Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract,with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma accounting for over 99%of cases.Most patients are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage,and the efficacy of surgery alone is unsatisfactory.To improve the survival rate of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer,researchers have explored a comprehensive treatment model based on neoadjuvant therapy,including neoadjuvant chemotherapy,neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy,and neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemoradiotherapy.Due to the differences in treatment sensitivity between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma,this article systematically reviewed the response characteristics of different pathological types of esopha-geal cancer to neoadjuvant therapy using the latest clinical research data.

Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract,with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma accounting for over 99%of cases.Most patients are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage,and the efficacy of surgery alone is unsatisfactory.To improve the survival rate of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer,researchers have explored a comprehensive treatment model based on neoadjuvant therapy,including neoadjuvant chemotherapy,neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy,and neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemoradiotherapy.Due to the differences in treatment sensitivity between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma,this article systematically reviewed the response characteristics of different pathological types of esopha-geal cancer to neoadjuvant therapy using the latest clinical research data.

ObjectiveTo genotype Oncomelania hupensis， based on microsatellites， in different snail-bearing environments in Jiaxing City， Zhejiang Province， for population genetics analysis in order to explore the reasons and influencing factors for the existence or proliferation of snails and to provide scientific basis for effective monitoring and control of snails. MethodsA total of 90 snail samples from three populations were collected in Yaobang Village （YB） and Sanxing Village （SX） in Pinghu City， and Yunhe Farm （YH） in Xiuzhou District， all were selected for snail checking in key snail habitats of Jiaxing City in 2022. DNA of the snails was genotyped and analyzed for population genetics using nine microsatellite loci. ResultsA total of 84 alleles were observed， and the mean number of alleles （Na） was 7.889， 5.667， and 3.778 for YB， SX， and YH respectively； the number of effective alleles （NeA） was 4.807， 3.329， and 2.294， respectively； and the coefficients of inbreeding （F_IS） were 0.400， 0.377， and 0.493， respectively. Under the Infinite Allele Model （IAM）， the SX and YH might have a recent bottleneck. The NEstimator and LDNe software calculated effective population sizes （Ne） were above 31.9. AMOVA analysis showed that the variation of snails in the three populations mainly existed among individuals， accounting for 41.4% of the total variation. The value of the index of genetic differentiation between populations （F_ST） was 0.286， indicating a high degree of genetic differentiation. The results of the principal component analysis and phylogenetic tree were consistent， and the three populations were divided into two lineages， YB and SX were one lineage， and YH belonged to another independent lineage. Population history and dynamics analysis showed that the gene flow of the three populations was insufficient， population divergence history indicated that YH might have diverged from SX first， and YB was produced by the contact fusion of SX and YH. ConclusionThe genetic diversity of snail populations in Jiaxing City is generally low， and the snail populations are unstable， with a great degree of genetic differentiation and insufficient gene flow among populations. This study can provide a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the control of the snail as well as monitoring the trend of the spread of the snail.

Objective:To investigate the effects of vitrification and transplantation on mouse ovarian tissues.Methods:Female ICR mice were divided into three groups: fresh-control group ( in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization, n=9), fresh-transplanted group (ovarian tissue transplantation, in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization, n=9), frozen-transplanted group (ovarian tissue vitrification-thawed-transplantation, in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization, n=9). Additionally, frozen-thawed group (ovarian tissue vitrification-thawed, n=6) and ovariectomy group (ovariectomy, n=6) were also set up, to more directly explain the effects of vitrification and freezing on the number of follicles and the changes of endocrine function after ovarian transplantation. We determined the number of follicles by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, neovascularization by CD31 immunohistochemical staining, tissue fibrosis by Masson staining, and serum sex hormone levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) three weeks following ovarian tissue transplantation. In addition, we counted the number of oocytes obtained, oocytes in vitro fertilized, as well as blastocysts. Results:The number of total follicles in both the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group significantly decreased compared with the fresh-control group (all P<0.001) and the frozen-thawed group (all P<0.001). The CD31-positive rate of ovarian tissues in the fresh-transplanted group was significantly higher than that in the fresh-control group ( P=0.044). Although the CD31-positive rate was higher in the frozen-transplanted group than in the fresh-control group, there was no statistical distinction ( P=0.162). The fibrosis area percentage of ovarian tissues in both the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group increased significantly compared with the fresh-control group ( P=0.004; P=0.005). Serum estradiol level in the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group was significantly lower than that in fresh-control group ( P=0.005; P=0.001), significantly higher than that in the ovariectomy group ( P=0.011; P=0.035). Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level in the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group was significantly higher than that in the fresh-control group ( P=0.040; P=0.012), significantly lower than that in the ovariectomy group ( P=0.001; P=0.004). In comparison to the fresh-control group, the number of oocytes retrieved in the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group decreased significantly (all P<0.001). Furthermore, the number of oocytes retrieved in the fresh-transplanted group was higher than that in the frozen-transplanted group, and yet there was no statistical difference ( P=0.272). And the number of oocytes in vitro fertilized and blastocysts in the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group were significantly lower than those in the fresh-control group (all P<0.001). The number of total follicles, CD31-positive rate, fibrosis area rate, serum estradiol, and FSH levels, the number of oocytes in vitro fertilized and blastocysts were no substantially distinction between the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group (all P>0.05). Conclusion:?After ovarian tissue vitrification-thawed and transplantation, follicular growth, endocrine function, and fertility were restored in the mouse model, confirming that ovarian tissue vitrification is an effective method for female fertility preservation. Both vitrification and transplantation could cause follicles to be lost and fertility to decrease. And post-transplantation stage is the primary stage of follicle loss during ovarian tissue frozen-thawed-transplantation, and transplantation is the predominant factor affecting the effectiveness of ovarian tissue frozen-thawed-transplantation.

