Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a transformative surveillance tool for estimating substance consumption and monitoring disease prevalence, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. It enables the population-level monitoring of illicit drug use, pathogen prevalence, and environmental pollutant exposure. In this perspective, we summarize the key challenges specific to the Chinese context: (1) Sampling inconsistencies, necessitating standardized 24-hour composite protocols with high-frequency autosamplers (≤ 15 min/event) to improve the representativeness of samples; (2) Biomarker validation, requiring rigorous assessment of excretion profiles and in-sewer stability; (3) Analytical method disparities, demanding inter-laboratory proficiency testing and the development of automated pretreatment instruments; (4) Catchment population dynamics, reducing estimation uncertainties through mobile phone data, flow-based models, or hydrochemical parameters; and (5) Ethical and data management concerns, including privacy risks for small communities, mitigated through data de-identification and tiered reporting platforms. To address these challenges, we propose an integrated framework that features adaptive sampling networks, multi-scale wastewater sample banks, biomarker databases with multidimensional metadata, and intelligent data dashboards. In summary, wastewater-based epidemiology offers unparalleled scalability for equitable health surveillance and can improve the health of the entire population by providing timely and objective information to guide the development of targeted policies.
China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Wastewater/analysis* ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Public Health ; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring ; SARS-CoV-2

Objective:To develop a treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:The initial scale was constructed through a literature search, Delphi expert correspondence, and cognitive testing. This study conducted a preliminary survey of 379 patients with MM and a formal survey of 865 patients from the hematology departments of 155 hospitals nationwide from February 2024 to March 2024. The final scale was obtained after conducting item analysis and reliability and validity tests on the initial scale.Results:The constructed scale contains 36 items covering six domains: physiological, psychological, social, treatment side effects, general health, and others. In the preliminary survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.597 to 0.939, and the test-retest reliability was 0.747 ( P<0.001). Exploratory factor analysis extracted eight common factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 60.058%. In the formal survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.484 to 0.930, and the test-retest reliability was 0.835 ( P<0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a comparative fit index of 0.750, a root-mean-square error of approximation of 0.090, and a root-mean-square residual of 0.067. Conclusion:The treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with MM designed in this study exhibited good reliability and validity, reflecting the impact of treatment on the quality of life of patients. This scale can provide a reference to clinicians for assessing the disease status of patients.

Objective:To develop a treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:The initial scale was constructed through a literature search, Delphi expert correspondence, and cognitive testing. This study conducted a preliminary survey of 379 patients with MM and a formal survey of 865 patients from the hematology departments of 155 hospitals nationwide from February 2024 to March 2024. The final scale was obtained after conducting item analysis and reliability and validity tests on the initial scale.Results:The constructed scale contains 36 items covering six domains: physiological, psychological, social, treatment side effects, general health, and others. In the preliminary survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.597 to 0.939, and the test-retest reliability was 0.747 ( P<0.001). Exploratory factor analysis extracted eight common factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 60.058%. In the formal survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.484 to 0.930, and the test-retest reliability was 0.835 ( P<0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a comparative fit index of 0.750, a root-mean-square error of approximation of 0.090, and a root-mean-square residual of 0.067. Conclusion:The treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with MM designed in this study exhibited good reliability and validity, reflecting the impact of treatment on the quality of life of patients. This scale can provide a reference to clinicians for assessing the disease status of patients.

Objective To investigate the spatiotemporal variations in sexual size dimorphism among Chinese Han students.Methods Based on the eight students'physical and healthy investigations,the data on the stature and body mass were systematically collected for 343 928 and 344 029 Chinese Han students aged 19 to 22 years from 1985 to 2019,respectively.The sexual stature dimorphism index(SSDI)and sexual body mass dimorphism index(SBMDI)were employed to analyze the distribution in different periods and regions.In addition,we focused the relationships between these two indices and the per capita consumption expenditure.Results Positive secular trends were observed in the SSDI and SBWDI among Chinese Han students throughout the 1985 to 2019 period.Notable similarities were identified in the SSDI and SBWDI between northern and southern students.Compared with the SSDI,the SBWDI exhibited significant disparities between urban and rural areas,and demonstrated a positive association with the per capita consumption expenditure.Conclusion The female buffering hypothesis possesses a limited range of spatiotemporal adaptability,and the trait more susceptible to environmental influences is better suited to test this hypothesis.

Objective To observe the effect of Anchang Formula(mainly composed of Agrimoniae Herba,Sanguisorbae Radix,Poria,Pulsatillae Radix,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,and fried Paeoniae Radix Alba)combined with Aluminum Phosphate Gel on inflammatory factors,immune function and intestinal flora in patients with radiation enteritis caused by radiotherapy for cervical cancer.Methods Seventy-eight patients with radiation enteritis caused by radiotherapy for cervical cancer were randomly divided into combined group(41 cases)and reference group(37 cases).The reference group was treated with Aluminum Phosphate Gel,and the combined group was treated with Anchang Formula combined with Aluminum Phosphate Gel.The course of treatment for the two groups lasted for 15 days.The changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,serum interleukin 2(IL-2),procalcitonin(PCT),T lymphocyte subsets CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+ levels and intestinal flora in the two groups were observed before and after treatment.After treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated.Results(1)After 15 days of treatment,the total effective rate of the combined group was 90.24%(37/41),and that of the reference group was 70.27%(26/37).The intergroup comparison showed that the clinical efficacy of the combined group was significantly superior to that of the reference group(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the scores of TCM symptoms of mucopurulent bloody stool,diarrhea,tenesmus and abdominal pain in the two groups were lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease in the combined group was significantly superior to that in the reference group(P＜0.01).(3)After treatment,the levels of serum inflammatory factors of IL-2 and PCT in the two groups were lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease in the combined group was more obvious than that in the reference group(P＜0.01).(4)After treatment,the levels of immune function indicators of T lymphocyte subsets CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the two groups were higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the level of CD8+ was lower than that before treatment(P＜0.05).The increase of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ levels and the decrease of CD8+ levels in the combined group were more obvious than those in the reference group(P＜0.01).(5)After treatment,the levels of intestinal flora of Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium and Escherichia coli in the two groups were higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the increase in the combined group was more obvious that in the reference group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Anchang Formula combined with Aluminum Phosphate Gel exerts significant efficacy for the treatment of patients with radiation enteritis caused by radiotherapy for cervical cancer.The combined therapy can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of patients,reduce the inflammatory reaction,improve the immune function,and balance the intestinal flora.

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of different modes of blood flow shear stress on the Pim1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the regulation of phosphorylation at Ser1177 and Ser633 of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Methods HUVECs were isolated from fresh human umbilical cord. The parallel plate flow chamber system was used to load 15 dyn/ cm

Taking the Chinese city of Xiamen as an example, simulation and quantitative analysis were performed on the transmissions of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the influence of intervention combinations to assist policymakers in the preparation of targeted response measures. A machine learning model was built to estimate the effectiveness of interventions and simulate transmission in different scenarios. The comparison was conducted between simulated and real cases in Xiamen. A web interface with adjustable parameters, including choice of intervention measures, intervention weights, vaccination, and viral variants, was designed for users to run the simulation. The total case number was set as the outcome. The cumulative number was 4,614,641 without restrictions and 78 under the strictest intervention set. Simulation with the parameters closest to the real situation of the Xiamen outbreak was performed to verify the accuracy and reliability of the model. The simulation model generated a duration of 52 days before the daily cases dropped to zero and the final cumulative case number of 200, which were 25 more days and 36 fewer cases than the real situation, respectively. Targeted interventions could benefit the prevention and control of COVID-19 outbreak while safeguarding public health and mitigating impacts on people's livelihood.
COVID-19/prevention & control* ; China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Machine Learning ; Pandemics/prevention & control* ; Policy ; Reproducibility of Results ; SARS-CoV-2

Air Pollution ; Asthma/drug therapy* ; China ; Humans ; Treatment Adherence and Compliance

The research on endophytes of medicinal plants mainly relies on the traditional culture and isolation methods. Because of their functions such as promoting host growth, improving stress resistance, promoting the accumulation of medicinal active ingredients or directly producing medicinal active ingredients, the endophytes of medicinal plants have gradually attracted wide attention. However, it was found that the strains isolated by traditional methods were not the true dominant endophytes of medicinal plants by comparing the results of traditional culture isolation with high-throughput sequencing. The blind and random nature of traditional methods leads to the lack of standards in terms of medium selection, culture time and interaction between species. On the contrary, high-throughput sequencing technology is an emerging molecular biology technology developed in recent decades. Due to its high resolution level and indepen-dent culture, it can be used for thorough analysis of the community structure and diversity of environmental microorganisms. Therefore, we proposed the strategy of using high-throughput sequencing technology to guide the traditional culture and isolation of endophytes from medicinal plants. Firstly, the endophytic structure and diversity of medicinal plants were completely clear by high-throughput sequencing technology, and the dominant endophytes of the host were unequivocal. Then according to the characteristics of each dominant endophytes design or query suitable medium for its growth to culture and isolation. Finally, the function of the isolates was studied. This method can prevent researchers from missing out on the important functional strains of the host, expand the research scope of endophytes of medicinal plants, and facilitate the in-depth excavation and utilization of endophytes of medicinal plants.
Endophytes/genetics* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Plants, Medicinal ; Research Design

Acute spinal cord injury(ASCI)can be divided into primary injury and secondary injury.Spinal cord edema is important for the development of secondary injury after ASCI.Spinal cord edema can be mainly divided into cytotoxic edema and angioedema.The application of dehydrating agents in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury is obvious.This article de-scribed the application of mannitol,hypertonic saline,glycerol fructose,furosemide,human serum albumin,resveratrol and other dehydrating agents in the treatment of ASCI.