Objective To investigate whether successful percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)could improve symptoms and quality of life(QOL)in left main disease and/or 3-vessel disease patients with diabetes.Methods Patients with left main disease and/or 3-vessel disease who underwent PCI in the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from April 2018 to May 2021 were consecutively enrolled and subdivided into 2 groups:diabetes and no diabetes.Detailed baseline characteristics,symptoms,including dyspnea and angina,assessed with the Rose dyspnea scale(RDS),Seattle angina questionnaire(SAQ),the European quality of life-5 dimensions(EQ-5D)and 12-item short-form health survey(SF-12)questionnaire respectively,procedural details,and 1 month and 1 year follow-up data were collected.Results Among 440 left main disease and/or 3-vessel disease patients,disease was present in 176(40.00％),who had more hypertension,peripheral artery disease,and LCX lesion(all P＜0.05).The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)and all-cause mortality were similar between the two groups(both P＞0.05)at 1 month follow-up,while all-cause mortality in diabetes patients was significantly higher than those without diabetes at 1 year follow-up(P=0.013).Low left ventricular ejection fraction was an independent risk factor for MACE and all-cause mortality at 1 month and 1 year follow-up after successful revascularization(all P＜0.05).Most importantly,symptoms,including dyspnea and angina,and QOL were markedly improved regardless of diabetes both at 1 month and 1 year follow-up(all P＜0.05).Diabetes patients showed improved dyspnea and QOL at similar degree to the non-diabetes patients(all P＞0.05)and a more significantly relieved angina(P=0.013).Additionally,the number of chronic total occlusion(CTO)per patient was identified as an independent risk factor of dyspnea(OR 0.723,95％CI 0.525～0.997,P=0.048)and angina relief(OR 0.686,95％CI 0.473～0.995,P=0.047),and the contrast volume(OR 0.995,95％CI 0.992～0.999,P=0.008)as an independent risk factor of QOL improvement in diabetic patients.Conclusions Successful PCI is beneficial for relieving symptoms and improving quality of life in patients with diabetes who have left main disease and/or 3-vessel disease.

Aim To investigate the intervention effect of Rehmannia radix water extract on bleomycin(BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice combined with metabolomics and to reveal the potential mechanism,in order to provide new ideas for clinical treatment of pul-monary fibrosis.Methods Male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into the control group,model group,pirfenidone group(positive control,PFD,270 mg·kg-1),and low dose(DH-L,4.55 g·kg-1)group,medium dose(DH-M,9.1 g·kg-1)group and high dose(DH-H,18.2 g·kg-1)group of Rehman-nia.Except for the control group,BLM(5 mg·kg-1)was instilled into the trachea to establish the model of pulmonary fibrosis in the other groups.The survival rate,lung index and blood oxygen saturation of mice in each group were evaluated.HE and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue.WBP was used to detect lung function.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of primary lung cells,ROS and immune cells.ELISA was used to detect the levels of fibrosis markers and inflammatory factors(α-SMA,collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ,TGF-β1,TNF-α,IL-1 β,and IL-6).Biochemical method was employed to detect the contents of GSH-Px,T-SOD and MDA.Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer(LC-MS)metabolomics was used to analyze the changes of serum metabolic profile.Results Water extract of Re-hmannia significantly increased the survival rate,oxy-gen saturation and lung function of mice with pulmona-ry fibrosis,reduced the lung coefficient,ameliorated pathological damage and collagen deposition in lung tissue,reduced the levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress,and down-regulated the levels of inflammatory factors in lung tissue.It regulated the levels of metabo-lites such as bile acid metabolism,sphingolipid metabo-lism,and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism.Conclu-sions Water extract of Rehmannia inhibits lung injury and collagen deposition in mice with pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting inflammatory response,which may be a-chieved by regulating the levels of inflammatory factors through the metabolic pathways of bile acid and sphin-golipid.

The interstitial protein UL14 of pseudorabies virus(PRV)constitutes a crucial compo-nent for viral replication and virulence invasion.It can interact with other viral proteins to complete the infection of the host,rendering it one of the potentially important antiviral targets.In this stud-y,the PRV DX strain isolated in the laboratory was used as the parental strain.The recombinant UL14 protein was expressed and purified through the prokaryotic expression system.BALB/c mice were immunized with this protein as an antigen.After three rounds of subcloning screening,three hybridoma cell lines against the UL14 protein were obtained,named 1B4,1B5,and 1F2,respective-ly.The immunoreactivity of the antibodies was detected by immunofluorescence assay(IFA).The results showed that the antibody titers of the 1B4 and 1B5 strains were not lower than 1∶3 200,and that of the 1F2 strain was not lower than 1∶2 000.The results of western blot(WB)detection showed that the antibody titers of the three strains were all not lower than 1∶8 000.The results of indirect ELISA detection showed that the antibody titers in ascites were all not lower than 112 800.The results of the identification of the antigenic epitopes of the UL14 protein showed that the antigenic epitope recognized by 1B4 was 1 MFASDRRERRVRLAEAFQRE20,and the antigenic epitopes recognized by 1B5 and 1F2 were speculated to be 33GRADKKNPEFVRAFMAAKQAR53.After PRV infected susceptible cells,the temporal expression of the UL14 protein was detected by IF A using the prepared monoclonal antibodies.It was found that the temporal expression of UL14 was similar to that of gC,and the result of RT-qPCR of UL14 gene was consistent with IF A,indi-cating that UL14 might be a late gene during the PRV replication.The subcellular localization of UL14 after virus infection was detected by IFA,and it was found that the UL14 protein could be transferred from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and the expression of UL14 protein increased with the extension of infection time.This study provides a good research tool for further investigating on the function of the PRV UL14 protein and might contribute to the further study of the PRV replication mechanism mediated by the PRV UL14 protein.

The interstitial protein UL14 of pseudorabies virus(PRV)constitutes a crucial compo-nent for viral replication and virulence invasion.It can interact with other viral proteins to complete the infection of the host,rendering it one of the potentially important antiviral targets.In this stud-y,the PRV DX strain isolated in the laboratory was used as the parental strain.The recombinant UL14 protein was expressed and purified through the prokaryotic expression system.BALB/c mice were immunized with this protein as an antigen.After three rounds of subcloning screening,three hybridoma cell lines against the UL14 protein were obtained,named 1B4,1B5,and 1F2,respective-ly.The immunoreactivity of the antibodies was detected by immunofluorescence assay(IFA).The results showed that the antibody titers of the 1B4 and 1B5 strains were not lower than 1∶3 200,and that of the 1F2 strain was not lower than 1∶2 000.The results of western blot(WB)detection showed that the antibody titers of the three strains were all not lower than 1∶8 000.The results of indirect ELISA detection showed that the antibody titers in ascites were all not lower than 112 800.The results of the identification of the antigenic epitopes of the UL14 protein showed that the antigenic epitope recognized by 1B4 was 1 MFASDRRERRVRLAEAFQRE20,and the antigenic epitopes recognized by 1B5 and 1F2 were speculated to be 33GRADKKNPEFVRAFMAAKQAR53.After PRV infected susceptible cells,the temporal expression of the UL14 protein was detected by IF A using the prepared monoclonal antibodies.It was found that the temporal expression of UL14 was similar to that of gC,and the result of RT-qPCR of UL14 gene was consistent with IF A,indi-cating that UL14 might be a late gene during the PRV replication.The subcellular localization of UL14 after virus infection was detected by IFA,and it was found that the UL14 protein could be transferred from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and the expression of UL14 protein increased with the extension of infection time.This study provides a good research tool for further investigating on the function of the PRV UL14 protein and might contribute to the further study of the PRV replication mechanism mediated by the PRV UL14 protein.

Objective To observe the efficacy of self-made auxiliary reduction device combined with sinus tarsi approach(STA)in the treatment of Sanders type Ⅱ to Ⅳ calcaneal fractures.Methods A total of 40 patients with Sanders type Ⅱ to Ⅳ calcaneal fractures admitted to our hospital from January to June 2023 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method,with 20 cases in each group.Patients in the control group underwent surgical treatment with the heel extensile lateral approach(ELA),while patients in the observation group underwent surgical treatment with the auxiliary reduction device combined with STA.The surgical-related indicators,postoperative complications and ankle-foot anatomical indicators of patients in the two groups were compared.The recovery of limb function was evaluated by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)ankle-hindfoot scale and Maryland foot function score.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the operation time,postoperative incision drying time,or duration of postoperative pain between the two groups(P>0.05).The postoperative suture removal time of the patients in the observation group was shorter than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of skin edge necrosis of incision and the total incidence of complications of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The B?hler angle and Gissane angle of patients in both groups increased after surgery compared with those before surgery(P<0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the B?hler angle or Gissane angle after surgery of patients between the two groups(P>0.05).The AOFAS score1 week after surgery of the patients in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),while there were no statistically significant differences in the AOFAS scores or Maryland scores of patients at other time points between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The use of the auxiliary reduction device in surgical treatment with STA for Sanders type Ⅱ to Ⅳ calcaneal fractures can effectively restore the function of the foot and ankle,with short postoperative suture removal time and low incidence of postoperative complications.

Decreased exercise tolerance is a common clinical issue in children with congenital heart disease (CHD), significantly impacting their long-term quality of life and increasing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events.However, due to the complexity of CHD, the diversity of assessment methods, and the limitations in equipment accessibility, standardized protocols for evaluating and intervening in exercise tolerance are still lacking.In order to provide a basis for improving exercise tolerance in children with CHD, the latest domestic and international research on the assessment and intervention of exercise tolerance in children with CHD was systematically summarized.The applicability, advantages, and limitations of existing methods, including cardiopulmonary exercise testing, the 6-minute walk test, and smart wearable devices in clinical practice were discussed.Furthermore, the effectiveness of various intervention strategies (such as exercise training, nutritional management, surgical correction, and pharmacological treatment) in improving exercise tolerance was analyzed.

Objective To observe the efficacy of self-made auxiliary reduction device combined with sinus tarsi approach(STA)in the treatment of Sanders type Ⅱ to Ⅳ calcaneal fractures.Methods A total of 40 patients with Sanders type Ⅱ to Ⅳ calcaneal fractures admitted to our hospital from January to June 2023 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method,with 20 cases in each group.Patients in the control group underwent surgical treatment with the heel extensile lateral approach(ELA),while patients in the observation group underwent surgical treatment with the auxiliary reduction device combined with STA.The surgical-related indicators,postoperative complications and ankle-foot anatomical indicators of patients in the two groups were compared.The recovery of limb function was evaluated by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)ankle-hindfoot scale and Maryland foot function score.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the operation time,postoperative incision drying time,or duration of postoperative pain between the two groups(P>0.05).The postoperative suture removal time of the patients in the observation group was shorter than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of skin edge necrosis of incision and the total incidence of complications of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The B?hler angle and Gissane angle of patients in both groups increased after surgery compared with those before surgery(P<0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the B?hler angle or Gissane angle after surgery of patients between the two groups(P>0.05).The AOFAS score1 week after surgery of the patients in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),while there were no statistically significant differences in the AOFAS scores or Maryland scores of patients at other time points between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The use of the auxiliary reduction device in surgical treatment with STA for Sanders type Ⅱ to Ⅳ calcaneal fractures can effectively restore the function of the foot and ankle,with short postoperative suture removal time and low incidence of postoperative complications.

Aim To investigate the intervention effect of Rehmannia radix water extract on bleomycin(BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice combined with metabolomics and to reveal the potential mechanism,in order to provide new ideas for clinical treatment of pul-monary fibrosis.Methods Male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into the control group,model group,pirfenidone group(positive control,PFD,270 mg·kg-1),and low dose(DH-L,4.55 g·kg-1)group,medium dose(DH-M,9.1 g·kg-1)group and high dose(DH-H,18.2 g·kg-1)group of Rehman-nia.Except for the control group,BLM(5 mg·kg-1)was instilled into the trachea to establish the model of pulmonary fibrosis in the other groups.The survival rate,lung index and blood oxygen saturation of mice in each group were evaluated.HE and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue.WBP was used to detect lung function.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of primary lung cells,ROS and immune cells.ELISA was used to detect the levels of fibrosis markers and inflammatory factors(α-SMA,collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ,TGF-β1,TNF-α,IL-1 β,and IL-6).Biochemical method was employed to detect the contents of GSH-Px,T-SOD and MDA.Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer(LC-MS)metabolomics was used to analyze the changes of serum metabolic profile.Results Water extract of Re-hmannia significantly increased the survival rate,oxy-gen saturation and lung function of mice with pulmona-ry fibrosis,reduced the lung coefficient,ameliorated pathological damage and collagen deposition in lung tissue,reduced the levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress,and down-regulated the levels of inflammatory factors in lung tissue.It regulated the levels of metabo-lites such as bile acid metabolism,sphingolipid metabo-lism,and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism.Conclu-sions Water extract of Rehmannia inhibits lung injury and collagen deposition in mice with pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting inflammatory response,which may be a-chieved by regulating the levels of inflammatory factors through the metabolic pathways of bile acid and sphin-golipid.

Ferroptosis, a programmed cell death modality discovered and defined in the last decade, is primarily induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. At present, it has been found that ferroptosis is involved in various physiological functions such as immune regulation, growth and development, aging, and tumor suppression. Especially its role in tumor biology has attracted extensive attention and research. Breast cancer is one of the most common female tumors, characterized by high heterogeneity and complex genetic background. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a special type of breast cancer, which lacks conventional breast cancer treatment targets and is prone to drug resistance to existing chemotherapy drugs and has a low cure rate after progression and metastasis. There is an urgent need to find new targets or develop new drugs. With the increase of studies on promoting ferroptosis in breast cancer, it has gradually attracted attention as a treatment strategy for breast cancer. Some studies have found that certain compounds and natural products can act on TNBC, promote their ferroptosis, inhibit cancer cells proliferation, enhance sensitivity to radiotherapy, and improve resistance to chemotherapy drugs. To promote the study of ferroptosis in TNBC, this article summarized and reviewed the compounds and natural products that induce ferroptosis in TNBC and their mechanisms of action. We started with the exploration of the pathways of ferroptosis, with particular attention to the System X_c^--cystine-GPX4 pathway and iron metabolism. Then, a series of compounds, including sulfasalazine (SAS), metformin, and statins, were described in terms of how they interact with cells to deplete glutathione (GSH), thereby inhibiting the activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and preventing the production of lipid peroxidases. The disruption of the cellular defense against oxidative stress ultimately results in the death of TNBC cells. We have also our focus to the realm of natural products, exploring the therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine extracts for TNBC. These herbal extracts exhibit multi-target effects and good safety, and have shown promising capabilities in inducing ferroptosis in TNBC cells. We believe that further exploration and characterization of these natural compounds could lead to the development of a new generation of cancer therapeutics. In addition to traditional chemotherapy, we discussed the role of drug delivery systems in enhancing the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of ferroptosis inducers. Nanoparticles such as exosomes and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can improve the solubility and bioavailability of these compounds, thereby expanding their therapeutic potential while minimizing systemic side effects. Although preclinical data on ferroptosis inducers are relatively robust, their translation into clinical practice remains in its early stages. We also emphasize the urgent need for more in-depth and comprehensive research to understand the complex mechanisms of ferroptosis in TNBC. This is crucial for the rational design and development of clinical trials, as well as for leveraging ferroptosis to improve patient outcomes. Hoping the above summarize and review could provide references for the research and development of lead compounds for the treatment for TNBC.

Decreased exercise tolerance is a common clinical issue in children with congenital heart disease (CHD), significantly impacting their long-term quality of life and increasing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events.However, due to the complexity of CHD, the diversity of assessment methods, and the limitations in equipment accessibility, standardized protocols for evaluating and intervening in exercise tolerance are still lacking.In order to provide a basis for improving exercise tolerance in children with CHD, the latest domestic and international research on the assessment and intervention of exercise tolerance in children with CHD was systematically summarized.The applicability, advantages, and limitations of existing methods, including cardiopulmonary exercise testing, the 6-minute walk test, and smart wearable devices in clinical practice were discussed.Furthermore, the effectiveness of various intervention strategies (such as exercise training, nutritional management, surgical correction, and pharmacological treatment) in improving exercise tolerance was analyzed.