Renying Cunkou pulse method is one of the classical pulse methods of acupuncture-moxibustion in the Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon, which is also a classical clinical paradigm for diagnosing and treating meridian diseases in the ancient times. Based on comprehensive review of literature and clinical practice, this paper reveals that this method compares the size of the neck Renying pulse with hand Cunkou pulse to determine the change of yin-yang and excess-deficiency identifying the affected meridians. The jing-well, xing-spring, and shu-stream points of the surface and interior meridians of affected meridians are mainly selected to regulate deficiency and excess through reinforcing and reducing methods. The Renying Cunkou pulse method possesses a simple and practical medical theory, easy diagnostic procedure, and clear meridian selection for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment, warranting further exploration of its essence and diagnostic therapeutic principles.
Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Meridians ; Moxibustion ; Acupuncture ; Yin-Yang ; Acupuncture Points

Objective: To explore the heterogeneity and correlation of clinical phenotypes and genotypes in children with disorders of sex development (DSD). Methods: A retrospective study of 1 235 patients with clinically proposed DSD in 36 pediatric medical institutions across the country from January 2017 to May 2021. After capturing 277 DSD-related candidate genes, second-generation sequencing was performed to analyzed the heterogeneity and correlation combined with clinical phenotypes. Results: Among 1 235 children with clinically proposed DSD, 980 were males and 255 were females of social gender at the time of initial diagnosis with the age ranged from 1 day of age to 17.92 years. A total of 443 children with pathogenic variants were detected through molecular genetic studies, with a positive detection rate of 35.9%. The most common clinical phenotypes were micropenis (455 cases), hypospadias (321 cases), and cryptorchidism (172 cases) and common mutations detected were in SRD5A2 gene (80 cases), AR gene (53 cases) and CYP21A2 gene (44 cases). Among them, the SRD5A2 mutation is the most common in children with simple micropenis and simple hypospadias, while the AMH mutation is the most common in children with simple cryptorchidism. Conclusions: The SRD5A2 mutation is the most common genetic variant in Chinese children with DSD, and micropenis, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias are the most common clinical phenotypes. Molecular diagnosis can provide clues about the biological basis of DSD, and can also guide clinicians to perform specific clinical examinations. Target sequence capture probes and next-generation sequencing technology can provide effective and economical genetic diagnosis for children with DSD.
3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase/genetics* ; Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Cryptorchidism/genetics* ; Disorders of Sex Development/genetics* ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Male ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypospadias/genetics* ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Penis/abnormalities* ; Phenotype ; Retrospective Studies ; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase/genetics*

Regarding the existing questions of the understanding and application of lateral needling technique in the Chapter 7 of
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Needles ; Punctures ; Vascular Surgical Procedures

The even reinforcing-reducing technique of acupuncture is one of the common needling methods in clinical practice at present, but there are various understandings on it among scholars. In the paper, the origin of the even reinforcing-reducing technique of acupuncture was explored on the base of literature collection and clinical practice. The comments were put forward in association with the initial understanding of reinforcing and reducing techniques of acupunctures and actual clinical applications. In ancient time, the even reinforcing-reducing method includes two meanings. The first one refers to the compound reinforcing-reducing needling technique for mixture of cold and heat or of deficiency and excess, in which, the reinforcing and reducing techniques are used alternatively at same acupoint. The second one implies the imbalance of and with human body or meridian involved. For example, in the syndromes as excess in the upper part of body and deficiency in the lower part, heat on the left and cold on the right, the treatment for reinforcing the lower and reducing the upper, or reinforcing the right and reducing the left is adopted to rebalance and . Hence, it is regarded as a treating principle or a needling method. No matter at the same acupoint or at different acupoints, the final target of treatment is to harmonize and . The acupuncture scholars in modern times seldom describe even reinforcing-reducing technique. Since the foundation of People's Republic of China, the relevant technique is again called even reinforcing-reducing manipulation, characterized as evenly lifting, thrusting and rotating of needle and has been developed gradually as the common needling technique in present clinical practice, which is widely divergent from the traditional understanding. The reinforcing-reducing techniques of acupuncture are different in understanding between the ancient time and the present. It is necessary to identify the origin for the better contributions to clinical application.
Acupuncture Therapy ; China ; Humans ; Meridians

