An adsorption and concentration sampling device for volatile organic compounds(VOCs)was designed in this work,which improved the long-term monitoring stability of the online monitoring system for VOC adsorption and concentration,and solved the issue of rapid attenuation of responses toward higher carbon compounds.The designed VOC desorption device achieved an average heating rate of 40 ℃/s,with a relative standard deviation(RSD)of 0.4％.Quantitative analysis of mixture of 116 kinds of different VOC standard gases was performed,and the test results showed that the qualification rate of standard curves increased significantly from 90％to 99％,the proportion of detection limits below 0.1 nmol/mol improved from 85％to 90％,and the proportion of residual levels in the system below 0.1 nmol/mol also increased from 85％to 90％.The stable monitoring period was extended from 20 d to over 30 d,making it more conducive to long-term unattended monitoring by the developed instrument.

Objective: Compare and analyze the results of the domestic Lanyi AH600 glycated hemoglobin analyzer and other different detection systems to understand the comparability of the detection results of different detectors, and establish the best cut point of Lanyi AH600 determination of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes. Methods: Multi center cohort study was adopted. The clinical laboratory departments of 18 medical institutions independently collected test samples from their respective hospitals from March to April 2022, and independently completed comparative analysis of the evaluated instrument (Lanyi AH600) and the reference instrument HbA1c. The reference instruments include four different brands of glycosylated hemoglobin meters, including Arkray, Bio-Rad, DOSOH, and Huizhong. Scatter plot was used to calculate the correlation between the results of different detection systems, and the regression equation was calculated. The consistency analysis between the results of different detection systems was evaluated by Bland Altman method. Consistency judgment principles: (1) When the 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) of the measurement difference was within 0.4% HbA1c and the measurement score was≥80 points, the comparison consistency was good; (2) When the measurement difference of 95% LoA exceeded 0.4% HbA1c, and the measurement score was≥80 points, the comparison consistency was relatively good; (3) The measurement score was less than 80 points, the comparison consistency was poor. The difference between the results of different detection systems was tested by paired sample T test or Wilcoxon paired sign rank sum test; The best cut-off point of diabetes was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The correlation coefficient R² of results between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument in 16 hospitals is≥0.99; The Bland Altman consistency analysis showed that the difference of 95% LoA in Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in Jiangsu Province (reference instrument: Arkray HA8180) was -0.486%-0.325%, and the measurement score was 94.6 points (473/500); The difference of 95% LoA in the Tibetan Traditional Medical Hospital of TAR (reference instrument: Bio-Rad Variant II) was -0.727%-0.612%, and the measurement score was 89.8 points; The difference of 95% LoA in the People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT) was -0.231%-0.461%, and the measurement score was 96.6 points; The difference of 95% LoA in the Taihe Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT) was -0.469%-0.479%, and the measurement score was 91.9 points. The other 14 hospitals, Lanyi AH600, were compared with 4 reference instrument brands, the difference of 95% LoA was less than 0.4% HbA1c, and the scores were all greater than 95 points. The results of paired sample T test or Wilcoxon paired sign rank sum test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument Arkray HA8180 (Z=1.665,P=0.096), with no statistical difference. The mean difference between the measured values of the two instruments was 0.004%. The comparison data of Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument of all other institutions had significant differences (all P<0.001), however, it was necessary to consider whether it was within the clinical acceptable range in combination with the results of the Bland-Altman consistency analysis. The ROC curve of HbA1c detected by Lanyi AH600 in 985 patients with diabetes and 3 423 patients with non-diabetes was analyzed, the area under curve (AUC) was 0.877, the standard error was 0.007, and the 95% confidence interval 95%CI was (0.864, 0.891), which was statistically significant (P<0.001). The maximum value of Youden index was 0.634, and the corresponding HbA1c cut point was 6.235%. The sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis were 76.2% and 87.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Among the hospitals and instruments currently included in this study, among these four hospitals included Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in Jiangsu Province (reference instrument: Arkray HA8180), Tibetan Traditional Medical Hospital of TAR (reference instrument: Bio-Rad Variant Ⅱ), the People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT), and the Taihe Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT), the comparison between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instruments showed relatively good consistency, while the other 14 hospitals involved four different brands of reference instruments: Arkray, Bio-Rad, DOSOH, and Huizhong, Lanyi AH600 had good consistency with its comparison. The best cut point of the domestic Lanyi AH600 for detecting HbA1c in the diagnosis of diabetes is 6.235%.
Pregnancy ; Child ; Humans ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; ROC Curve

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential pharmacological mechanism of Xinmaikang tablets in the treatment of atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease by using network pharmacology and cell experimental validation. MethodThe components of Xinmaikang tablets were searched by BATMAN-TCM database and the active ingredients and potential targets were screened. The atherosclerosis related disease targets were searched in GeneCards and online mendelian inheritance in man（OMIM） disease databases. The therapeutic targets were obtained by mapping the intersection of the tablets and disease targets. Therapeutic targets were uploaded to STRING database to construct protein-protein interaction（PPI） network. Cytoscape software was used to create a "drug-active component-therapeutic target" network map， and a network topology algorithm was used to screen key action targets. David software was used for gene ontology（GO） and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（KEGG） function enrichment analysis. The key targets of drug therapy were validated by in vitro cell assay. ResultA total of 19 active ingredients， 132 potential targets and 4703 atherosclerotic disease-related target genes of Xinmaikang tablets were retrieved and screened， and 84 intersection targets were obtained. 3 key therapeutic targets of Xinmaikang tablets in the treatment of atherosclerotic diseases were screened， including Calmodulin 1（CALM1）， voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C（CACNA1C） and Phosphatidylinositol 4，5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform（PIK3CA）. A total of 313 biological processes， 89 molecular functions and 53 cell components were obtained by GO enrichment. A total of 40 pathways were obtained from KEGG functional enrichment， including purine metabolism， renin secretion， CGMP/PKG signaling pathway and so on. In vitro cell experiment results verified that Xinmaikang tablets can up-regulate the expression of CALM1 and CACNA1C， down-regulate the expression of PIK3CA， so as to inhibit the activity of inflammatory response， and play a therapeutic role in atherosclerotic diseases. ConclusionXinmaikang tablets may treat atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease through betulin， methyleugenol and other compounds， through purine metabolism， renin secretion， cGMP/PKG signaling pathway and other pathways， which acts on CALM1， CACNA1C， PIK3CA and other targets.

Objective To explore the relationship between sleep duration and different ischemic stroke (IS) subtypes. Methods Participants in the study were recruited from rural communities in Beijing. The survey questionnaires, physical examination and biochemical tests were performed. Sleep duration was categorized into 5 groups, namely ≤5 hours/day, 6 hours/day (5.5-6.5 h/d), 7 hours/day (6.5-7.5 h/d), 8 hours/day (7.5-8.5 h/d) and ≥9 hours/day(≥8.5 h/d). Classification of ischemic stroke was based on Trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment(TOAST)classification. Logistic models were used to evaluate the associations between sleep duration and different IS subtypes. Results A total of 6 370 participants were recruited. The average age was (58.34±9.37) years old. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, sex, behavioral lifestyle, socioeconomic status and health status, compared to subjects with 7 hours/day, subjects with sleep duration ≤5 hours/day was significantly associated with increased risk of IS (OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.42-2.15, P<0.001), large-artery atherosclerosis (OR=1.98, 95% CI:1.46-2.70, P<0.001), small-artery occlusion lacunar (OR=5.73, 95% CI:3.34-9.83, P<0.001) and stroke of undetermined etiology (OR=4.43, 95% CI:1.86-10.53, P=0.001). Subjects with sleep duration 8 hours/day and ≥9 hours/day was only found to be significantly associated with IS and large-artery atherosclerosis (P<0.05). Conclusions Short sleep duration is associated with increased risk of IS, large-artery atherosclerosis, small-artery occlusion lacunar and stroke of undetermined etiology. But long sleep duration is only associated with increased risk of IS and large-artery atherosclerosis.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate associations of overall obesity (OO) and abdominal obesity (AO) with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) among type 2 diabetes(T2DM) patients. Methods A community-based study for T2DM patients was conducted in rural communities in Beijing．Every patient completed a questionnaire to collect demography, lifestyle and diseases history, and underwent physical examinations, baPWV assessments and blood biochemical tests. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the relationship between obesity index and baPWV. Abnormal baPWV was defined as patients with baPWV≥1,700 cm/s. Logistic regression model was performed to explore the risk of abnormal baPWV after adjusting for poetential confounders step by step. Results A total of 2 048 T2DM patients were recruited. The average age was (59.2±8.3) years and total prevalence of abnormal baPWV was 49.7%. After multivariable adjustment, linear regression showed that there was a negative correlation between body mass index(BMI) and baPWV and a positive correlation between waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and baPWV. Compared to normal weight group, those with BMI≥28 kg/m2 had lower risk of abnormal baPWV (OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.44-0.78，P<0.001), but there was an increased risk of 46% among patients with obesity in WHR (OR=1.46, 95% CI:1.07-2.00，P=0.018). Compared to those without OO and AO, patients without OO but with AO had a 1.67-fold increasesd risk of abnormal baPWV (OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.19-2.35，P=0.003). Conclusions Abdominal obesity is related with arterial stiffnening among T2DM patients, and it is critical to evaluate arterial stiffness of T2DM patients with abdmonal obesity and normal BMI in order to reduce future risk of cardiovascular diseases.

