The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the amount of tooth reduction required for prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZCs) of maxillary and mandibular primary first molars by evaluating different areas of the tooth. A total of 271 intact primary first molars were scanned using a 3D scanner, and PZCs were virtually superimposed to analyze the amount of tooth reduction. The results indicated that in the maxillary primary first molars, more reduction was required on the buccal occlusal surface compared to the lingual occlusal surface, whereas in the mandibular primary first molars, a similar amount of reduction was required on both buccal and lingual occlusal surfaces. For the axial surfaces, the maxillary primary first molars required the most reduction on the lingual surface than buccal and proximal surfaces, whereas the mandibular primary molars required significantly less reduction on the lingual surface. Additionally, a trend was observed where larger crowns required less reduction on the buccal and lingual surfaces. This study provides detailed guidelines on the required amount of reduction for PZC restorations, contributing to more efficient preparation in clinical practice.

This study employed focus group interviews (FGIs) to evaluate the preparedness and training requirements for an emerging infectious disease response system in the Republic of Korea.Based on the FGIs, the critical role of interdepartmental cooperation in responding to emerging infectious diseases was identified, with agencies such as public health centers, police, and fire services playing key roles in scene control, decontamination, and patient transport. Frequent staff turnover and a lack of trained personnel at local government levels were significant challenges, necessitating the development of training materials for unskilled workers. Civil complaints, common during outbreaks, require public officials to be educated on legal frameworks and the management of patients’ rights. The absence of standardized procedures for managing patients, such as bed assignments considering underlying conditions and sample collection, underscores the need for comprehensive guidelines.Interviewees emphasized cross-departmental training, detailed manuals, and legal education to improve infectious disease response capabilities.

The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the amount of tooth reduction required for prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZCs) of maxillary and mandibular primary first molars by evaluating different areas of the tooth. A total of 271 intact primary first molars were scanned using a 3D scanner, and PZCs were virtually superimposed to analyze the amount of tooth reduction. The results indicated that in the maxillary primary first molars, more reduction was required on the buccal occlusal surface compared to the lingual occlusal surface, whereas in the mandibular primary first molars, a similar amount of reduction was required on both buccal and lingual occlusal surfaces. For the axial surfaces, the maxillary primary first molars required the most reduction on the lingual surface than buccal and proximal surfaces, whereas the mandibular primary molars required significantly less reduction on the lingual surface. Additionally, a trend was observed where larger crowns required less reduction on the buccal and lingual surfaces. This study provides detailed guidelines on the required amount of reduction for PZC restorations, contributing to more efficient preparation in clinical practice.

This study employed focus group interviews (FGIs) to evaluate the preparedness and training requirements for an emerging infectious disease response system in the Republic of Korea.Based on the FGIs, the critical role of interdepartmental cooperation in responding to emerging infectious diseases was identified, with agencies such as public health centers, police, and fire services playing key roles in scene control, decontamination, and patient transport. Frequent staff turnover and a lack of trained personnel at local government levels were significant challenges, necessitating the development of training materials for unskilled workers. Civil complaints, common during outbreaks, require public officials to be educated on legal frameworks and the management of patients’ rights. The absence of standardized procedures for managing patients, such as bed assignments considering underlying conditions and sample collection, underscores the need for comprehensive guidelines.Interviewees emphasized cross-departmental training, detailed manuals, and legal education to improve infectious disease response capabilities.

The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the amount of tooth reduction required for prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZCs) of maxillary and mandibular primary first molars by evaluating different areas of the tooth. A total of 271 intact primary first molars were scanned using a 3D scanner, and PZCs were virtually superimposed to analyze the amount of tooth reduction. The results indicated that in the maxillary primary first molars, more reduction was required on the buccal occlusal surface compared to the lingual occlusal surface, whereas in the mandibular primary first molars, a similar amount of reduction was required on both buccal and lingual occlusal surfaces. For the axial surfaces, the maxillary primary first molars required the most reduction on the lingual surface than buccal and proximal surfaces, whereas the mandibular primary molars required significantly less reduction on the lingual surface. Additionally, a trend was observed where larger crowns required less reduction on the buccal and lingual surfaces. This study provides detailed guidelines on the required amount of reduction for PZC restorations, contributing to more efficient preparation in clinical practice.

This study employed focus group interviews (FGIs) to evaluate the preparedness and training requirements for an emerging infectious disease response system in the Republic of Korea.Based on the FGIs, the critical role of interdepartmental cooperation in responding to emerging infectious diseases was identified, with agencies such as public health centers, police, and fire services playing key roles in scene control, decontamination, and patient transport. Frequent staff turnover and a lack of trained personnel at local government levels were significant challenges, necessitating the development of training materials for unskilled workers. Civil complaints, common during outbreaks, require public officials to be educated on legal frameworks and the management of patients’ rights. The absence of standardized procedures for managing patients, such as bed assignments considering underlying conditions and sample collection, underscores the need for comprehensive guidelines.Interviewees emphasized cross-departmental training, detailed manuals, and legal education to improve infectious disease response capabilities.

