In the past 20 years,near infrared spectrum technology has been widely used in human body monitoring due to its non-invasive and real-time characteristics.Oxygen,as the main metabolic substance of the human body,is consumed the most in brain tissue.In order to prevent complications caused by a decrease in brain tissue oxygen during treatment,the patient's brain tissue blood oxygen saturation needs to be monitored in real time.Currently,most of the clinically used non-invasive cerebral blood oxygen detection equipments use dual wavelengths.Other substances on the detection path will cause errors in the measurement results.Therefore,this article proposes a three-wavelength method based on the basic principle of non-invasive monitoring of cerebral blood oxygen using near-infrared spectrum.The brain tissue oxygen saturation monitoring method of detecting light sources was initially verified through the built system,laying the foundation for subsequent system engineering.

Based on the theory of engineering medicine,a consensus which takes the basic medical ethics of harm reduction as the starting point is proposed to addresses the current clinical problems of a wide variety of radiotherapy setup equipments and methods,large differences by principles,and inaccurate setup.The consensus is formed in two aspects.(1)Advocate coordination of multiple setup methods for joint setup;collect,compare,analyze and screen data on setup methods;determine the operational guidelines and methods for joint setup based on the principle of standardized and unified clinical consistency,with a view to achieving the clinical purpose of greatly ensuring the precision of radiotherapy setup and radiotherapy safety without relying on the golden standard.(2)Standardize the operational methods for tracing setup deviations,so that when the difference in setup leads to poor clinical consistency,the cause of deviation can be traced and the effectiveness of different setups can be screened.Based on the concept of engineering medicine,the consensus is expected to standardize the method of radiotherapy setup,realize accurate radiotherapy,improve treatment effect and show medical ethical care.

Based on the theory of engineering medicine,a consensus which takes the basic medical ethics of harm reduction as the starting point is proposed to addresses the current clinical problems of a wide variety of radiotherapy setup equipments and methods,large differences by principles,and inaccurate setup.The consensus is formed in two aspects.(1)Advocate coordination of multiple setup methods for joint setup;collect,compare,analyze and screen data on setup methods;determine the operational guidelines and methods for joint setup based on the principle of standardized and unified clinical consistency,with a view to achieving the clinical purpose of greatly ensuring the precision of radiotherapy setup and radiotherapy safety without relying on the golden standard.(2)Standardize the operational methods for tracing setup deviations,so that when the difference in setup leads to poor clinical consistency,the cause of deviation can be traced and the effectiveness of different setups can be screened.Based on the concept of engineering medicine,the consensus is expected to standardize the method of radiotherapy setup,realize accurate radiotherapy,improve treatment effect and show medical ethical care.

Objective:To understand the current research status of master of professional degree students in clinical medicine in provincial teaching hospitals with moderate scientific research level under the " dual-track" training system.Methods:Sojump online survey was conducted to investigate the cognition, current situation and self-evaluation of all clinical master degree students in three grades in a provincial teaching hospital, and the research status of professional degree and scientific degree students was compared and analyzed respectively.Results:The proportion of scientific degree students participating in scientific research projects was significantly higher than that of professional degree students. The proportion of professional degree students participating in scientific research projects was still not high even in the third year of graduate students. However, there was no difference between scientific degree and professional degree students in the publication of scientific research papers. The scientific degree of scientific research knowledge is significantly higher than that of professional degree students. Although scientific degree students receive more scientific research guidance from their supervisors, professional degree students communicate more with their supervisors, and the results show that professional degree students are significantly more satisfied with their supervisors, graduate policies and scientific research policies than scientific degree students. In addition, the results of graduate students found that the degree of research stress of both scientific and professional degrees exceeded 50%.Conclusions:Scientific degree is better than professional degree in research status because of professional characteristics and more research guidance from their supervisors. However, through the reform of professional degree training mode based on scientific research project management in recent years, professional degree students have been able to communicate more with their supervisors, and their satisfaction with their supervisors and colleges has significantly increased. In addition, sufficient attention should be paid to high scientific research pressure of medical graduate students.

Reports a case admitted in the Ward I of Department of Surgery of Zhengzhou Renji Hospital in June 2017. A young child who suffered destructive injury of left forearm, wrist and palm with severed 3rd-5th fingers. Tendon and neurovascular repairs of forearm, wrist and palm were performed with pedicled abdomina flap and the 3rd-5th fingers ectopic replantation in Phase I surgery. In the Phase II surgery, the abdomina flap division was carried out. The replantation of severed fingers after ectopic replantation and the reconstruction of foot defect with free anterolateral thigh flap(ALTF) were carried out in Phase III surgery. In Phase IV surgery, fingers functional reconstruction and foot flap thinning were performed. Four years after surgery, the thumb oppositions to middle, ring and little fingers could be completed, with slightly limitations. The appearance and texture of transferred foot flap were good, and the child could walk and run almost normally.

Objective:To investigate the morphological characteristics of coracoid process in different stages of temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis (TMJOA), and to provide theoretical data for clinical and anatomic study.Methods:A total of 290 patients who were diagnosed with TMJOA in the Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2015 to February 2021 were collected, including 69 males and 221 females, with age of (35.1±13.7) years (16-69 years old), 64 cases of unilateral lesions (64 sides), and 226 cases of bilateral lesions (452 sides). According to the TMJOA X-ray staging standard put forward by Ma Xuchen in 2005, the affected joints were divided into stage Ⅰ (227 sides), stage Ⅱ (38 sides), stage Ⅲ (164 sides) and stage Ⅳ (87 sides). Twenty-six patients without clinical and imaging manifestations of temporomandibular disorders in the Department of Radiology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology from October 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the control group, including 8 males and 18 females. The age was (34.3±13.9) years (17-60 years). The dicom data of each group were imported into Simplant Pro 11.04 software to measure the height of coracoid process, anteversion angle and the ratio of coracoid vertex to mandibular corner to condylar vertex to mandibular angle. R 3.6.1 was used to analyze the difference of the morphological characteristics of coracoid process between in the affected side of TMJOA and in the both sides of the control group, in the healthy side and the affected side of unilateral patients and in different stages of TMJOA.Results:The height of the coracoid process [(16.26±2.81) mm], the ratio of the coracoid process vertex-mandibular angle point and the condyle vertex-mandibular angle point distance [0.96(0.92,1.01)] on the affected side of TMJOA were significantly higher than those in the control group [(15.31±3.03) mm; 0.95(0.89, 0.99)] ( t=2.18, P=0.033; Z=2.87, P=0.004). There was no significant difference between the ante-version angle and the control group ( t=-1.37, P=0.176). The ratio of the distance between the apex of the coracoid process and the apex of the mandibular angle to the apex of the condyle and the angle of the mandible in the affected side of unilateral patients was significantly greater than that in the healthy side ( t=-3.46, P=0.001). There was no significant difference in coracoid height, coracoid anteversion angle and the healthy side ( t=-1.85, P=0.069; t=-0.06, P=0.955) in different periods. The intra-group analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the height of the coracoid process in different stages ( F=0.37, P=0.774). There was no significant difference in the ante-version angle of the coracoid process: stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, and stage Ⅲ ( P>0.008), but all were significantly smaller than stage Ⅳ ( PⅠ-Ⅳ<0.001, PⅡ-Ⅳ=0.009, PⅢ-Ⅳ<0.001). The ratio of the distance between coracoid apex-mandibular angle and condyle apex-mandibular angle: there was no significant difference in stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, and stage Ⅲ ( P>0.008), and stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅲ were significantly smaller than stage Ⅳ ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The coracoid height and the ratio of the coracoid apex-mandibular angle to the condyle apex-mandibular angle distance on the TMJOA side were significantly greater than those without temporomandibular joint disorders. The bone deposition was mainly concentrated in the upper and posterior part of the condyle. TMJOA had a certain correlation with the height of the coracoid process.

Objective To find frontal lobe-amygdala functional connections in different age paragraph female patients with bipolar disorder. Methods The FMRI date were acquired from 30 patients with bipolar disorder aged 13 to 25 years old and 30 age-and education level-and gender-matched health controls.FMRI was also conducted on 30 patients with bipolar disorder aged 26 to 45 years old and 30 age-and education level-and gender-matched health controls.The date was calculated by using MATLAB based DPARSF software. Results Compared with corresponding health controls, the lobe-amygdala functional connections significantly decreased in patients aged 13 to 25 years but remained unchanged in patients aged 26 to 45 years old. Conclusions The decrease in the frontal lobe-amygdala functional connections decreased in female patients aged 13 to 25 years old may be related to the underdevelopment in vulnerable immature brain.In contrast, the frontal lobe-amygdala functional connections in female patients aged 26 to 45 years old remain intact.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the different expressions of ER and ER gene status between primary and relapsed/metastatic lesions and their clinical significance.

METHODSER and ER gene status of primary and relapse/metastatic breast cancer masked in 70 metastatic breast cancer patients were assessed by determination of methylation status by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), respectively.

RESULTSPositive rate of ER in the primary breast cancers was 64.3%, and in the relapse/metastatic lesions was 41.4% (P < 0.05). There were six patients whose positive ER status was changed to negative, among them the ER gene status was changed from demethylation to hypermethylation in four cases. Another four patients with negative ER status changed to positive, and their ER gene hypermethylation changed to ER demethylation status.

CONCLUSIONSThe discordance of ER expression status in primary and relapse/metastatic lesions of breast cancer might be related to DNA methylation status.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms, Male ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; secondary ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Receptors, Estrogen ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the nonvolatile chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of the stems of Pogostemon cablin.

METHODThe constituents were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis.

RESULTTwelve compounds were isolated and identified as tilianin (1), diosmetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3"-O-methylcrenatoside (3), uracil (4), soya-cerebroside I and II (5), agastachoside (6), apigenin-7-O-(3", 6"-di-(E) -p-coumaroyl) -beta-D-galactopyranoside (7), 5-hydroxy-3, 3', 4', 7- tetramethoxy flavone (8), 4', 5-dihydroxy-3, 3', 7-trimethoxyflavone (9), acacetin (10), crenatoside (11), isocrenatoside (12).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1, 2, 4-7, 10 were isolated from the genus Pogostemon for the first time.

Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis