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Posture ; Prevalence* ; Testis ; Varicocele*

Priapism is a prolonged erection of the corpus cavernosum that is unaccompanied by sexual desire. It has been classified into 2 main groups: primary (idiopathic) or secondary. The common conditions associated with a secondary priapism include sickle cell anemia, trauma, leukemia, a cancerous invasion of the penis, drugs, alcohol ingestion, various venous thromboembolic diseases, intravenous fat for parenteral nutrition, and other less common disorders.1 A splenectomy has not been previously identified as a predisposing factor except for a report of 3 cases of priapism who underwent a splenectomy.2 We experienced a case of recurrent priapism following a splenectomy that developed in 30 years old man.
Adult ; Anemia, Sickle Cell ; Causality ; Eating ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Male ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Penis ; Priapism* ; Splenectomy*

PURPOSE: We compared the recurrence rate and mean interval to recurrence according to tumor grade after complete transurethral resection and adjuvant intravesical instillation with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), in patients with stage T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1994 and May 2000, 31 patients presenting to our hospital with T1 superficial bladder cancer received adjuvant intravesical instillation with BCG after complete transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. Tumors with CIS lesion or recurrent tumors were excluded. The recurrence rates, mean interval to recurrence, tumor size and number of tumors were compared according to tumor grade. RESULTS: Of the 31 patients, 5 presented with grade I tumor, 17 with grade II tumor and 9 with grade III tumor. Mean follow-up period was 22 months (range 6-58) and mean tumor sizes according to tumor grade were 1.6, 1.6 and 1.7cm in grade I, II and III, respectively. Twelve (38.7%) patients experienced tumor recurrence. The recurrence rates according to tumor grade were 20.0%, 41.2% and 44.4% in grade I, II and III, respectively. Mean interval to recurrence were 40, 11.4 and 7.5 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the recurrence rates were higher in grade II and III tumors than in grade I tumor. Therefore close follow-up is necessary in both grade II and III tumors.
Administration, Intravesical ; Bacillus ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Recurrence* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Ultrasonography* ; Varicocele*

No abstract available.
Peripheral Nerves*

No abstract available.
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: Our aim is to identify the false negative rate of doppler ultrasonography and to compare color doppler ultrasonography with pathologic findings during testis torsion in animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen male house rabbits weighted 1.9-2.6kg were examined with doppler ultrasonography as control group and 1 rabbit was orchiectomized as pathologic control group. In 16 rabbits, right spermatic cord was torqued 720o count-clockwise and placed back into the scrotum, and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 48 hours after torsion, doppler ultrasonographic and pathologic findings were examined at twisted testicles. RESULTS: In 1 hour and 3 hours group, false negative rate of doppler ultrasonography were 100% and 6 hours after torsion false nagative rate was 63%. Nine hours after torsion false negative rate was 50%, 12 hours after torsion false negative rate was 25%. But after 18 hours group, all had decreased or disappeared blood flow. Before 9 hours after torsion, there was no pathologic changes in seminiferous tubules. In seminiferous tubules, number of spermatid decreased in 12 hours group and spermatid was absent and spermatocyte were markedly degenerated in 18 hours group. In 48 hours group, spermatid and spermatocyte were absent, number of Sertoli cell decreased markedly and diffuse infarction were seen. CONCLUSIONS: As time goes by, false negative rate of doppler ultrasonography was decreased. So if blood flow have been normal when doppler ultrasonography was done before 12 hours after torsion, doppler ultrasonography should be re-examined in suspected testis before 12 hours after torsion because of spermatocytes are degenerated after 12 hours.
Animals* ; Humans ; Infarction ; Male ; Models, Animal* ; Rabbits ; Scrotum ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Spermatic Cord ; Spermatids ; Spermatocytes ; Testis* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

PURPOSE: There diagnostic modalities have been commonly used to detect prostate cancer to date: digital rectal examination (DRE), serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and transrectal ultrasonography(TRUS). We evaluated the diagnostic values of these three modalities in the early detection of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed 215 patients with low urinary tract symptoms who had pathologic diagnosis for prostatic cancer was possible by biopsy or transurethral resection. Transectal ultrasonography guided sextant biopsies were performed if the PSA level was greater than 4.0 ng/ml or DRE was suspicious, even if TRUS revealed no ateas suspicious for cancer. TURP were performed without TRUS or biopsies if the PSA level was lesser than 4.0 ng/ml and DRE was negative. RESULTS: Of the 215 patients, 36 (16.7%) revealed prostate cancer. Positive predictive value, sensitivity and specificity was 37.0%. 83.3%. 71.5% for DRE, 30.0%, 91.7%, 58.3% for PSA and 27.6% 58.3%. 43.3% for TRUS respectively. Positive findings on serum PSA or DRE or both tests detected significantly more tumors(97.2%, 35of 36 cancers) than only PSA (91.7%, 33 for 36 cancers), DRE (83.3%, 30 of 36 cancers) and TRUS (60.0%, 21 of 35 cancers) alone. CONCLUSIONS: These result shows that DRE is more valuable and cost effective method for detection of prostate cancer than serum PSA and the use of DRE in conjunction with serum PSA enhances prostate cancer detection.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Digital Rectal Examination* ; Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Ultrasonography* ; Urinary Tract