AlM:To compare the efficacy and safety of latanoprost and brimonidine in the treatment of open angle glaucoma, and provide reference for rational drug use.METHODS:A total of 121 cases ( 136 eyes ) who were diagnosed as primary open angle glaucoma were selected in this study, and they were randomly divided into experimental group (62 cases, 70 eyes) and control group ( 59 cases, 66 eyes) according to different drug treatment. Patients in the control group received brimonidine eye drops twice a day, while patients in the experimental group received latanoprost eye drops once a day. The intraocular pressure, visual acuity and adverse reactions were checked of the two groups in the following 3mo.RESULTS:The intraocular pressure of patients in the control group was 18. 1 ± 1. 3mmHg, while the experimental group was 17. 0 ± 0. 9mmHg after 12wk of treatment, which were both lower than before (P<0. 05). The fluctuation of intraocular pressure in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. There was no significant difference in the LogMAR visual acuity between before and after treatment in the control group, while the LogMAR visual acuity of the experimental group was significantly improved. The control group had hyperemia, burning sensation, tearing, eyelid edema and other adverse side effects, and the experimental group had little adverse reactions. CONCLUSlON: Latanoprost can significantly reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients with in the follow- up time, and reduce the impact of elevated intraocular pressure in the vision of glaucoma patients, with little adverse reaction, worthy of clinical application.

Genetic studies are traditionally based on single-gene analysis. The use of these analyses can pose tremendous challenges for elucidating complicated genetic interplays involved in complex human diseases. Modern pathway-based analysis provides a technique, which allows a comprehen-sive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying complex diseases. Extensive studies uti-lizing the methods and applications for pathway-based analysis have significantly advanced our capacity to explore large-scale omics data, which has rapidly accumulated in biomedical fields. This article is a comprehensive review of the pathway-based analysis methods––the powerful methods with the potential to uncover the biological depths of the complex diseases. The general concepts and procedures for the pathway-based analysis methods are introduced and then, a comprehensive review of the major approaches for this analysis is presented. In addition, a list of available path-way-based analysis software and databases is provided. Finally, future directions and challenges for the methodological development and applications of pathway-based analysis techniques are dis-cussed. This review will provide a useful guide to dissect complex diseases.

OBJECTIVETo study the segregation of two novel RHD alleles in Chinese pedigrees.

METHODSThe Rh antigens of the samples were identified by using monoclonal antibodies. The 10 exons of the RHD gene for the 2 probands and their family members were amplified separately and sequenced. The parents of proband 2 were analyzed by sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR).

RESULTSThe two probands were RhD negative and the RHD was D/d type. After alignment with the nucleotide sequence in GenBank, a deletion of nucleotide C at position 78 in exon 1 of proband 1 was detected, and her sister also had the deletion, which was confirmed by sequencing. The sequencing results of proband 2 showed a 10 nucleotide deletion in exon 8 as well as a RHD 520 G to A mutation in exon 4. The results of SSP-PCR and sequencing showed that the proband's mother also carried RHD 520 G to A and RHD 1080 del 10 mutation, which was transmitted to proband 2. The sequences of the novel alleles have been submitted to GenBank (accession No. GQ477180 and GU362076).

CONCLUSIONThe two novel RHD alleles, RHD 78delC and RHD 520 G to A+1080 del 10, were both pseudo genes and stably transmitted.

Adult ; Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Exons ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the characteristics of antibiotic poly (D, L-lactide) (PDLLA) coating of implants, including its quantity, mechanical stability, sterility and antibiotic release in vitro.

METHODSThe weight of the total coating mass was determined with an electronic semimicro balance before and after coating. Thickness of the coating was documented by scanning electronic microscopy. The stability and the loss of coating mass after implantation and extraction into the intramedullary canal was measured by electronic semimicro balance and the regularity and possible damage of the coating was examined by scanning electronic microscopy. Sterility of the coating procedure was tested by bacteria incubation. A group of coated implants were incubated in PBS to test the coating decrease and the release of gentamicin at different time points.

RESULTSThe quantification of the total coating mass was (7.2 +/- 0.9) mg and the thickness of coating was (13.5 +/- 1.7) microm. After explantation of the coated implants from the tibia medullary, the mean loss of coating mass was (3.5 +/- 1.3)%. Scanning electronic microscopy confirmed no defects of the coating layer extending to the metallic surface in any implant. None of the tested samples presented bacterial growth after incubation on blood agar and tryptic soy broth. The PDLLA depicted a weight reduction of about 6.4% after 6 weeks. Within the first 4 h, the release of gentamicin experienced an initial peak period, then a constant and gradual release was found for at least 6 weeks.

CONCLUSIONSThe antibiotic PDLLA coating on implants can meet the demands of the mechanical stability and sterility, and gentamicin releases quickly in the first hour and the release can last at least 6 weeks. These characteristics undoubtedly justify the feasibility of the coating usage in clinics.

Absorbable Implants ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; Drug Carriers ; Gentamicins ; In Vitro Techniques ; Internal Fixators ; Materials Testing ; Polyesters

OBJECTIVEThrough comparison of HER2/neu oncogene detected by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in breast cancer, to explore the effect of CISH on detecting gene amplification of HER2.

METHODSSelected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast samples whose pathological types were infiltrating ductal carcinomas (255 retrospective samples, 271 prospective samples), and these samples were detected by IHC and CISH.

RESULTS(1) In the retrospective study, CISH identified gene amplification in 91.6% of IHC score 3+ tumors (120/131) and in 56.5% of IHC score 2+ tumors (39/69), thus the concordant ratio between IHC and CISH was 81.2% (207/255). The two results showed significant correlation (P<0.01). (2) In the prospective study, the ratio of HER2 protein over expression detected by IHC was 31.7%, the ratio of HER2 gene amplification detected by CISH was 27.3%. CISH identified gene amplification in 91.4% of IHC score 3+ tumors (53/58) and in 46.4% of IHC score 2+ tumors (13/28), Concordant ratio between IHC and CISH was 89.7% (243/271). Two results showed significant correlation (P<0.01). (3) Paired CISH/FISH results were concordant in 14 of 15 cases. The remaining case was detected by FISH, but showed no HER2 gene amplification by CISH. (4) The gene amplification by CISH had a significantly reverse correlation with ER and PR expression (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe results of HER2 gene amplification detected by CISH have high concordance with the results detectd by IHC and FISH. CISH is a novel technique for detecting HER2 gene amplification.

Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; In Situ Hybridization ; methods ; Prospective Studies ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies