Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide. Due to the treatment intolerance and side effects, CRC rank the top among various cancers regarding the incidence and mortality rates. Therefore, exploring new therapies is of great significance for the treatment of CRC. Aerobic glycolysis(AEG) plays an important role in the microenvironment formation, proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence of CRC and other tumor cells. It has been confirmed that intervening in the AEG pathway can effectively curb CRC. The active ingredients and compound prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) can effectively inhibit the proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance and regulate the apoptosis of tumor cells by modulating AEG-associated transport proteins [eg, glucose transporters(GLUT)], key enzymes [hexokinase(HK) and phosphofructokinase(PFK)], key genes [hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1) and oncogene(c-Myc)], and signaling pathways(MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR). Accordingly, they can treat CRC, reduce the recurrence, and improve the prognosis of CRC. Although AEG plays a key role in the development and progression of CRC, the specific mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this article delves into the intrinsic connection of the targets and mechanisms of the AEG pathway with CRC from the perspective of tumor cell glycolysis and explores how active ingredients(oxymatrine, kaempferol, and dioscin) and compound prescriptions(Quxie Capsules, Jiedu Sangen Decoction, and Xianlian Jiedu Prescription) of TCM treat CRC by intervening in the AEG pathway. Additionally, this article explores the shortcomings in the current research, aiming to provide reliable targets and a theoretical basis for treating CRC with TCM.
Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Glycolysis/drug effects* ; Animals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Signal Transduction/drug effects*

Prostate cancer(PCa) is a common malignant tumor among elderly men, with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide, posing a serious threat to human health. Traditional treatments face limitations, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Recent studies on the regulatory mechanisms of micro ribonucleic acid(microRNA, miRNA) in tumor development has identified miRNA as new targets for PCa diagnosis and treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), with its multi-mechanism, multi-target, and multi-pathway regulatory properties, shows promising potential in miRNA-based PCa therapy. This review summarized recent findings on miRNA' roles in PCa and research progress of TCM intervention and found that a variety of miRNA played important regulatory roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, immune microenvironment, and drug resistance, and their potential as biomarkers for PCa diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy, indicating the potential to be a biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and treatment of PCa. The review concluded that the active components of TCM(terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and others) and compounds(Yishen Tonglong Decoction, Shenhu Decoction, Zhoushi Qiling Decoction, Fuzheng Yiliu Decoction, and Qilan Formula) could regulate the expression of their downstream target genes by acting on specific miRNA and affect the above biological behaviors of PCa cells, thus playing a role in the treatment of PCa. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for miRNA as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PCa and suggest new avenues for further development of targeted therapy strategies against miRNA.
Humans ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Male ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects*

Photodynamic immunotherapy is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, the dysfunctional tumor vasculature results in tumor hypoxia and the low efficiency of drug delivery, which in turn restricts the anticancer effect of photodynamic immunotherapy. In this study, we designed photosensitive lipid nanoparticles. The synthesized PFBT@Rox Lip nanoparticles could produce type I/II reactive oxygen species (ROS) by electron or energy transfer through PFBT under light irradiation. Moreover, this nanosystem could alleviate tumor hypoxia and promote vascular normalization through Roxadustat. Upon irradiation with white light, the ROS produced by PFBT@Rox Lip nanoparticles in situ dysregulated calcium homeostasis and triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress, which further promoted the release of damage-associated molecular patterns, enhanced antigen presentation, and stimulated an effective adaptive immune response, ultimately priming the tumor microenvironment (TME) together with the hypoxia alleviation and vessel normalization by Roxadustat. Indeed, in vivo results indicated that PFBT@Rox Lip nanoparticles promoted M1 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages, recruited more natural killer cells, and augmented infiltration of T cells, thereby leading to efficient photodynamic immunotherapy and potentiating the anti-primary and metastatic tumor efficacy of PD-1 antibody. Collectively, photodynamic immunotherapy with PFBT@Rox Lip nanoparticles efficiently program TME through the induction of immunogenicity and oxygenation, and effectively suppress tumor growth through immunogenic cell death and enhanced anti-tumor immunity.

Objective:To compare the differences in repair of rabbit bone defects between allogeneic platelet rich plasma (PRP) gel and autologous PRP gel.Methods:Thirty-six healthy New Zealand white rabbits were selected and randomly divided into an autologous group, an allogeneic group, and a control group ( n=12). A model of bilateral forelimb bone defects was established in each group. The autologous group was repaired with self-made deproteinized bone scaffold materials + autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) + autologous PRP gel, the allogeneic group with self-made deproteinized bone scaffold materials + autologous BMSCs + allogeneic PRP gel, and the control group with only self-made deproteinized bone scaffold materials + autologous BMSCs. At postoperative 1, 2, and 3 months, 4 animals were euthanized in each group, respectively, for gross observation, X-ray examination, Micro-CT examination, biomechanical testing and histological analysis (HE staining for tissue morphology) to compare the differences in repair of bone defects. Results:The formation of trabecular bone, cortical reconstruction, and medullary recanalization occurred earlier in the autologous and allogeneic groups than in the control group. Micro-CT analysis at postoperative 2 months showed that bone mineral density [(281.51±33.69) mg/mL and (266.13±37.13) mg/mL], bone volume fraction (23.52%±2.81% and 21.91%±1.94%), and trabecular number [(1.68±0.29) mm -1 and (1.63±0.22) mm -1] in the autologous and allogeneic groups were significantly higher than those in the control group [(197.47±18.61) mg/mL, 16.54%±3.06%, and (1.06±0.11) mm -1] ( P<0.05). No significant differences were found among the 3 groups in trabecular thickness [(0.33±0.09) mm, (0.42±0.16) mm, and (0.28±0.13) mm] or in the maximum compressive load ( P>0.05). HE staining revealed a significantly greater number and earlier formation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts in the autologous and allogeneic groups than in the control group. Conclusion:Since allogeneic PRP exhibits similar efficacy in promoting new bone formation compared with autologous PRP in a rabbit bone defect model, it may serve as a viable substitute for autologous PRP.

Medication reconciliation plays a key role in improving patient medication safety,reducing inappropriate polypharmacy,and promoting the high-quality development of pharmaceutical services.Compared to advanced international guidelines,China's medication reconciliation service standards have deficiencies in areas such as definition and process design,and multidisciplinary team building.There is a need to establish a comprehensive medication reconciliation effect evaluation index system,develop pharmacist-led multidisciplinary teams,promote the advancement of artificial intelligence and big data technologies,and strengthen outpatient and community medication reconciliation coverage,thereby contributing to the high-quality development of pharmaceutical services in China.

Medication reconciliation plays a key role in improving patient medication safety,reducing inappropriate polypharmacy,and promoting the high-quality development of pharmaceutical services.Compared to advanced international guidelines,China's medication reconciliation service standards have deficiencies in areas such as definition and process design,and multidisciplinary team building.There is a need to establish a comprehensive medication reconciliation effect evaluation index system,develop pharmacist-led multidisciplinary teams,promote the advancement of artificial intelligence and big data technologies,and strengthen outpatient and community medication reconciliation coverage,thereby contributing to the high-quality development of pharmaceutical services in China.

Objective:To compare the differences in repair of rabbit bone defects between allogeneic platelet rich plasma (PRP) gel and autologous PRP gel.Methods:Thirty-six healthy New Zealand white rabbits were selected and randomly divided into an autologous group, an allogeneic group, and a control group ( n=12). A model of bilateral forelimb bone defects was established in each group. The autologous group was repaired with self-made deproteinized bone scaffold materials + autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) + autologous PRP gel, the allogeneic group with self-made deproteinized bone scaffold materials + autologous BMSCs + allogeneic PRP gel, and the control group with only self-made deproteinized bone scaffold materials + autologous BMSCs. At postoperative 1, 2, and 3 months, 4 animals were euthanized in each group, respectively, for gross observation, X-ray examination, Micro-CT examination, biomechanical testing and histological analysis (HE staining for tissue morphology) to compare the differences in repair of bone defects. Results:The formation of trabecular bone, cortical reconstruction, and medullary recanalization occurred earlier in the autologous and allogeneic groups than in the control group. Micro-CT analysis at postoperative 2 months showed that bone mineral density [(281.51±33.69) mg/mL and (266.13±37.13) mg/mL], bone volume fraction (23.52%±2.81% and 21.91%±1.94%), and trabecular number [(1.68±0.29) mm -1 and (1.63±0.22) mm -1] in the autologous and allogeneic groups were significantly higher than those in the control group [(197.47±18.61) mg/mL, 16.54%±3.06%, and (1.06±0.11) mm -1] ( P<0.05). No significant differences were found among the 3 groups in trabecular thickness [(0.33±0.09) mm, (0.42±0.16) mm, and (0.28±0.13) mm] or in the maximum compressive load ( P>0.05). HE staining revealed a significantly greater number and earlier formation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts in the autologous and allogeneic groups than in the control group. Conclusion:Since allogeneic PRP exhibits similar efficacy in promoting new bone formation compared with autologous PRP in a rabbit bone defect model, it may serve as a viable substitute for autologous PRP.

Traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients have significant advantages in treating prostate cancer(PCa),and can complement the shortcomings of Western medicine,improving the quality of life for patients.This article reviews the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine and its effective ingredients in intervening in Wnt/β-catenin pathway to treat PCa,summarizing that the main effective ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating PCa through this pathway are flavonoids,terpenes,alkaloids,phenols,and other compounds;the main traditional Chinese medicine formulas include Guben Qingyuanfang,Yishen Tongpang granules,etc,and discusses the mechanisms of action of these traditional Chinese medicines and their effective ingredients in intervening in this pathway to prevent and treat PCa,in order to provide a reference for the precise treatment of PCa and the application of traditional Chinese medicine research.

Traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients have significant advantages in treating prostate cancer(PCa),and can complement the shortcomings of Western medicine,improving the quality of life for patients.This article reviews the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine and its effective ingredients in intervening in Wnt/β-catenin pathway to treat PCa,summarizing that the main effective ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating PCa through this pathway are flavonoids,terpenes,alkaloids,phenols,and other compounds;the main traditional Chinese medicine formulas include Guben Qingyuanfang,Yishen Tongpang granules,etc,and discusses the mechanisms of action of these traditional Chinese medicines and their effective ingredients in intervening in this pathway to prevent and treat PCa,in order to provide a reference for the precise treatment of PCa and the application of traditional Chinese medicine research.

Objective:To establish a graded method to avoid mean fluorescence intensity(MFI)threshold of HLA Class I antibodies corresponding antigen,and the HLAMatchmaker program has been used to select the minimum mismatch value of donor-patient epitopes.Evaluate the application value of combining both methods in selecting HLA compatible platelets(PTL)for patients with immune platelet transfusion failure(IPTR)in improving platelet the corrected count increment(CCI).Methods:A total 7 807 PLT cross-matching compatible were performed by the solid-phase red cell adherence(SPRCA)method for 51 IPTR patients.The Luminex single antigen flow cytometry was used to detect HLA Class I antibodies in patients,and detected the MFI value for different specificity antigens of HLA Class I antibodies,was graded into strong positive group(MFI＞4 000,level 1),medium positive group(1 000＜MFI 4 000,2),weak positive group(500＜MFI≤1 000,3),and one negative control group(MFI≤500).The results of 7 807 SPRCA their negative/positive reaction wells were enrolled and statistically analyzed in different grades and the four groups,the statistical differences between the four groups were compared.Multiple applications for the select HLA Class I compatible donor events were made for patients in two cases,and HLAMatchmaker program was used to calculate the number of HLA Class I epitopes mismatches between the donors and patients.The donor with the minimum number of epitopes mismatches was selected,while avoiding the corresponding antigens of HLA Class I antibodies in levels 1 and 2,the provision of HLA compatible platelets for IPTR.After the transfusions,the CCI value of the platelet transfusion efficacy evaluation index was calculated,and the clinical evaluation of the transfusion effect was obtained through statistical analysis.Results:There were statistically significant differences in the positive results of SPRCA immunoassay among the strong positive group,medium positive group,and weak positive group of 51 IPTR patients with different specific of HLA-I class antibodies and corresponding antigens(all P＜0.001).The positive results showed a range from high to low,with strong positive group＞medium positive group＞weak positive group.There were a statistical difference among between the strongly positive or moderately positive groups and the negative control group(P＜0.001).There was no statistical difference between the weakly positive group and the negative control group(P＞0.05).The strong positive group was set as the corresponding specific HLA Class I site corresponding antigen grade 1 avoidance threshold,the medium positive group as the grade 2 avoidance thresholds,and the weak positive group as the grade 3 avoidance threshold.In the case of donor platelet shortage,it is not necessary to avoid the weak positive group.Avoiding the strategy of donor antigens and HLAMatchmaker program scores≤7 corresponding to HLA Class I antibodies of levels 1 and 2,with CCI values＞4.5 × 109/L within 24 hours,can obtain effective clinical platelet transfusion conclusions.Conclusion:When selecting HLA Class I compatible donors for IPTR patients,the grading avoids HLA Class I antibodies corresponding to donor antigens,and the donor selection strategy with the minimum scores of HLAMatchmaker program is comprehensively selected.The negative result confirmed by platelet cross-matching experiments has certain practical application value for improving platelet count in IPTR patients.