Objective　To study the role of exogenous myelin basic protein(MBP) in neural repairment. Methods　Adult New Zealand rabbits were employed in vivo preparation. A 12 μL nerve growth chamber was created by suturing the proximal and distal stumps of a transected facial never (FN) trunk into a tube. The regenerated nerves within the chambers were dissected and fixed for histological studies with light microscope at 4,6 and 8 weeks respectively following the surgery. Results　Morphological analysis of nerves showed no difference between the MBP and control group in the size of the regeneration FN within the chambers, diameters of myelinated axons, thickness of myelin sheath and number of myelin axons grew into the distal end of chamber at 4 weeks. At 6 and 8 weeks after operation, the MBP group showed a more mature-appearance regenerative nerve comparing to control group. Especially, the enhancement of maturation in the regeneration axons was very noticeable at 6 weeks. Conclusion　The study showed that pharmacological administration of exogenous MBP within a chamber at the time of entubational nerve repair enhances regeneration of myelinated axons across the sectioned ends of FN.