The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the amount of tooth reduction required for prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZCs) of maxillary and mandibular primary first molars by evaluating different areas of the tooth. A total of 271 intact primary first molars were scanned using a 3D scanner, and PZCs were virtually superimposed to analyze the amount of tooth reduction. The results indicated that in the maxillary primary first molars, more reduction was required on the buccal occlusal surface compared to the lingual occlusal surface, whereas in the mandibular primary first molars, a similar amount of reduction was required on both buccal and lingual occlusal surfaces. For the axial surfaces, the maxillary primary first molars required the most reduction on the lingual surface than buccal and proximal surfaces, whereas the mandibular primary molars required significantly less reduction on the lingual surface. Additionally, a trend was observed where larger crowns required less reduction on the buccal and lingual surfaces. This study provides detailed guidelines on the required amount of reduction for PZC restorations, contributing to more efficient preparation in clinical practice.

This study employed focus group interviews (FGIs) to evaluate the preparedness and training requirements for an emerging infectious disease response system in the Republic of Korea.Based on the FGIs, the critical role of interdepartmental cooperation in responding to emerging infectious diseases was identified, with agencies such as public health centers, police, and fire services playing key roles in scene control, decontamination, and patient transport. Frequent staff turnover and a lack of trained personnel at local government levels were significant challenges, necessitating the development of training materials for unskilled workers. Civil complaints, common during outbreaks, require public officials to be educated on legal frameworks and the management of patients’ rights. The absence of standardized procedures for managing patients, such as bed assignments considering underlying conditions and sample collection, underscores the need for comprehensive guidelines.Interviewees emphasized cross-departmental training, detailed manuals, and legal education to improve infectious disease response capabilities.

This study employed focus group interviews (FGIs) to evaluate the preparedness and training requirements for an emerging infectious disease response system in the Republic of Korea.Based on the FGIs, the critical role of interdepartmental cooperation in responding to emerging infectious diseases was identified, with agencies such as public health centers, police, and fire services playing key roles in scene control, decontamination, and patient transport. Frequent staff turnover and a lack of trained personnel at local government levels were significant challenges, necessitating the development of training materials for unskilled workers. Civil complaints, common during outbreaks, require public officials to be educated on legal frameworks and the management of patients’ rights. The absence of standardized procedures for managing patients, such as bed assignments considering underlying conditions and sample collection, underscores the need for comprehensive guidelines.Interviewees emphasized cross-departmental training, detailed manuals, and legal education to improve infectious disease response capabilities.

This study employed focus group interviews (FGIs) to evaluate the preparedness and training requirements for an emerging infectious disease response system in the Republic of Korea.Based on the FGIs, the critical role of interdepartmental cooperation in responding to emerging infectious diseases was identified, with agencies such as public health centers, police, and fire services playing key roles in scene control, decontamination, and patient transport. Frequent staff turnover and a lack of trained personnel at local government levels were significant challenges, necessitating the development of training materials for unskilled workers. Civil complaints, common during outbreaks, require public officials to be educated on legal frameworks and the management of patients’ rights. The absence of standardized procedures for managing patients, such as bed assignments considering underlying conditions and sample collection, underscores the need for comprehensive guidelines.Interviewees emphasized cross-departmental training, detailed manuals, and legal education to improve infectious disease response capabilities.

The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the amount of tooth reduction required for prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZCs) of maxillary and mandibular primary first molars by evaluating different areas of the tooth. A total of 271 intact primary first molars were scanned using a 3D scanner, and PZCs were virtually superimposed to analyze the amount of tooth reduction. The results indicated that in the maxillary primary first molars, more reduction was required on the buccal occlusal surface compared to the lingual occlusal surface, whereas in the mandibular primary first molars, a similar amount of reduction was required on both buccal and lingual occlusal surfaces. For the axial surfaces, the maxillary primary first molars required the most reduction on the lingual surface than buccal and proximal surfaces, whereas the mandibular primary molars required significantly less reduction on the lingual surface. Additionally, a trend was observed where larger crowns required less reduction on the buccal and lingual surfaces. This study provides detailed guidelines on the required amount of reduction for PZC restorations, contributing to more efficient preparation in clinical practice.

This study employed focus group interviews (FGIs) to evaluate the preparedness and training requirements for an emerging infectious disease response system in the Republic of Korea.Based on the FGIs, the critical role of interdepartmental cooperation in responding to emerging infectious diseases was identified, with agencies such as public health centers, police, and fire services playing key roles in scene control, decontamination, and patient transport. Frequent staff turnover and a lack of trained personnel at local government levels were significant challenges, necessitating the development of training materials for unskilled workers. Civil complaints, common during outbreaks, require public officials to be educated on legal frameworks and the management of patients’ rights. The absence of standardized procedures for managing patients, such as bed assignments considering underlying conditions and sample collection, underscores the need for comprehensive guidelines.Interviewees emphasized cross-departmental training, detailed manuals, and legal education to improve infectious disease response capabilities.

The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the amount of tooth reduction required for prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZCs) of maxillary and mandibular primary first molars by evaluating different areas of the tooth. A total of 271 intact primary first molars were scanned using a 3D scanner, and PZCs were virtually superimposed to analyze the amount of tooth reduction. The results indicated that in the maxillary primary first molars, more reduction was required on the buccal occlusal surface compared to the lingual occlusal surface, whereas in the mandibular primary first molars, a similar amount of reduction was required on both buccal and lingual occlusal surfaces. For the axial surfaces, the maxillary primary first molars required the most reduction on the lingual surface than buccal and proximal surfaces, whereas the mandibular primary molars required significantly less reduction on the lingual surface. Additionally, a trend was observed where larger crowns required less reduction on the buccal and lingual surfaces. This study provides detailed guidelines on the required amount of reduction for PZC restorations, contributing to more efficient preparation in clinical practice.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe adverse cutaneous drug reaction seen rarely in clinical practice. Although relatively rare, the condition can be fatal. Mainly, it is caused by side effects of certain medications. Previous reports have associated Stevens-Johnson syndrome with abnormal root development, but the other long-term dental complications have rarely been reported. In this case, the patient developed SJS at the age of 5, and abnormal root development of the maxillary and mandibular first molars and mandibular incisors was observed, as well as impaction of the mandibular canine and enamel hypomineralization of multiple teeth. Accordingly, appropriate restorative treatment and orthodontic treatment were performed, and the clinical characteristics of this symptoms and its treatment were discussed in more detail. We aim to highlight the need for dentists to be aware of the potential dental complications of SJS and to enable early diagnosis and management of the condition to avoid undesirable sequelae.

Purpose: To describe a case of retinal vasculitis that followed intravitreal brolucizumab injections and its treatment using local and systemic steroid and vitrectomy.Case summary: An 80-year-old male diagnosed with wet age-related macular degeneration presented after experiencing redness, pain, and vision loss in his left eye following a switch in treatment from aflibercept to brolucizumab 2 weeks earlier. Before the switch, the patient’s best corrected visual acuity of the left eye was 0.4; however, on arrival at the clinic, it was finger count at 10 cm. Suspecting intraocular inflammation and retinal vasculitis caused by brolucizumab, he was treated with both local and systemic steroids and later underwent a vitrectomy. Post-surgery, the patient’s symptoms and vision improved and he received additional anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. One year after onset, the corrected vision of his left eye was 0.5 with no observed recurrence of intraocular inflammation. Conclusions When reactions related to intraocular inflammation associated with brolucizumab are identified, aggressive treatment is crucial. The present case report suggests that satisfactory anatomical and visual outcomes can be achieved.

Purpose: We analyzed the laboratory examinations associated with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to enhance our understanding of OAG risk factors. Methods: We categorized participants in KNHANES between 2008 and 2012 into OAG and non-glaucomatous groups. Next, we conducted a multivariate analysis, adjusting for age, sex, education level, and survey year. Results: Significant differences were observed in age, sex, and educational levels between the two groups. After propensity score matching, the OAG group demonstrated a significantly elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), myopia prevalence, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). In addition, that group exhibited a significantly increased prevalence of hypertension and melancholic mood disorders and aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) ratio. Multiple logistic regression revealed elevated IOP, SBP, DBP, AST/ALT ratio, and prevalence of hypertension, melancholic mood, and myopia as OAG risk factors. Conclusions Our study revealed several risk factors for OAG, including elevated IOP, SBP, DBP, AST/ALT ratio, and prevalence of hypertension, melancholic mood, and myopia. However, the mechanism underlying OAG remains uncertain. Notably, a positive correlation was observed between the AST/ALT ratio and OAG risk. Further studies are needed to evaluate this association.