Objective: To quantitatively assess the health risk of preservatives from beverages around primary schools in Anshun City, and to provide scientific basis for precise food safety supervision. Methods: From December 2023 to July 2024, 602 beverage samples were randomly collected from within 100 meters of 19 primary schools in Anshun City. The content of benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and dehydroacetic acid was detected according to GB 5009 series standards. Combined with children s physiological parameters (body weight 30 kg, daily intake 0.15 L), the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) models were used to evaluate health risks. Results: The total detection rate of preservatives from beverages around primary schools was 63.0%, and the total over limit rate was 9.0%. The detection rate of preservatives in flavored beverages was the highest (72.6%), and the highest over limit rate of preservatives in special purpose beverages was the highest (17.2%). The single preservative HQ (benzoic acid up to 0.47 ) and mixed HI (up to 0.55) of all samples were below 1(safety threshold). However, the HQ value of benzoic acid in flavored beverages (0.47) was 2.9 times that of sorbic acid (0.16), contributing significantly to health risk. Sensitivity analysis showed that if the daily consumption increased to 0.3 L, the HI value of flavored beverages would rise to 1.11, exceeding the safety threshold. Enterprise scale analysis showed that the exceedance rate of special purpose beverages in large enterprises reached 30.0%, while micro enterprises, accounting for a dominant market share (52.2%), constituted the main source of children s daily exposure to their products. Conclusions The overall health risk of perservatives in beverages sold near primary schools in Anshun City is controllable, but there is a noticeable risk of gradient. The risk of children’s exposure to preservatives through beverage consumption should not be ignored.

Objective To explore the efficacy of arthroscopic reduction combined with percutaneous screw fixation in the treatment of Sanders types Ⅱ and Ⅲ calcaneal fractures.Methods Forty-eight patients with Sanders types Ⅱ and Ⅲcalcaneal fractures were divided into the arthroscopic reduction combined with percutaneous screw fixation(arthroscopy)group(n=23)and the tarsal sinus approach open reduction combined with screw internal fixation(tarsal sinus approach)group(n=25)according to different surgical methods and plans.The operative time,incision length,postoperative complications and secondary removal of internal fixation were compared between the two groups.Changes in B?hler's angle and Gissane's angle were evaluated and compared between the two groups at 3 months,6 months after operation and at the last follow-up.Additionally,the American Orthopaedic Foot&Ankle Society(AOFAS)ankle-hindfoot score and the visual analog scale(VAS)for pain were used to assess outcomes at the last follow-up.Results Compared with the tarsal sinus approach group,the incision length was reduced,the operation time was prolonged and the incidence of complications was decreased in the arthroscopic group(P＜0.05).At 3 months,6 months after the operation and the last follow-up,there were no significant differences in the B?hler Angle,Gissanes Angle,AOFAS and VAS scores between the arthroscopic group and the tarsal sinus approach group(P＞0.05).Conclusion Both groups of regimens can enable patients to achieve good postoperative therapeutic efficacy.However,under arthroscopic assistance,surgical incisions inherently possess minimally invasive advantages,while the incidence of postoperative complications is lower compared to the sinus tarsi approach.

Objective To mine and analyze signals of acute kidney injury(AKI)related to drugs,comprehensively summarize the potential risk drugs,and provide a reference for clinically safe medication.Methods The AKI reports from January 2004 to September 2023 in the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)were retrieved.Disproportionality methods were used to explore the relationship between drugs and AKI,and demographic information,time to onset,and patient outcomes were analyzed.Results Out of 1 253 drugs,159 were identified as AKI signal drugs.Among these,there were 49 antimicrobial agents(30.82%),including 35 antibiotics and 14 antiviral agents;33 antineoplastic agents(20.75%);and 25 hypotensive agents(15.72%).Drug-related AKI occurred mostly in the elderly,and the male-to-female ratio was 124∶100.The median time to onset for AKI related to antibiotics was≤8 d,with the third quartile≤21 d.Rivaroxaban and aspirin had higher proportions of death reports,with 33.03%and 31.44%respectively.Conclusions A multitude of drugs pose a risk for acute kidney injury,necessitating caution in their clinical application and the implementation of monitoring of renal function.The elderly are a high-risk group for drug-related AKI,and there are more males than females.For antibiotics,the first 21 days are the key monitoring period.For drugs that require long-term use,regular monitoring is necessary.

Objective To investigate the value of MRI of the sternal end of clavicle in bone age assessment in Chinese population,especially its applicability in the determination of criminal responsible age.Methods A total of 431 patients aged from 10.00 to 29.99 years with neck or chest MRI were retrospectively collected.According to the Schmeling grading method,the epiphyseal development of the clavicle MRI was divided into five grades.The consistency of methods was evaluated.The correlation and general descriptive analysis between MRI grades and age was analyzed.The sex difference was analyzed.Curve fitting was used to establish a nonlinear model between age and grades.Results The grades of clavicle MRI showed a significant age-related trend(Figure 2),and the correlation was 0.861(0.887 in males and 0.840 in females).Except for grade 1,there was no significant difference between males and females in other grades.The minimum age of male grade 3 was greater than 14 years old,and the minimum age of female grade 3 was greater than 16 years old.The minimum age in grade 4 and grade 5 was over 18 years old in both sexes.The best curve fitting model was cubic model for both sexes(R2=0.805 for men and 0.722 for women).Conclusion Clavicle MRI can be used for the assessment of bone age in Chinese population.Complete epiphyseal plate closure can be used as a reliable indicator for the determination of age at 18 years old,and it is expected to achieve radiation-free forensic bone age assessment.

Objective To analyze white matter hyperintensities(WMH)and 11C-CFT PET/CT characteristics in patients with PD,and explore their relationship.Methods A total of 84 PD pa-tients admitted to our department between March 2021 and March 2025 were retrospectively en-rolled,and they were divided into young group(33 cases)and elderly group(aged＞65 years,51 cases)and also into non-WMH group(22 cases)and WMH group(62 cases)based on the severity of WMH.The degree of white matter lesions was scored,including periventricular white matter hyperintense(PVH)score and deep white matter hyperintense(DWMH)score.All patients un-derwent head MRI and 11C-CFT-PET/CT scanning.The T/N value and asymmetry index were calculated.Results The elderly PD patients exhibited significantly advanced age and higher H-Y stages,but lower T/N values of affected side of caudate nucleus,contralateral caudate nucleus,affected side of anterior putamen,contralateral anterior putamen and contralateral posterior puta-men,and posterior putamen asymmetry index than the young patients(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Simi-lar results were observed in the WMH group when compared with the non-WMH group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The PVH score was negatively correlated with the T/N values of affected side of caudate nucleus(r=-0.282,P=0.009),contralateral caudate nucleus(r=-0.215,P=0.049),affected side of anterior putamen(r=-0.249,P=0.022),contralateral anterior putamen(r=-0.280,P=0.010)and contralateral posterior putamen(r=-0.285,P=0.009),and DWMH score was also negatively correlated with the T/N values in the affected side of caudate nucleus and affected side of anterior putamen(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both age and disease severity impact WMH and dopaminergic system in PD patients.A higher WMH load is associated with dopamin-ergic neuronal damage.

OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical effects of bone setting manipulation combined with pry reduction and Kirschner needle internal fixation in treating SandersⅡ-Ⅲ calcaneal fracture. METHODS: Clinical data of 52 patients with types Sanders Ⅱand Ⅲ calcaneal fracture (foot) treated with bone-setting manipulation combined with pry reduction and Kirscher needle internal fixation from July 2017 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including 43 males and 9 females, aged from 31 to 72 years old with an average of (50.83±10.48) years old; 15 patients with Sanders typeⅡ and 37 patients with Sanders type Ⅲ. The changes of Bühler angle, Gissane angle, calcaneus width and calcaneus height before operation and 24 months after operation were compared, and Maryland foot function score was performed to evaluate clinical effects. RESULTS: All patients were followed up from 24 to 60 months with an average of (41.50±9.86)months. The fracture healed normally and the healing time was (11.00±0.95) weeks. Bühler angle, Gissane angle, calcaneal bone width and calcaneal bone height were increased from (16.37±8.36)°, (96.27±9.62)°, (46.82±4.67) mm, (38.41±3.58) mm before operation to (31.48±8.24)°, (111.62±8.69)°, (42.06±4.83) mm, (44.21±3.82) mm at 24 months after operation, and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.01). Postoperative Maryland score at 24 months was (93.04±8.83), 40 patients got excellent result, 7 good and 5 fair. CONCLUSION Orthopedic manipulation combined with percutaneous reduction and Kirschner wire internal fixation could significantly improve Bühler angle, Gissane angle, width, and height of Sanders typeⅡ and Ⅲ calcaneal fractures, and the curative effect is satisfactory.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Calcaneus/surgery* ; Middle Aged ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Adult ; Aged ; Fractures, Bone/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Bone Wires ; Manipulation, Orthopedic/methods*

This study explores whether the current external quality assessment (EQA) level and acceptable bias for basic semen analysis in China are clinically useful. We collected data of semen EQA from Andrology laboratories in the Hunan Province (China) in 2022 and searched for data in the published literature from January 2000 to December 2023 in China. On the basis of these data, we analyzed the coefficients of variation and acceptable biases of different quality control materials for basic semen analysis through robust statistics. We compared these findings with quality specifications based on biological variation from optimal, desirable, and minimum levels of bias to seek a unified and more suitable semen EQA bias evaluation standard for China's national conditions. Different sources of semen quality control material exhibited considerable variation in acceptable biases among laboratories, ranging from 8.2% to 56.9%. A total of 50.0% of the laboratories met the minimum quality specifications for progressive motility (PR), whereas 100.0% and 75.0% of laboratories met only the minimum quality specifications for sperm concentration and total motility (nonprogressive [NP] + PR), respectively. The Z value for sperm concentration and PR+NP was equivalent to the desirable performance specification, whereas the Z value for PR was equivalent only to the minimum performance specification. This study highlights the feasibility of operating external quality assessment schemes for basic semen analysis using quality specifications based on biological variation. These specifications should be unified among external quality control (EQC) centers based on biological variation.
Semen Analysis/standards* ; Humans ; China ; Male ; Quality Control ; Sperm Motility ; Sperm Count/standards*

Objective To predict the poorly differentiated subtype of stage T1 invasive lung adenocarcinoma based on the morphological and quantitative characteristics of preoperative CT images.Methods The CT images,clinical information and pathological report of 333 cases with stage T1 lung adenocarcinoma in the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.All data were divided into histological subtypes according to the WHO Classification of Chest Tumors(5th Edition).CT signs include the maximum diameter,minimum diameter,location,nodule type,CT value,proportion of solid components,burr sign,lobular sign,vacuole sign,air bronchial sign,halo sign,bronchial truncation sign,vascular cluster sign,pleural depression sign.Clinical factors included gender,age,smoking history,tumor markers,and spread through air spaces.Independent predictors of poorly differentiated subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma were obtained via univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis,and the clinical model,CT model and combined model were constructed based on the analysis results.Results In univariate logistic regression analysis,gender,smoking history,tumor markers,spread through air spaces,maximum diameter,minimum diameter,location,nodule type,CT value,proportion of solid components,burr sign,vacuole sign and vascular cluster sign were significantly related to poorly differentiated subtypes.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender,tumor markers,vacuole sign,minimum diameter,and nodule type were independent influencing factors of poorly differentiated subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma.Clinical model,CT model and combined model were constructed based on the analysis results.Area under the curve(AUC)of the clinical model,CT model and combined model were 0.772[95％confidence interval(CI)0.712-0.831],0.776(95％CI 0.714-0.837)and 0.825(95％CI 0.776-0.874)for the poorly differentiated subtypes,respectively.The combined model had a higher AUC,with the better prediction.There was significant difference in predicting lung adenocarcinoma poorly differentiated subtypes between the clinical model and combined model(P=0.019).Conclusion Logistic regression model based on CT signs has good diagnostic value in predicting poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma in stage Ⅰ.

Sweat pores function is the ascending and descending of Qi. The human body maintains a continuous, holistic, and dynamic balance through the functioning of sweat pores as well as the Qi movement and transformation in the spleen, stomach, and triple energizer. Sweat pores play a crucial role in the generation and development of Zang-fu organs, essence and spirit, and body and orifices, as well as in the onset and progression of diseases. Oxidative stress significantly affects the regulation of inflammation in allergic rhinitis(AR), induces the pathological damage to nasal epithelial cells, and alters immune activity, serving as a key mechanism exacerbating AR symptoms. This mechanism closely aligns with the pathogenesis associated with dysfunction in the sweat pore-Qi-triple energizer system. In recent years, oxidative stress and antioxidants in AR have received increasing attention. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde have become key indicators for the early diagnosis of AR. Classical prescriptions, empirical prescriptions, and newly developed preparations of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for external use with anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and immune-regulatory effects via antioxidant pathways have demonstrated definite efficacy in treating AR. This provides a basis for understanding the pathogenesis of AR in TCM from a modern medical perspective. Therefore, this paper systematically examines the relationship between the sweat pore-Qi-triple energizer system and AR, incorporating the oxidative stress mechanism into the research on pathogenesis of the disorders. Furthermore, methods for treating AR in children are proposed with TCM preparations for external use which aimed at opening nasal sweat pores, dispersing, searching, channeling with aroma, warming, and dredging, regulating Qi movement in spleen, warming Yang Qi to promote urination, and clearing latent wind to inhibit liver depression.
Humans ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Rhinitis, Allergic/metabolism* ; Child ; Qi ; Sweat/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional