Methods: Cervical radiographs were analyzed. EOP hyperplasia was classified into three subtypes with standardized length measurements. Variables encompassed demographics, ONL-related indices, and sagittal parameters. Subtype comparisons and multivariate regression analyses (with EOP length as dependent variable) were conducted. Results: Analysis of 187 CSM patients (64.2% male) identified gender-specific patterns: males exhibited greater EOP length (9.4±6.8 mm vs. 4.6±3.4 mm, p<0.001). Type III EOP demonstrated male predominance (82.4% vs. type I 31.8%, type II 51.4%; p<0.001), with associated longer hyperplasia length (11.6±6.6 mm vs. type II 5.1±1.9 mm, p<0.001). Type III EOP was associated with higher ONL prevalence (type III 64.8% vs. type I 45.5%, type II 41.9%; p=0.010) and longer ONL osteophyte length (type III 18.8±9.8 mm vs. type I 14.2±8.1 mm, type II 14.2±9.4 mm; p=0.046). Multivariate regression confirmed male sex (β=–3.82, p=0.009), ONL osteophyte length (β=0.16, p=0.017), T1 slope (β=0.27, p=0.041), and spino-cranial angle (β=–0.19, p=0.009) as factors independently associated with EOP length (adjusted R²=0.382). Conclusions Severe EOP hyperplasia exhibits a male-predominant distribution pattern and demonstrates significant radiological associations with ONL and cervical sagittal imbalance in CSM patients. These findings advocate for EOP evaluation in clinical evaluations to identify high-risk biomechanical profiles.

Objective:To investigate the ultra-long-term antihypertensive efficacy, safety, major adverse events, and survival benefits of renal denervation (RDN) in patients with resistant hypertension (rHTN) and mild chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods:This real-world, single-center retrospective study enrolled patients with rHTN and mild CKD who underwent RDN at Tianjin First Central Hospital between October 2011 and June 2016. Office blood pressure, home self-measured blood pressure, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio were collected at baseline and at 1, 5, and 13 years post-RDN. The total daily defined dose of antihypertensive medications at 13 years post-RDN was recorded, along with endpoint events during follow-up, including cardiovascular death, all-cause death, hospitalization for heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Patients were stratified according to CKD stage (G1-G2 vs. G3a) and baseline systolic blood pressure (mild-to-moderate vs. severe hypertension), and follow-up data were compared across subgroups.Results:A total of 40 patients were included, aged (51±15) years, including 26 (65%) males. At the 13-year follow-up, office systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased by (-32±20) mmHg and (-15±14) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), respectively; reductions in home self-measured blood pressure (SBP: (-25±14) mmHg, DBP: (-10±11) mmHg) and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (SBP: (-16±9 mmHg, DBP: (-10±6) mmHg) were also observed, alongside a reduction in the total daily defined dose of antihypertensive medications by (1.1±0.9) compared to baseline. Renal function assessments showed no significant differences at 13 years versus baseline in serum creatinine ((105±51) μmol/L vs. (96±22) μmol/L), estimated glomerular filtration rate ((72±22) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2 vs. (78±17) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2), or urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ((101±86) mg/g vs. (127±82) mg/g) (all P>0.05). All-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates during follow-up were 13% (5/40) and 8% (3/40), respectively. Subgroup analysis results showed that, although CKD G1-G2 patients had smaller reductions in office SBP ((-31±20) mmHg vs. (-34±19) mmHg) and DBP ((-13±10) mmHg vs. (-25±18) mmHg) compared to G3a patients at 13 years, intergroup differences were not significant (all P>0.05). In contrast, severe hypertension subgroup exhibited greater reductions in office SBP ((-55±13) mmHg vs. (-20±10) mmHg) and DBP ((-24±17) mmHg vs. (-13±10) mmHg) versus mild-to-moderate hypertension subgroup (all P<0.05). Conclusion:RDN demonstrates sustained antihypertensive efficacy with favorable renal safety in rHTN patients with mild CKD. Patients with higher baseline systolic blood pressure may exhibit better responsiveness to RDN.