This study employed focus group interviews (FGIs) to evaluate the preparedness and training requirements for an emerging infectious disease response system in the Republic of Korea.Based on the FGIs, the critical role of interdepartmental cooperation in responding to emerging infectious diseases was identified, with agencies such as public health centers, police, and fire services playing key roles in scene control, decontamination, and patient transport. Frequent staff turnover and a lack of trained personnel at local government levels were significant challenges, necessitating the development of training materials for unskilled workers. Civil complaints, common during outbreaks, require public officials to be educated on legal frameworks and the management of patients’ rights. The absence of standardized procedures for managing patients, such as bed assignments considering underlying conditions and sample collection, underscores the need for comprehensive guidelines.Interviewees emphasized cross-departmental training, detailed manuals, and legal education to improve infectious disease response capabilities.

Alport syndrome (AS) is a highly prevalent inherited kidney disease. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improved kidney outcomes. This study evaluated awareness among Korean clinicians about AS and assessed the understanding of AS patients and caregivers. Methods: An online survey targeting registered members of the Korean Society of Nephrology, the Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology, AS patients, and their caregivers was conducted from January to April 2023. Results: Out of 103 respondents, most had treated fewer than 10 AS patients. For certain kidney diseases, such as chronic kidney disease of unknown origin and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, half or fewer considered AS as a potential diagnosis. Only half preferred immediate confirmation tests for suspected AS. Genetic testing was available at half of the medical centers, and fewer than half of the adult nephrologists considered genetic testing to be essential. While all the surveyed nephrologists would prescribe renin-angiotensin system blockade, the majority hesitated to initiate treatment. Vigilant genetic testing for donor candidates was not a common practice. While 80% of patients and 50% of caregivers understood the nature and prognosis of AS, they regretted the delayed diagnoses, insufficient explanations, and the absence of support groups. Conclusion: Not rarely, AS patients may have been unrecognized as AS. Despite the noteworthy advancement of AS, the recent guidelines have not been widely adopted in clinical practice in Korea. Considering the challenges in Korea, there is an urgent need for locally tailored clinical practice recommendations and a dedicated registry to optimize patient outcomes.

Transcription factor CP2-like protein 1 (Tfcp2l1), a naïve pluripotency transcription factor, is expressed in both early embryonic and adult tissues, where it enforces pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and stemness features of cancer cells, respectively. However, the detailed molecular pathways by which Tfcp2l1 is regulated in early embryonic development and cancer cells remain unknown. Here, we identified the pseudophosphatase dual specificity phosphatase 27 (Dusp27), also known as serine/threonine/tyrosine-interacting like-2, as a novel Tfcp2l1-interacting protein through a sterile alpha motif-like domain in the C-terminus of Tfcp2l1 in murine ESCs. The interaction between Dusp27 and Tfcp2l1 was dependent on the cell cycle status and increased during mitosis. Expression of Dusp27 was upregulated during naïve pluripotency and repressed during spontaneous differentiation of murine ESCs. Ectopic expression of Dusp27 enhanced the transcriptional activity of Tfcp2l1 and promoted features associated with the naïve pluripotent state, while suppressing meso-endodermal lineage differentiation. The present study demonstrates that Dusp27 is a novel positive regulator of Tfcp2l1 through a physical interaction and thereby fine-tunes the pluripotency status and meso-endodermal differentiation of murine ESCs.

Purpose: To describe a case of retinal vasculitis that followed intravitreal brolucizumab injections and its treatment using local and systemic steroid and vitrectomy.Case summary: An 80-year-old male diagnosed with wet age-related macular degeneration presented after experiencing redness, pain, and vision loss in his left eye following a switch in treatment from aflibercept to brolucizumab 2 weeks earlier. Before the switch, the patient’s best corrected visual acuity of the left eye was 0.4; however, on arrival at the clinic, it was finger count at 10 cm. Suspecting intraocular inflammation and retinal vasculitis caused by brolucizumab, he was treated with both local and systemic steroids and later underwent a vitrectomy. Post-surgery, the patient’s symptoms and vision improved and he received additional anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. One year after onset, the corrected vision of his left eye was 0.5 with no observed recurrence of intraocular inflammation. Conclusions When reactions related to intraocular inflammation associated with brolucizumab are identified, aggressive treatment is crucial. The present case report suggests that satisfactory anatomical and visual outcomes can be achieved.