Objective To explore the relationship between sleep duration and different ischemic stroke (IS) subtypes. Methods Participants in the study were recruited from rural communities in Beijing. The survey questionnaires, physical examination and biochemical tests were performed. Sleep duration was categorized into 5 groups, namely ≤5 hours/day, 6 hours/day (5.5-6.5 h/d), 7 hours/day (6.5-7.5 h/d), 8 hours/day (7.5-8.5 h/d) and ≥9 hours/day(≥8.5 h/d). Classification of ischemic stroke was based on Trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment(TOAST)classification. Logistic models were used to evaluate the associations between sleep duration and different IS subtypes. Results A total of 6 370 participants were recruited. The average age was (58.34±9.37) years old. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, sex, behavioral lifestyle, socioeconomic status and health status, compared to subjects with 7 hours/day, subjects with sleep duration ≤5 hours/day was significantly associated with increased risk of IS (OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.42-2.15, P<0.001), large-artery atherosclerosis (OR=1.98, 95% CI:1.46-2.70, P<0.001), small-artery occlusion lacunar (OR=5.73, 95% CI:3.34-9.83, P<0.001) and stroke of undetermined etiology (OR=4.43, 95% CI:1.86-10.53, P=0.001). Subjects with sleep duration 8 hours/day and ≥9 hours/day was only found to be significantly associated with IS and large-artery atherosclerosis (P<0.05). Conclusions Short sleep duration is associated with increased risk of IS, large-artery atherosclerosis, small-artery occlusion lacunar and stroke of undetermined etiology. But long sleep duration is only associated with increased risk of IS and large-artery atherosclerosis.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate associations of overall obesity (OO) and abdominal obesity (AO) with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) among type 2 diabetes(T2DM) patients. Methods A community-based study for T2DM patients was conducted in rural communities in Beijing．Every patient completed a questionnaire to collect demography, lifestyle and diseases history, and underwent physical examinations, baPWV assessments and blood biochemical tests. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the relationship between obesity index and baPWV. Abnormal baPWV was defined as patients with baPWV≥1,700 cm/s. Logistic regression model was performed to explore the risk of abnormal baPWV after adjusting for poetential confounders step by step. Results A total of 2 048 T2DM patients were recruited. The average age was (59.2±8.3) years and total prevalence of abnormal baPWV was 49.7%. After multivariable adjustment, linear regression showed that there was a negative correlation between body mass index(BMI) and baPWV and a positive correlation between waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and baPWV. Compared to normal weight group, those with BMI≥28 kg/m2 had lower risk of abnormal baPWV (OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.44-0.78，P<0.001), but there was an increased risk of 46% among patients with obesity in WHR (OR=1.46, 95% CI:1.07-2.00，P=0.018). Compared to those without OO and AO, patients without OO but with AO had a 1.67-fold increasesd risk of abnormal baPWV (OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.19-2.35，P=0.003). Conclusions Abdominal obesity is related with arterial stiffnening among T2DM patients, and it is critical to evaluate arterial stiffness of T2DM patients with abdmonal obesity and normal BMI in order to reduce future risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To validate the feasibility of applying ground-based spatial disorientation training scenarios to aeromedical training of Chinese military pilots and to provide reference values for assessing its effects. Methods Eighty healthy pilots performed ground-based spatial disorientation training on the basic of previously established aeromedical training profiles of Chinese Air Force and the scenarios applied by North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) were referenced. Somatogyral illusion and Coriolis illusion were induced by VTS-0 type electric rotating chair, while circular vection and autokinetic illusion were induced by VTS-Ⅲ type vestibular function examination system. During the illusion demonstrations, the response parameters of illusion, including the latent period and the duration of induced illusions were recorded. Results The induced rate of somatogyral illusion, Coriolis illusion, circular vection and autokinetic illusion was 100.0%, 90.7%, 72.50% and 49.2% respectively. The induce rate of vestibular illusions was higher than that of visual illusions (χ2=5.01, P<0.05). The duration of somatogyral illusion, Coriolis illusion (rolling sensation) and Coriolis illusion (tumbling sensation) was (8.4±4.5) s, (4.9±2.3) s and (5.4±3.0) s respectively, while the latent period of circular vection and autokinetic illusion was (34.8±19.0) s and (42.8±15.2) s respectively. The response reference value corresponding to the duration of somatogyral illusion, Coriolis illusion (rolling sensation) and Coriolis illusion (tumbling sensation) was respectively not more than 17.4 s, 11.4 s and between 0.3 and 9.5 s, while the response reference value for the latent period of circular vection and autokinetic illusion was respectively not more than 72.8 s and within the range from 12.4 to 73.2 s. Conclusions Somatogyral illusion, Coriolis illusion, circular vection and autokinetic illusion training scenarios can be demonstrated by the existing ground-based training devices of Chinese military pilots and the training is feasible and effective for aeromedical training of Chinese military pilots. We hope that response reference values can be used in assessing the effect of ground-based spatial disorientation training.

