Food,drug and environment related cases are becoming more and more frequent,and the demand for on-site rapid detection is also increasing.Nanozymes are nanomaterials with enzyme-like catalytic activity,which have the advantages of high catalytic efficiency,good stability,economy,adjustability,multifunctionality and large-scale preparation.The colorimetric sensing technology based on nanozymes combined with smart phones has wide range of applications in the field of food,drugs and environment detection,and is expected to become an important means for relevant departments to combat crime.This paper summarized the progresses of nanozymes in the field of environmental,food and drug crime(EFDC)detection,focusing on the detection mechanism of different types of nanozymes and the current status of research on the detection of EFDC,and prospected the future development of nanozymes.The possible future prospects of machine learning(ML)in the field of nanozymes colorimetric sensing technology and the challenges in detection of EFDC were also discussed.

Objective To elucidate the effect of Deduhonghua-7 powder and its main components on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)by regulating chemokine receptor 1(CCR1)and DNA methyltransferase 1(DNMT1).Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank group,model group,Deduhonghua-7 powder group(0.75 g·kg-1 Deduhonghua-7 powder),Scabiosa Atropurea group(0.75 g·kg-1 Scabiosa Atropurea)and Luteolin-L,-H groups(0.02 and 0.04 g·kg-1 Luteolin,respectively).Except the blank group,the other groups were intrabitoneally injected with 10％CC14 olive oil solution to establish liver fibrosis model,and all groups were given 0.5％CMC-Na dissolved intragastric drug once a day for 4 weeks,and blood and liver tissues were collected after the last administration.The serum CCR1,DNMT1,α-smooth muscle actin(α-smA)and precollagen Ⅲ contents were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay;the CCR1,DNMT1,α-smA,Collagen Ⅰprotein expression were detected by Western blot.Result The contents of serum DNMT1 in blank group,model group,Deduhonghua-7 powder group,Luteotin-L,-H groups and Scabiosa Atropurea group were(4.56±0.69),(6.09±0.59),(5.21±0.33),(4.99±0.68),(5.03±0.45)and(5.17±0.61)pg·mL-1;the contents of CCR1 were(13.38±0.47),(11.20±0.73),(12.97±0.80),(12.89±0.75)(12.88±0.95)and(12.92±0.58)pg·mL-1;the contents of α-smA were(181.80±24.50),(281.30±26.60),(220.90±22.30),(193.70±16.10),(199.30±17.70)and(205.80±14.70)pg·mL-1;the contents of procollagen Ⅲ were(49.29±8.26),(77.56±8.61),(67.56±5.63),(55.47±7.07),(64.93±8.66)and(59.66±8.51)pg·mL-1;the relative expression levels of DNMT1 protein in liver tissues were 0.08±0.03,0.26±0.08,0.13±0.01,0.12±0.05,0.13±0.05 and 0.15±0.03;the CCR1 protein relative expression levels were 0.18±0.03,0.13±0.02,0.21±0.06,0.22±0.07,0.17±0.07 and 0.18±0.06;the α-smA protein relative expression levels were 0.03±0.01,0.27±0.11,0.09±0.05,0.12±0.08,0.09±0.07 and 0.11±0.07;the expression of Colagen Ⅰ protein were 0.09±0.04,0.65±0.22,0.28±0.12,0.26±0.19,0.30±0.22 and 0.25±0.12.The differences of above indicators between the model group and the blank group,between the Deduhonghua-7 powder group,Luteotin-L,-H groups,Scabiosa Atropurea group and the model group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Luteotein is one of the pharmacodynamic substance bases of Deduhonghua-7 powder to alleviate liver fibrosis induced by CC14.It can inhibit or delay the formation of liver fibrosis through CCR1,DNMT1,α-smA and Collagen Ⅰ proteins.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective To explore the application of the"learning by doing"learning theory and methods in the teaching of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing for undergraduate nursing students.Method By setting up an experimental group of 151 students and a control group of 152 students in the teaching of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing for undergraduate nursing students,practicing"learning by doing"and evaluating the teaching effect.Result The experimental group students held a positive attitude towards the implementation of"learning by doing"in the teaching of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing for undergraduate nursing students,with higher scores in both theoretical and skill exams than the control group(P＜0.05),and achieved good practical results.Conclusion By comparing the theoretical and skill exam scores of the experimental group and the control group,the experimental group had a higher average score than the control group(P＜0.05).The application of"learning by doing"in the teaching of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing for undergraduate nursing has improved students'self-learning ability and empowered their innovative and collaborative growth.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the HIV-1 subtype distribution and HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in patients with ART failure from 2014 to 2020 in Hainan, China. METHODS: A 7-year cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV/AIDS patients with ART failure in Hainan. We used online subtyping tools and the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree to confirm the HIV subtypes with pol sequences. Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were analyzed using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database. RESULTS: A total of 307 HIV-infected patients with ART failure were included, and 241 available pol sequences were obtained. Among 241 patients, CRF01_AE accounted for 68.88%, followed by CRF07_BC (17.00%) and eight other subtypes (14.12%). The overall prevalence of HIVDR was 61.41%, and the HIVDR against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs) were 59.75%, 45.64%, and 2.49%, respectively. Unemployed patients, hypoimmunity or opportunistic infections in individuals, and samples from 2017 to 2020 increased the odd ratios of HIVDR. Also, HIVDR was less likely to affect female patients. The common DRMs to NNRTIs were K103N (21.99%) and Y181C (20.33%), and M184V (28.21%) and K65R (19.09%) were the main DRMs against NRTIs. CONCLUSION The present study highlights the HIV-1 subtype diversity in Hainan and the importance of HIVDR surveillance over a long period.
Humans ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; HIV-1/genetics* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Phylogeny ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use* ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics* ; HIV Infections/epidemiology* ; Mutation ; China/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Genotype

Objectives: To analyze the incidence, blood lipid levels and cardiovascular disease of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in dyslipidemia patients receiving lipid-lowing therapy from the DYSIS-China. Methods: Dyslipidemia International Study-China (DYSIS-China) database was re-analyzed according to the criteria of "Chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults-2016 version". DYSIS-China database included 25 317 dyslipidemia out-patients who received at least one lipid-lowering drug for at least three months. All the patients were divided into three groups: unlikely HF, possible FH and definite FH according to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network diagnostic criteria. Age, gender, lipids levels, drug use and complications were compared among the three groups. Factors were compared between Possible FH group and definite FH group in terms of age stratification. Results: A total of 23 973 patients with dyslipidemia were included. The average age was (64.8±9.9) years, 11 757 patients were females (49.0%). The proportion of unlikely FH in the total population was 20 561 (85.7%), possible FH was 3294 (13.7%), and the definite FH was 118(0.5%). Patients in the definite FH group (58.3±8.5 years) was younger than in unlikely HF(65.3±9.8 years) and possible FH(61.8±9.9 years) group. LDL-C ((5.6±1.9) mmol/L) levels were significantly higher in definite FH group than in unlikely HF ((2.5±0.9) mmol/L) and possible FH ((4.3±1.0) mmol/L) group. TC ((7.4±1.8) mmol/L) levels were also significantly higher in definite FH group than in unlikely HF ((4.3±1.0) mmol/L) and possible FH ((6.0±1.0) mmol/L) group. Percent of female sex, sedentary lifestyle and systolic blood pressure value were significantly higher in definite FH group than in other two groups (all P<0.05). Statin use was similar among the 3 groups. Prevalence of ischemic cardiomyopathy (70(59.3%)) was significantly higher in the definite FH group than in unlikely FH group7519 (36.6%) and possible FH group1149 (34.9%). The rate of hypertension (82 (69.5%)) was also significantly higher in the definite FH group than in unlikely FH group (2 063 (62.6%) and in possible FH group (13 928 (67.7%)). The possible FH group had the highest proportion of patients aged 55-64 years (1 146 (34.8%)), and the prevalence of hypertension 358 (76.8%), diabetes 189 (40.6%), ischemic heart disease 186 (39.9%), cerebrovascular disease 149 (32.0%) and heart failure 28 (6.0%) was the highest in patients over 75 years old. The definite FH group had the highest proportion of patients aged 55-64 years (49 (41.52%)), and the prevalence of ischemic heart disease (70 (59.3%)) was the highest in patients aged 45-54 years old group, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes,hypertension,heart failure,peripheral artery disease and cerebrovascular disease among different age groups. Conclusion: The detection rate of FH in Chinese patients with dyslipidemia is not low, the blood lipid level is poorly controlled, and the risk of cardiovascular disease is high in Chinses FH patients.
Adult ; Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dyslipidemias/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/epidemiology* ; Lipids ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of pro-urokinase and reteplase in the treatment of patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: STEMI patients, who received intravenous thrombolytic therapy in Henan STEMI registry between September 2016 and August 2018, were eligible for this study. A total of 5479 patients from 66 hospitals were screened and patients were divided into pro-urokinase group (n=638) and reteplase group (n=702) according to thrombolytic drugs. Data including patient demographics, risk factors, medical histories, patient information at admission, in-hospital treatment, time delays, and clinical events were collected. The clinical recanalization rate, in-hospital mortality, in-hospital death or treatment withdrawal, in-hospital main adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE, death or treatment withdrawal, congestive heart failure, reinfarction and ischemic stroke) and post-thrombolysis bleeding were compared between the two groups. Bleeding events were evaluated with Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria. Results: The median age [61.8 (53.2, 69.0) vs. 62.6 (52.1, 69.8), P=0.833] or the proportion of women [23.0% (147/638) vs. 25.1% (176/702), P=0.385] were similar between the pro-urokinase and reteplase groups. Clinical recanalization rates were similar between the pro-urokinase and reteplase groups [82.1% (524/638) vs. 84.9% (596/702), P=0.172], and there was no difference in the median time from onset to thrombolysis [194.5 (135.0,290.0) min vs. 190 (126.0,292.0) min, P=0.431] and the median recanalization time [95 (67.5,120.0) min vs. 95 (71.0,119.0) min, P=0.561] between the two groups. There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality [5.5% (35/638) vs. 5.1% (36/702), P =0.770], in-hospital all-cause mortality, treatment withdrawal [8.9% (57/638) vs.7.7% (54/702), P=0.410], and in-hospital MACCE [13.0% (83/638) vs. 10.4% (73/702), P=0.137] between pro-urokinase and reteplase groups. However, the incidence of post-thrombolysis bleeding was significantly higher in reteplase group than in pro-urokinase group [7.8% (55/702) vs. 3.8% (24/638), P=0.002]. Further analysis found that the incidence of oral bleeding and the BARC grades 1-2 bleeding were significantly higher in reteplase group than in pro-urokinase group, whereas the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage was similar between the two groups [0.6% (4/638) vs. 0.4% (3/702), P=0.715]. The comparison of efficacy and safety outcomes between the two groups after adjusting for baseline characteristics using general linear mixed models was consistent with those before the adjustment. There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality, in-hospital death or treatment withdrawal, in-hospital MACCE after adjusting for baseline characteristics and post-thrombolysis bleeding between the two groups. Conclusions: Pro-urokinase and reteplase have similar clinical efficacy in the treatment of STEMI. In terms of safety, the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage is similar, while the incidence of BARC grades 1-2 bleeding and oral bleeding is higher in reteplase group than in pro-urokinase group, which has no impact on in-hospital outcomes.
Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy* ; Recombinant Proteins ; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy* ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; Treatment Outcome ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

Objective:To analyze the material basis, target and pathway of Chebulae fructus and Margarita in Mongolian medicine Garidi-13 Pill on stroke with the method of network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, so as to better understand its "detoxification" mechanism. Methods:TCMIP and BATMAN-TCM were used to predict the target of Chebulae fructus and Margarita composition, and GeneCards were used to search for the target of stroke. The overlapping targets of the two platforms were imported into the Metascape software for GO biological analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. The molecular docking of key molecules and targets was carried out with LEDOCK. Results:A total of 22 active components were collected and 217 targets related to stroke were predicted. Among them, 1-O-galloyl-glucose, cuprum, ellagicacid, arjungenin and corilagin were the key substances playing the role of "detoxification" of the Chebulae fructus and Margarita; IL6, TNF, HSP90AA1, PTGS2, CASP3, NR1I2, VKORC1 and ATP1A1 were the key targets playing the role of "detoxification" . These targets were significantly enriched in cell response, humoral level regulation, hemostasis, response to steroid hormones, steroid metabolism, coagulation and other biological processes, as well as nitrogen metabolism, IL-17 signaling pathway and other pathways. Molecular docking verified the accuracy of previous prediction results from computer simulation level. Conclusion:The process of Chebulae fructus and Margarita intervening strok is closely related to the elimination of harmful metabolites and calmingthe inflammatory reaction, which was not only consistent with the modern medicine on the pathological process of stroke, but also consistent with the interpretation of "evil and poison" with Mongolian medicine theory.

Objective:To analyze the CT and MRI features of primary hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 16 patients with primary hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma who presented to Wenzhou People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2009 to June 2019. There were 8 males and 8 females, with age ranging from 35 to 71 years (average 56.8 years). The site, size, shape, margin, density of signal, adjacent tissue changes and degree enhancement of tumor were analyzed.Results:Tumors in the liver in the 16 patients were all solitary, with 11 in the right and 5 in the left liver. The maximum diameter of tumor ranged from 3 to 16cm (average 8.5cm). On plain CT scanning ( n=16), the tumors were round or oval in 6, and lobulated or irregular in 10 patients. The margins of the tumors were clear in 10 and unclear in 6 patients. All tumors showed low density, with 15 tumors showing uneven density, with necrosis and liquefaction of different sizes in the center, while 1 tumor showing uniform density. On plain MRI scanning ( n=4), four tumors had clear margins, with necrosis and liquefaction seen in the center of the tumors. The solid part showed a slightly lower signal on T 1 weighted imaging and a slightly higher signal on T 2 weighted imaging. The liquefaction focus of central necrosis showed higher signal intensity on T 2 weighted imaging. Enhanced scanning ( n=12 on CT enhancement and n=4 on MRI enhancement), the margins of the tumors were enhanced in the arterial phase. The enhancement was continued into the portal venous and delayed phases in 7 patients. Strip septate and margin enhancement in the tumor were enhanced in the arterial phase. The enhancement was continued into the portal venous and delayed phases in 7 patients. Inhomogeneous strengthening in the tumor was enhanced in the arterial phase. The enhancement was continued into the portal venous and delayed phases in 1 patient. Inhomogeneous strengthening in the tumor was enhanced in the arterial phase. The enhancement was continued into the portal venous phase. In the delayed phase, enhancement in the tumor decreased, but there was continuous enhancement of the margin and interval of the tumor in 1 patient. Conclusions:Hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma showed dual imaging characteristics of sarcoma and cancer. The imaging features of hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma depended on the proportion of sarcomatoid components. Large intrahepatic tumors showed necrotic cystic degeneration, moderate or significant persistent enhancement in striped septum and margin of tumor.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the totally extraperitoneal renal autotransplantation with boari flap-pelvis anastomosis in the treatment of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), and to review the experience of renal autotransplantation for UTUC treatment. METHODS: One case of applying the totally extraperitoneal renal autotransplantation with boari flap-pelvis anastomosis to the UTUC treatment was reported, and related literature was reviewed. The patient was a sixty-four-year old man who received right radical nephroureterectomy for right ureteral carcinoma 1 year before and diagnosed as left ureteral carcinoma(G2, high grade) this time. In order to preserve his renal function and avoid the shortness of common kidney-sparing surgery, a totally extraperitoneal procedure, including retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy, ureterectomy, renal autotransplantation and Boari flap-pelvis anastomosis, was performed to the patient. RESULTS: The operation was completed successfully without perioperative complications. The renal function recovered to preoperative level within 1 week. No deterioration of renal function during the follow-up and no tumor recurrence was observed under cystoscopy at the 3-month postoperative consult. CONCLUSION The totally extraperitoneal renal autotransplantation with Boari flap-pelvis anastomosis is a feasible and effective treatment for UTUC. The innovative procedure has several advantages compared to the former ones. The extraperitoneal procedure results in significantly less pain, shorter hospital stay, decreased overall time to recovery and lower bowel complications risk without warm ischemia time extension. Meanwhile, the Boari flap-pelvis anastomosis simplifies the follow -up protocols and creates an easy route for cystoscopy and topical therapy. From the systematic clinical analysis, as well as the related literature review, it's been concluded that the renal autotransplantation can be a reasonable option for the patients who have UTUC in solitary kidney or have bilateral UTUC. This type of treatment possesses advantages of preservation of renal function and total resection of malignant lesions. But long-term data and large cohort study on renal function or tumor recurrence are still absent which will be necessary to confirm the advantages of this approach.
Anastomosis, Surgical ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Nephrectomy ; Pelvis ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Ureter ; Ureteral Neoplasms