Objective:To investigate the ultra-long-term antihypertensive efficacy, safety, major adverse events, and survival benefits of renal denervation (RDN) in patients with resistant hypertension (rHTN) and mild chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods:This real-world, single-center retrospective study enrolled patients with rHTN and mild CKD who underwent RDN at Tianjin First Central Hospital between October 2011 and June 2016. Office blood pressure, home self-measured blood pressure, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio were collected at baseline and at 1, 5, and 13 years post-RDN. The total daily defined dose of antihypertensive medications at 13 years post-RDN was recorded, along with endpoint events during follow-up, including cardiovascular death, all-cause death, hospitalization for heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Patients were stratified according to CKD stage (G1-G2 vs. G3a) and baseline systolic blood pressure (mild-to-moderate vs. severe hypertension), and follow-up data were compared across subgroups.Results:A total of 40 patients were included, aged (51±15) years, including 26 (65%) males. At the 13-year follow-up, office systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased by (-32±20) mmHg and (-15±14) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), respectively; reductions in home self-measured blood pressure (SBP: (-25±14) mmHg, DBP: (-10±11) mmHg) and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (SBP: (-16±9 mmHg, DBP: (-10±6) mmHg) were also observed, alongside a reduction in the total daily defined dose of antihypertensive medications by (1.1±0.9) compared to baseline. Renal function assessments showed no significant differences at 13 years versus baseline in serum creatinine ((105±51) μmol/L vs. (96±22) μmol/L), estimated glomerular filtration rate ((72±22) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2 vs. (78±17) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2), or urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ((101±86) mg/g vs. (127±82) mg/g) (all P>0.05). All-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates during follow-up were 13% (5/40) and 8% (3/40), respectively. Subgroup analysis results showed that, although CKD G1-G2 patients had smaller reductions in office SBP ((-31±20) mmHg vs. (-34±19) mmHg) and DBP ((-13±10) mmHg vs. (-25±18) mmHg) compared to G3a patients at 13 years, intergroup differences were not significant (all P>0.05). In contrast, severe hypertension subgroup exhibited greater reductions in office SBP ((-55±13) mmHg vs. (-20±10) mmHg) and DBP ((-24±17) mmHg vs. (-13±10) mmHg) versus mild-to-moderate hypertension subgroup (all P<0.05). Conclusion:RDN demonstrates sustained antihypertensive efficacy with favorable renal safety in rHTN patients with mild CKD. Patients with higher baseline systolic blood pressure may exhibit better responsiveness to RDN.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of computer vision-based artificial intelligence technology in detecting and recognizing instruments and organs in the scenario of radical laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Methods:Eight complete laparoscopic distal radical gastrectomy surgery videos were collected from four large tertiary hospitals in China (First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital [three cases], Liaoning Cancer Hospital [two cases], Liyang Branch of Jiangsu Province People's Hospital [two cases], and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center [one case]). PR software was used to extract frames every 5–10 seconds and convert them into image frames. To ensure quality, deduplication was performed manually to remove obvious duplication and blurred image frames. After conversion and deduplication, there were 3369 frame images with a resolution of 1,920×1,080 PPI. LabelMe was used for instance segmentation of the images into the following 23 categories: veins, arteries, sutures, needle holders, ultrasonic knives, suction devices, bleeding, colon, forceps, gallbladder, small gauze, Hem-o-lok, Hem-o-lok appliers, electrocautery hooks, small intestine, hepatogastric ligaments, liver, omentum, pancreas, spleen, surgical staplers, stomach, and trocars. The frame images were randomly allocated to training and validation sets in a 9:1 ratio. The YOLOv8 deep learning framework was used for model training and validation. Precision, recall, average precision (AP), and mean average precision (mAP) were used to evaluate detection and recognition accuracy.Results:The training set contained 3032 frame images comprising 30 895 instance segmentation counts across 23 categories. The validation set contained 337 frame images comprising 3407 instance segmentation counts. The YOLOv8m model was used for training. The loss curve of the training set showed a smooth gradual decrease in loss value as the number of iteration calculations increased. In the training set, the AP values of all 23 categories were above 0.90, with a mAP of 0.99, whereas in the validation set, the mAP of the 23 categories was 0.82. As to individual categories, the AP values for ultrasonic knives, needle holders, forceps, gallbladders, small pieces of gauze, and surgical staplers were 0.96, 0.94, 0.91, 0.91, 0.91, and 0.91, respectively. The model successfully inferred and applied to a 5-minutes video segment of laparoscopic gastroenterostomy suturing.Conclusion:The primary finding of this multicenter study is that computer vision can efficiently, accurately, and in real-time detect organs and instruments in various scenarios of radical laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of computer vision-based artificial intelligence technology in detecting and recognizing instruments and organs in the scenario of radical laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Methods:Eight complete laparoscopic distal radical gastrectomy surgery videos were collected from four large tertiary hospitals in China (First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital [three cases], Liaoning Cancer Hospital [two cases], Liyang Branch of Jiangsu Province People's Hospital [two cases], and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center [one case]). PR software was used to extract frames every 5–10 seconds and convert them into image frames. To ensure quality, deduplication was performed manually to remove obvious duplication and blurred image frames. After conversion and deduplication, there were 3369 frame images with a resolution of 1,920×1,080 PPI. LabelMe was used for instance segmentation of the images into the following 23 categories: veins, arteries, sutures, needle holders, ultrasonic knives, suction devices, bleeding, colon, forceps, gallbladder, small gauze, Hem-o-lok, Hem-o-lok appliers, electrocautery hooks, small intestine, hepatogastric ligaments, liver, omentum, pancreas, spleen, surgical staplers, stomach, and trocars. The frame images were randomly allocated to training and validation sets in a 9:1 ratio. The YOLOv8 deep learning framework was used for model training and validation. Precision, recall, average precision (AP), and mean average precision (mAP) were used to evaluate detection and recognition accuracy.Results:The training set contained 3032 frame images comprising 30 895 instance segmentation counts across 23 categories. The validation set contained 337 frame images comprising 3407 instance segmentation counts. The YOLOv8m model was used for training. The loss curve of the training set showed a smooth gradual decrease in loss value as the number of iteration calculations increased. In the training set, the AP values of all 23 categories were above 0.90, with a mAP of 0.99, whereas in the validation set, the mAP of the 23 categories was 0.82. As to individual categories, the AP values for ultrasonic knives, needle holders, forceps, gallbladders, small pieces of gauze, and surgical staplers were 0.96, 0.94, 0.91, 0.91, 0.91, and 0.91, respectively. The model successfully inferred and applied to a 5-minutes video segment of laparoscopic gastroenterostomy suturing.Conclusion:The primary finding of this multicenter study is that computer vision can efficiently, accurately, and in real-time detect organs and instruments in various scenarios of radical laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the s ynergy between centralized drug volume-based purchasing （called“volume- based purchasing”for short ）and medical insurance negotiation policy. METHODS ：From the aspects of economic and social benefits ， the synergy of volume-based purchasing and medical insurance negotiation was analyzed by using the methods of literature analysis，policy interpretation and interview. The corresponding suggestions were put forward for the problems of the supply and use of drugs. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：The synergy of volume-based purchasing and medical insurance negotiation in terms of economic benefits include medical insurance fund management optimization to improve fund utilization efficiency improvement ； medical insurance fund payment optimization to reduce transaction cost ；network promotion of medical security information platform to reduce the cost of information exchange. The synergy of volume-based purchasing and medical insurance negotiation in terms of social benefits includes relevant index assessment of drug quality evaluation to improve drug quality evaluation system ； medical service level improvement to form compound medical insurance payment mode under total budget management ；enterprise supervision driven by market to reduce the pressure of government supervision. The relevant departments should continue to strengthen the comprehensive management of medical institutions to reduce the phenomenon of irrational drug use ；strengthen policy convergence ，avoid the poor implementation of medical insurance drug adjustment policy ，so that the policy dividend of volume-based purchasing and medical insurance negotiation can benefit the people more through system reform ，optimal allocation of funds ，etc.

