Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are used in various products, and PFAS have been detected in outdoor clothing. PFAS can be absorbed into the human body via oral ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. In this study, we examined the association between the frequency of using outdoor clothing and serum PFAS concentrations in the Korean population using data from cycle 4 (2018–2020) of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey. Methods: Data from 2,993 adult participants were analyzed. The participants were classified into low-concentration and high-concentration groups based on the 75th percentile concentration of serum PFAS. The use of outdoor clothing was categorized into three groups: non-use, <4 times a week, and ≥4 times a week. The odds ratio (OR) for serum PFAS levels associated with use of outdoor clothing was determined through logistic regression analysis, adjusted for demographic characteristics, health-related factors, PFAS-treated items, dietary factors, and ventilation time. Results: ORs for high serum PFAS were higher in groups using outdoor clothing compared to the non-user group. In males, the adjusted ORs for the < 4 times a week and ≥ 4 times a week outdoor clothing usage group were as follows: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–1.44) and 1.70 (1.40–2.07); perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), 1.49 (1.16–1.92) and 1.70 (1.22–2.37); and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), 1.34 (1.19–1.51) and 1.68 (1.38–2.05), respectively. In females, the respective ORs were as follows: PFOA 1.32 (95% CI: 1.19–1.46) and 1.53 (1.01–2.32); PFHxS, 1.46 (1.08–1.96) and 2.63 (2.10–3.29); PFNA, 1.38 (1.22–1.55) and 1.45 (1.07–1.96). Conclusions In adults, elevated serum PFAS levels were associated with increased frequency of using outdoor clothing.

Benzophenone-3 is a type of ketone with 2 benzene rings attached to a carbonyl group (C=O) and one benzene ring attached to a hydroxyl group (-OH). As an endocrine-disrupting chemical, benzophenone-3 is known to be associated with reproductive, developmental, thyroid, and endocrine toxicities. Benzophenone-3 is commonly used in hair products, cosmetics, and ultraviolet (UV) filters because of its characteristic property to absorb UV light. This study aims to investigate the association between the use of hair products and urine benzophenone-3 using the data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 4 (2018–2020), which represents the Korean population.

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are non-aromatic organic compounds, whose hydrogen atoms in the carbon chain substituted by fluorine atoms. PFASs exhibit developmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, and hormone toxicity. PFASs are used in the production of disposable food packages, aircraft and automobile devices, cooking utensils, outdoor gear, furniture and carpets, aqueous film forming foam (AFFF), cables and wires, electronics, and semiconductors. This study aimed to determine the association between crustacean consumption and serum PFASs.

Benzophenone-3 is a type of ketone with 2 benzene rings attached to a carbonyl group (C=O) and one benzene ring attached to a hydroxyl group (-OH). As an endocrine-disrupting chemical, benzophenone-3 is known to be associated with reproductive, developmental, thyroid, and endocrine toxicities. Benzophenone-3 is commonly used in hair products, cosmetics, and ultraviolet (UV) filters because of its characteristic property to absorb UV light. This study aims to investigate the association between the use of hair products and urine benzophenone-3 using the data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 4 (2018–2020), which represents the Korean population.

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are non-aromatic organic compounds, whose hydrogen atoms in the carbon chain substituted by fluorine atoms. PFASs exhibit developmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, and hormone toxicity. PFASs are used in the production of disposable food packages, aircraft and automobile devices, cooking utensils, outdoor gear, furniture and carpets, aqueous film forming foam (AFFF), cables and wires, electronics, and semiconductors. This study aimed to determine the association between crustacean consumption and serum PFASs.

Benzophenone-3 is a type of ketone with 2 benzene rings attached to a carbonyl group (C=O) and one benzene ring attached to a hydroxyl group (-OH). As an endocrine-disrupting chemical, benzophenone-3 is known to be associated with reproductive, developmental, thyroid, and endocrine toxicities. Benzophenone-3 is commonly used in hair products, cosmetics, and ultraviolet (UV) filters because of its characteristic property to absorb UV light. This study aims to investigate the association between the use of hair products and urine benzophenone-3 using the data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 4 (2018–2020), which represents the Korean population.

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are non-aromatic organic compounds, whose hydrogen atoms in the carbon chain substituted by fluorine atoms. PFASs exhibit developmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, and hormone toxicity. PFASs are used in the production of disposable food packages, aircraft and automobile devices, cooking utensils, outdoor gear, furniture and carpets, aqueous film forming foam (AFFF), cables and wires, electronics, and semiconductors. This study aimed to determine the association between crustacean consumption and serum PFASs.

Objective: Farmers are known to have high prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). This study aims to investigate the current status of asthma and COPD in domestic and foreign farmers with the ultimate goal of raising awareness of asthma and COPD among farmers and contribute to supporting evidence for the prevention of respiratory diseases in farmers. Methods: The study utilized data from the "Farmer’s Occupational Disease Survey," conducted by the Rural Development Administration, to determine the prevalence of respiratory diseases in domestic farmers.The prevalence of asthma and COPD in overseas farmers was evaluated by researching other foreign studies and articles. Results: The prevalence of asthma and COPD in domestic farmers was less than of foreign farmers’.The prevalence of asthma in domestic farmers was high as upto 8.4% and COPD upto 5.5%. Studies from Europe and America showed prevalence of asthma in farmers high as upto 14.8% and COPD upto 17.1%. Conclusions This study conducted an investigation using the 'Survey on Occupational Diseases and Injuries in Farmers to understand the current status of asthma and COPD in domestic farmers. Due to a lack of relevant domestic research, we examined and compared with the research results on asthma and COPD among overseas farmers. Further research is necessary and preventive measures for respiratory diseases need to be developed.

Traumatic lip injury is one of the most common clinical conditions in facial injuries. Nonetheless, the degree of the convex and concave slopes on the vermilion border appears to be unique and dynamic; therefore, the reconstruction of the lip defect is always challenging for plastic surgeons [1]. We present a patient who fell off a motorcycle at speed and had a severe friction burn injury with a significant loss of the skin and soft tissue on the left lower lip.

Postburn scar and contracture (PBSC) occur after severe burn injuries, and the deformity causes functional problems in the patients. The patients have difficulty even with simple everyday tasks, so their socioeconomic status seems to be limited or rather to be in a poor stage. This makes the quality of their daily life very low. Certainly, sooner or later, the postburn contracture release operation is performed to restore the functions such as flexion, extension, rotation, and other movements of the injured region. We present the case of a patient who has suffered PBSC for an extended period, and, at last, she has had a PBSC releasing operation with the composite skin graft, split-thickness skin graft with a dermal substitute.