Objective To validate the feasibility of applying ground-based spatial disorientation training scenarios to aeromedical training of Chinese military pilots and to provide reference values for assessing its effects. Methods Eighty healthy pilots performed ground-based spatial disorientation training on the basic of previously established aeromedical training profiles of Chinese Air Force and the scenarios applied by North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) were referenced. Somatogyral illusion and Coriolis illusion were induced by VTS-0 type electric rotating chair, while circular vection and autokinetic illusion were induced by VTS-Ⅲ type vestibular function examination system. During the illusion demonstrations, the response parameters of illusion, including the latent period and the duration of induced illusions were recorded. Results The induced rate of somatogyral illusion, Coriolis illusion, circular vection and autokinetic illusion was 100.0%, 90.7%, 72.50% and 49.2% respectively. The induce rate of vestibular illusions was higher than that of visual illusions (χ2=5.01, P<0.05). The duration of somatogyral illusion, Coriolis illusion (rolling sensation) and Coriolis illusion (tumbling sensation) was (8.4±4.5) s, (4.9±2.3) s and (5.4±3.0) s respectively, while the latent period of circular vection and autokinetic illusion was (34.8±19.0) s and (42.8±15.2) s respectively. The response reference value corresponding to the duration of somatogyral illusion, Coriolis illusion (rolling sensation) and Coriolis illusion (tumbling sensation) was respectively not more than 17.4 s, 11.4 s and between 0.3 and 9.5 s, while the response reference value for the latent period of circular vection and autokinetic illusion was respectively not more than 72.8 s and within the range from 12.4 to 73.2 s. Conclusions Somatogyral illusion, Coriolis illusion, circular vection and autokinetic illusion training scenarios can be demonstrated by the existing ground-based training devices of Chinese military pilots and the training is feasible and effective for aeromedical training of Chinese military pilots. We hope that response reference values can be used in assessing the effect of ground-based spatial disorientation training.

Objective To assess the feasibility of using PET molecular imaging to evaluate the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine FuZhiSan (FZS) on the model of aging Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats. Methods Twenty aged AD rats (Sparague-Dawley rats,male) were randomly divided into FZS treated group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10). Another 10 healthy adult rats were as blank controls. Morris water maze record system was used for cognitive function assessment. Before and after FZS treatment 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 11 C-2- [4'-(methylamino) phenyl] benzothiazol-6-ol ( PIB )PET imaging was undertaken. After post-treatment imaging procedures the brain tissues of all animals were taken for histochemical study,such as staining with HE,congo red,amyloid β (Aβ) immunofluorescence,5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunofluorescence and NeuN immunofluorescence. Paired t-test was performed with SPSS 13.0 software for the data analysis. Results The cognitive dysfunction of aging AD rats was improved after FZS treatment. The escape latency in FZS treated group was significantly shorter than that of control group ((32.5 ±10.8) s vs (102.6±8.8) s,t =15.7987,P=0. 0001). Diffuse neuronal loss and Aβ deposition were detected in the hippocampus and cortex in the aged AD rats. The imaging data showed that brain glucose metabolism was amended in FZS treated group while the abatement of amyloid deposition was not significant. Immunofluorescence results indicated that the neuronal proliferation was more remarkable in FZS treated group. Conclusions It may be feasible to use PET imaging as a method to evaluate the therapeutic effect in AD rats. FZS may ameliorate memory dysfunction of aged AD rats. Its mechanism may be partly contributed to the enhancement of the neuronal proliferation and survival.

Mr. ZHENG Yu-lin is one of the most outstanding acupuncture scientists in the modern times in our country. He inherits the learning handed down in a family and is bold in making innovations, successfully combines the exercises to benefit the internal organs with Chinese traditional acupuncture needling methods, forming a set of unique Zheng's needling methods, which is used for treatment of severe ophthalmopathy with excellent therapeutic effects, and is famed the world over. Main achievements: took on scientific researches of acupuncture and moxibustion, teaching and clinical works in the first stage of establishment of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicinel trains a large number of famous specificities of acupuncture and moxibustion for new China; advocates study on channel essence; cures stubborn diseases for leaders of friend countries undertaking the great trust of the central leaders for many times, becoming an important ties of Chinese political foreign affairs.
Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; history