Objective To prospectively summary the piercing-out position,direction,length and piercing-in position of perforator,and investigate the feasibility of preoperative design and optimization of the anterolateral thigh flap and its clinical application.Methods All 58 cases of anterolateral thigh flaps were designed and taken from the lateral thigh area from January,2014 to January,2016.Portable Doppler ultrasound was used before an operation to detect the piercing-out position (point P) of perforators.The direction and length (lower subcutaneous segment of perforators) of perforators after leaving piercing-out position were observed during the operation.And the piercing-in positions (point P') on superficial fascia and the dermis were observed.Based on this,we added line B (anterior superior spine-lateral femoral epicondyle) and line C (anterior superior spine-the middle point of superior border of patella) in the lateral and anterior side of original ilium-patella line in the thigh (line A),respectively.Results All perforators found in 58 cases before and during the operations were located on line A or between line A and line B.No perforators were found between line A and line C.Perforators walked toward the anterior medial side after leaving the muscle membrane.The perforator vascular subcutaneous segment (distance between point P and point P') was (2.02±0.23) cm.There was rectus muscle branch in the descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery,while no rectus muscle cutaneous branch was seen.20 cases were designed by one-line method,12 cases were designed by two-line method,while 26 cases were designed by three-line method.Conclusion Advanced three-line method is beneficial to detect of the perforators on the anterior thigh lateral region and to reduce the intraoperative injury perforator vessels at the puncture point.Clinical application of the anterior lateral thigh flap is simple and reliable.

Objective To construct the objective system of 5+3 integrated clinical medicine personnel training mode.Methods For the attitude,knowledge and ability clinical medical students should have,who received 5+3 integrated training,we adopted literature research,expert interviews intending to make a preliminary questionnaire items,and invited experts and graduates to modify the expressions of the items a number of times,and eventually formed the final questionnaire that met the study objective.We asked 500 teachers in basic medicine,clinical medicine,and medical humanities and so on,to evaluate the importance of the questionnaire.406 valid questionnaires were recovered and the effective recovery rate was 81.2％.Epidata 3.1 and SPSS 19.0 were used for survey data summary statistics,exploratory factor analysis and factor weighting method were used to get the goal of talent training base,and on these basis target system was constructed.Results In 5+3 integrated medical education model,clinical medical personnel training target system included knowledge,attitude and ability of the part,a total of 9 target groups.Each group contained elements in the training target system for different weights,among which attitude included a common factor,proportion of 27.51％;knowledge consisted of three factors,the proportion of 29.34％;and the ability contained five common factors,accounting for highest proportion of 43.15％.Conclusion 5+3 integrated clinical medical talents training target system established in this study highlights the ability requirements,emphasizes the comprehensive quality training,which accords with the principles of talent training goal and the requirements of 5+3 medical education model,has certain guiding significance for the curriculum reform,and can be used for reference in the development of talents training program for medical colleges and universities.

Objective To build a multi‐level hierarchical structure model of the influencing factors for hierarchical medical system ,to identify the role relationship between all the factors and transmission pathways ,and to recommend on developing China′s hierarchical medical system . Methods Thirty influencing factors were identified in a screening based on literature review for the hierarchical medical system .On such basis ,16 influencing factors were identified by three health policy experts ,which affect operations of the current system .Interpretative structural modeling was called into play in the end to analyze the hierarchy relationship between various influencing factors and the conduction loops .Results There exist among the 16 factors a 3‐level hierarchical structureand two conduction loops .The factor directly limiting the hierarchical medical system is two‐way referral,and most internal core drivers arehuman resources development and governance mechanism.By means of self‐growth and external constraints ,they exert their influence on the operation of hierarchical medical system .Conclusions There are interactive hierarchical effects among the factors ,merging into three node elements of functional role,inter‐entity relationshipand patient participation.

Adult ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; methods ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; complications ; Male ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; etiology ; therapy