Objective:To investigate the effects of vitrification and transplantation on mouse ovarian tissues.Methods:Female ICR mice were divided into three groups: fresh-control group ( in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization, n=9), fresh-transplanted group (ovarian tissue transplantation, in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization, n=9), frozen-transplanted group (ovarian tissue vitrification-thawed-transplantation, in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization, n=9). Additionally, frozen-thawed group (ovarian tissue vitrification-thawed, n=6) and ovariectomy group (ovariectomy, n=6) were also set up, to more directly explain the effects of vitrification and freezing on the number of follicles and the changes of endocrine function after ovarian transplantation. We determined the number of follicles by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, neovascularization by CD31 immunohistochemical staining, tissue fibrosis by Masson staining, and serum sex hormone levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) three weeks following ovarian tissue transplantation. In addition, we counted the number of oocytes obtained, oocytes in vitro fertilized, as well as blastocysts. Results:The number of total follicles in both the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group significantly decreased compared with the fresh-control group (all P<0.001) and the frozen-thawed group (all P<0.001). The CD31-positive rate of ovarian tissues in the fresh-transplanted group was significantly higher than that in the fresh-control group ( P=0.044). Although the CD31-positive rate was higher in the frozen-transplanted group than in the fresh-control group, there was no statistical distinction ( P=0.162). The fibrosis area percentage of ovarian tissues in both the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group increased significantly compared with the fresh-control group ( P=0.004; P=0.005). Serum estradiol level in the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group was significantly lower than that in fresh-control group ( P=0.005; P=0.001), significantly higher than that in the ovariectomy group ( P=0.011; P=0.035). Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level in the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group was significantly higher than that in the fresh-control group ( P=0.040; P=0.012), significantly lower than that in the ovariectomy group ( P=0.001; P=0.004). In comparison to the fresh-control group, the number of oocytes retrieved in the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group decreased significantly (all P<0.001). Furthermore, the number of oocytes retrieved in the fresh-transplanted group was higher than that in the frozen-transplanted group, and yet there was no statistical difference ( P=0.272). And the number of oocytes in vitro fertilized and blastocysts in the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group were significantly lower than those in the fresh-control group (all P<0.001). The number of total follicles, CD31-positive rate, fibrosis area rate, serum estradiol, and FSH levels, the number of oocytes in vitro fertilized and blastocysts were no substantially distinction between the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group (all P>0.05). Conclusion:?After ovarian tissue vitrification-thawed and transplantation, follicular growth, endocrine function, and fertility were restored in the mouse model, confirming that ovarian tissue vitrification is an effective method for female fertility preservation. Both vitrification and transplantation could cause follicles to be lost and fertility to decrease. And post-transplantation stage is the primary stage of follicle loss during ovarian tissue frozen-thawed-transplantation, and transplantation is the predominant factor affecting the effectiveness of ovarian tissue frozen-thawed-transplantation.

Objective:To study the distribution and drug resistance of Carbapenem-Resistant Organism (CRO) and to analysis the risk factors of CRO 30-day mortality.Methods:A total of 181 patients with CRO infection diagnosed in Department of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from January 2018 to June 2020 were retrospectively investigated. The clinical and laboratory data of the patients were collected, the prognosis of patients diagnosed with CRO infection in day 30 was followed up, and the risk factors of prognosis were analyzed. The clinical significance of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) active screening was further evaluated in the CRE subgroup.Results:Among the total of 181 CRO isolates, 47.2% were CRE, 37.0% were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 32.6% were Klebsiella pneumoniae, which were highly resistant to carbapenem and had high MIC value, 76.8% (139/181) of CRO were MIC of imipenem resistance≥16 μg/ml. The main sources of isolates were blood and sputum. The 30-day all-cause mortality rates of patients with CRO or CRE infection were (41.4±3.7) % and (44.7±5.4) %, respectively. The COX multivariate regression analysis showed that the level of procalcitonin >0.2 ng/ml and the MIC value of imipenem resistance ≥ 16 μg/ml were independent risk factors for 30-day mortality of CRO infected patients. The CRE subgroup analysis showed that MIC value of imipenem resistance ≥16 μg/ml were independent risk factors for 30-day mortality of CRE infected patients. The 30-day cumulative survival rate of patients with CRE active screening was higher than the patients without CRE active screening [ (68.0±9.3) % vs (50.0±6.5) %, P=0.21]. Conclusion:The high MIC value of imipenem resistance isolates seriously affects the prognosis of patients with CRO infection in the hematology department, and the mortality rate was high. CRE active screening is expected for early prevention, early diagnosis, and early treatment for high-risk patients.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of itraconazole in prevention of invasive fungal infections in allogeneic hema-topoietic stem cell transplantion .Methods In this retrospective study ,110 patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants were administed itraconazole or fluconazole for prevention of fungal infection .The occurrence and prognosis of invasive fungal infection ,and the side effect of both pyrroles were observed .Results Proven and probable invasive fungal infections occurred in 5 of 69 itraconazole recipients(7 .2% ) and in 8 of 41 fluconazole recipients(19 .5% ) during the first 180 days after transplanta-tion ,the difference had statistical significance(P<0 .05) .The fatality rate related to fungal infection had no statistical difference be-tween the two groups(2 .9% vs .7 .3% ) .The occurrence of itraconazole adverse reactions were more than fluconazole (26 .9% vs . 7 .0% ) ,and both itraconazole and fluconazole were well tolerated .Conclusion Itraconazole significantly reduces the incidence of inva-sive fungal infection in the patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants ,and it is a effective and safe prophylaxis .

This article describes the nomenclature, history and genetic evolution of duck hepatitis A virus, and updates the epidemiology, clinical symptom and surveillances of duck virus hepatitis A. It also summarizes the present status and progress of duck virus hepatitis A and illustrated the necessity and urgency of its research, which provides rationale for the control of duck hepatitis A virus disease in China.
Animals ; Ducks ; virology ; Hepatitis Virus, Duck ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal ; virology ; Picornaviridae Infections ; veterinary ; virology

Objective To explore the relationship between the apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma tissue and its adjacent tissues with the survival time of patients with esophageal carcinoma by examining the apoptosis in esophageal carcinoma tissue and its adjacent tissues.Methods FCM Wag performed to detect the rates of apoptosis in 68 cases of esophageal carcinoma and their adjacent tissues and 28 cases of normal esophageal mucosae tissue.Sixty-three patients with esophageal carcinoma had been followed up and noted the survival time of every patient from the operated day to the deadline.Results The rate of apoptosis was the highest in the normal esophageal mucosae tissue(12.78±1.32)%,(7.79±1.48)% in adjacent tissue,and(4.16±2.06)% in esophageal carcinoma tissue,respectively.To follow the survival time after operation of 63 cases with esophageal carcinoma showed 60 cases in one year survival time and 35 cases in three years survival time.The rate of apoptosis in the esophageal carcinoma and its adjacent tissues wag(3.45±1.51)% and (3.96±0.94)% in the patients of one year survival time,(3.90±2.53)% and (7.89±2.27)% in the patients of three years survival time,respectively,P<0.05.Conclusions There is the phenomenon of apoptosis-escape in the esophageal carcinogenesis.There is close relationship between the apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma tissue and the survival time after operation.The apoptosis in the adjacent tissue is more important than that in the esophageal carcinoma tissue for evaluating the survival time after operation of patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Objective To study the expression of early growth response gene-1(Egr-1)in esophageal carcinoma tissue,and to explore the relationship between Egr-1 and the survival time of the patients with esophageal carcinoma.Methods RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of Egr-1 mRNA in68 cases of esophageal carcinoma.The relationship between survival time and prognosis was analyzed.Results The expression of Egr-1 mRNA was the lowest(0.567±0.404),(0.945±0.336)and(1.201±0.347)in esophageal carcinoma tissue,para-cancerous tissue and normal esophageal mucosa tissue,respectively(F=12.709,P＜0.05,P＜0.00).21 cases showed the positive expression of Egr-1 mRNA of both the esophageal carcinoma tissue and the para-cancerous tissue.21 cases showed the positive expression of Egr-1 mRNA in a single esophageal carcinoma tissue or the para-cancerous tissue.26 cases showed the negative expression of Egr-1 mRNA both in the esophageal carcinoma tissue and the paracancerous tissue.The positive rate of Egr-1mRNA expression was 65.71%and 30.00%in the groups of the survival time for three years and the groups of the survival time for one year(P＜0.05).The survival rates in the two groups with positive expression of Egr-1 mRNA were 94.44%and 86.96%,respectively(P＞0.05).Conclusion Decreased level of EGR1 expression may be related to esophageal carcinogenesis.The expression level of Egr-1 mRNA might be associated with the survival time of the patients with esophageal carcinoma.Egr-1 expression in esophageal carcinoma tissue may be of great value for determining prognosis of esophageal carcinoma.