Background: Wellness programs can be implemented in a university setting and may include varied elements such as physical activity, occupational balance, and vocal health. However, there is limited information that highlights and synthesizes why and how these programs work. Therefore, this study aimed to understand effective programs on physical activity, occupational balance, and vocal health for university constituents in relation to the implementation contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes (CMO). Methodology: Guided by the Health Belief Model in the context of a realist review design, the researchers conducted an iterative search among seven peer-reviewed electronic databases in the health and education fields using a predetermined set of eligibility criteria. Results: The search identified 6564 records, of which programs from 20 records contributed to data synthesis. Nine CMO statements were created, with physical activity programs accounting for most configurations. Key themes identified were tailored and individualized interventions, medium-term incentivization, lifestyle education programs utilizing information and communications technology, interdisciplinary multi-component programs, use of self-monitoring strategies, social support, and shared experiences among employees and students. Analysis of the mechanisms of these effective university programs revealed processes and structures that were consistent with elements of the Health Belief Model. Conclusion Effective university-based PA programs result from a health-supporting culture among staff and students, utilizing self-based, technological, and social approaches that target and address individual and organizational behaviors in physical activity, occupational balance, and vocal health. This realist review provides practical information that may guide the development of university-based programs and policies targeting these areas of wellness.
Exercise ; Work-Life Balance

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into specific cell lineages when exposed to the right conditions. The ability of MSCs to differentiate into particular cells is considered very important in biological research and clinical applications. MSC spheroids are clusters of MSCs cultured in three dimensions, which play an important role in enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs. MSCs can also participate in vascular formation by differentiating into endothelial cells and secreting paracrine factors. Vascularization ability is essential in impaired tissue repair and function recovery. Therefore, the vascularization ability of MSCs, which enhances angiogenesis and accelerates tissue healing has made MSCs a promising tool for tissue regeneration. However, MSC spheroids are a relatively new research field, and more research is needed to understand their full potential. METHODS: In this review, we highlight the importance of MSC spheroids’ vascularization ability in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine while providing the current status of studies on the MSC spheroids’ vascularization and suggesting potential future research directions for MSC spheroids. RESULTS: Studies both in vivo and in vitro have demonstrated MSC spheroids’ capacity to develop into endothelial cells and stimulate vasculogenesis. CONCLUSION MSC spheroids show potential to enhance vascularization ability in tissue regeneration. Yet, further research is required to comprehensively understand the relationship between MSC spheroids and vascularization mechanisms.

Objective: To examine a predictive model that incorporating high risk pathological factors for the prognosis of stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ colon cancer. Methods: This study retrospectively collected clinicopathological information and survival outcomes of stage Ⅰ~Ⅲ colon cancer patients who underwent curative surgery in 7 tertiary hospitals in China from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. A total of 1 650 patients were enrolled, aged (M(IQR)) 62 (18) years (range: 14 to 100). There were 963 males and 687 females. The median follow-up period was 51 months. The Cox proportional hazardous regression model was utilized to select high-risk pathological factors, establish the nomogram and scoring system. The Bootstrap resampling method was utilized for internal validation of the model, the concordance index (C-index) was used to assess discrimination and calibration curves were presented to assess model calibration. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves after risk grouping, and Cox regression was used to compare disease-free survival between subgroups. Results: Age (HR=1.020, 95%CI: 1.008 to 1.033, P=0.001), T stage (T3:HR=1.995,95%CI:1.062 to 3.750,P=0.032;T4:HR=4.196, 95%CI: 2.188 to 8.045, P<0.01), N stage (N1: HR=1.834, 95%CI: 1.307 to 2.574, P<0.01; N2: HR=3.970, 95%CI: 2.724 to 5.787, P<0.01) and number of lymph nodes examined (≥36: HR=0.438, 95%CI: 0.242 to 0.790, P=0.006) were independently associated with disease-free survival. The C-index of the scoring model (model 1) based on age, T stage, N stage, and dichotomous variables of the lymph nodes examined (<12 and ≥12) was 0.723, and the C-index of the scoring model (model 2) based on age, T stage, N stage, and multi-categorical variables of the lymph nodes examined (<12, 12 to <24, 24 to <36, and ≥36) was 0.726. A scoring system was established based on age, T stage, N stage, and multi-categorical variables of lymph nodes examined, the 3-year DFS of the low-risk (≤1), middle-risk (2 to 4) and high-risk (≥5) group were 96.3% (n=711), 89.0% (n=626) and 71.4% (n=313), respectively. Statistically significant difference was observed among groups (P<0.01). Conclusions: The number of lymph nodes examined was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival after curative surgery in patients with stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ colon cancer. Incorporating the number of lymph nodes examined as a multi-categorical variable into the T and N staging system could improve prognostic predictive validity.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Nomograms ; Lymph Nodes/pathology* ; Risk Factors ; Colonic Neoplasms/surgery*

[Abstract] Objective: To analyze the expression of miR-185 and cell division cyclin 42 (CDC42) in osteosarcoma tissues and cells, and to preliminarily explore whether miR-185 affects the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma MG63 cells by regulating CDC42. Methods: The cancer tissues and para-cancerous tissues of 28 patients with osteosarcoma that pathologically confirmed in the Fourth People's Hospital of Hengshui City from January 2020 to January 2021 were collected for this study. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CDC42 in osteosarcoma tissues, and qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-185 in osteosarcoma tissues. Dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment was applied to verify the targeting relationship between CDC42 and miR-185. According to different transfectants, MG63 cells were divided into miR-185 mimic group, miR-NC group, miR-185 inhibitor group, NC-inhibitor group, CDC42 group (transfected with CDC42 over-expression vector), and negative control (NC) group. The effects of miR-185 and CDC42 expression on the migration, proliferation and cell cycle of MG63 cells were detected by scratch healing assay, CCK-8 method and FCM, respectively. A nude mouse xenograft model was constructed by inoculating osteosarcoma MG63 cells. Immunohistochemistry, qPCR and WB methods were used to detect the effects of over-expression or knock-down of miR-185 on the expression of Ki67 and CDC42 in transplanted tumor tissues. Results: Compared with para-cancerous tissues, the expression of miR-185 in osteosarcoma tissues was significantly decreased, while the expression of CDC42 was significantly increased (all P<0.01). CDC42 was verified to be a target gene of miR-185. Compared with the control group, the migration and proliferation of MG63 cells in the miR-185 mimic group were inhibited (all P<0.01), while the migration and proliferation of MG63 cells in the CDC42 group were increased and the cell cycle was arrested in the S phase (all P<0.01). Compared with the miR-185 group, the migration and proliferation abilities of MG63 cells in the miR-185+CDC42 group were promoted, and the proportion of cells in S phase was increased (all P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression of Ki67 and CDC42 in the transplanted tumor tissues of miR-185 mimic group was significantly decreased (all P<0.01), while the opposite results were observed in miR-185 inhibitor group (all P<0.01). Conclusion: miR-185 is lowly expressed while CDC42 is highly expressed in osteosarcoma tissues. miR-185 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma MG63 cells by negatively regulating the expression of CDC42.

Objective: This study aimed to understand the herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infection and related factors among female drug abusers in the women's compulsory drug rehabilitation center of Shandong province and to provide reference for the prevention and control of HSV-2 in these settings. Methods: We screened all of 451 female drug abusers in the women's compulsory drug rehabilitation centers in of Shandong province and conducted a study using both questionnaire investigation and serological tests for HSV-2, HIV and syphilis. We also used EpiData 3.1 software to establish a database and SPSS 20.0 software to conduct the χ(2) test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 451 female drug abusers were under study. We noticed that the rates for HSV-2 infection, HIV infection and syphilis infection appeared as 72.1% (325/451), 2.2% (10/451) and 33.5% (151/451) respectively. Results from univariate analysis showed that factors as: awareness on AIDS, having temporary sex partner after using the drug, having multiple sex partners after using the drug, providing commercial services or having temporary sex practice before being detained, with syphilis infection etc., were associated with HSV-2 infection. Data from the multivariate analysis showed that the OR (95%CI) value of HSV-2 infection was 2.90 (1.19-7.06) for those who providing commercial service, when comparing to those who did not. Compared to those who did not suffer from syphilis infection, the OR (95%CI) value of HSV-2 infection for those with syphilis infection was 2.75 (1.63-4.63). Conclusions: The rate of HSV-2 infection was high in the women's compulsory drug rehabilitation center of Shandong province. We should enhance measures and promote condom use to prevent from HSV-2 and other sexually transmitted diseases among them.
Drug Users ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology* ; Herpes Genitalis/epidemiology* ; Herpes Simplex/epidemiology* ; Herpesvirus 2, Human/isolation & purification* ; Humans ; Opiate Substitution Treatment ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Serologic Tests/methods* ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers ; Substance-Related Disorders/rehabilitation* ; Syphilis/epidemiology*

Objective: To explore the causes of secondary drug resistance among HIV infected persons who were receiving antiretroviral therapy in Shandong province, and provide evidence for the improvement of antiretroviral therapy strategy. Methods: A case-control study was designed with 1∶2 matching on case and control groups. Household and face-to-face interview were conducted in October, 2015. All the study subjects were screened from both the drug resistant database of antiretroviral therapy of Shandong provincial laboratory and national comprehensive HIV/AIDS database in Shandong. The sample size was estimated as 330 cases including 110 drug resistant and 220 non-drug resistant cases. Subjects were people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) aged 15 or older and received antiretroviral therapy for more than 6 months with records of virus load (VL). Subjects who presented VL above 1 000 copies/ml would receive drug resistance testing. Subjects who were confirmed resistant to with secondary drug, were selected as case group, the rest subjects with non-secondary drug resistance would form the control group. EpiData 3.1 software and SPSS 22.0 software were used to establish a database. Related influencing factors were analyzed with non- conditional stepwise logistic regression model. Results: A total of 288 cases were enrolled, including 103 in the case and 185 cases in the control groups, with average age as (37.62±1.06) years and (37.90±0.74) years old, respectively. Most of them were male, married/cohabitant, with education level of junior/senior high school or below and under Han nationality. Results from the multivariate logistic regression model showed that ORs (95%CI) of receiving antiretroviral therapy for 1-3 years, or more than 3 years were equal to 8.80 (3.69-21.00), 3.00 (1.20-7.53), compared with receiving antiretroviral therapy less than one year, respectively. OR (95%CI) of Among the PLWHA that with missing rate above 25.0% on medication, the OR appeared as 15.41(4.59-51.71), compared with not missing medication. OR (95%CI) among those who took the medicine themselves was 0.22 (0.07-0.74). Conclusions: Factors as duration of treatment, missing rate on medication and taking medicine by oneself were of influence on secondary drug resistance. Other factors as duration on antiretroviral therapy longer than 1 year, missing rate above 25.0% on medication, were related to the risk on secondary drug resistance. However, if the medicine was taken by oneself, it served as a protective factor for secondary drug resistance. It is necessary to strengthen the intervention and health education programs related to antiretroviral therapy.
Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Case-Control Studies ; Drug Resistance ; HIV/isolation & purification* ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Male

Influenza can be prevented through annual appropriate vaccination against the virus concerned. In China, influenza vaccine is categorized as "Class Ⅱ" infectious diseases which the cost is paid out of the user's pockets. The annual coverage of influenza vaccination had been 2%-3%. The main reasons for the low coverage would include the following factors: lacking awareness on both the disease and vaccine, poor accessibility of vaccination service, and the cost of vaccination. To reduce the health and economic burden associated with influenza, comprehensive policies should be improved, targeting the coverage of seasonal influenza vaccination. These items would include: ① Different financing reimbursement schemes and mechanisms to improve the aspiration on vaccination and on the vaccine coverage in high-risk groups, as young children, elderly, people with underlying medical conditions; ② to ameliorate equality of vaccination services; ③ to improve knowledge of the health care workers (HCWs) and the public on influenza and related vaccines; ④ to improve clinical and preventive medical practice and vaccination among HCWs through revising clinical guidelines, pathway and consensus of experts; ⑤ to provide more convenient, accessible and normative vaccination service system; ⑥ to strengthen research and development as well as marketing on novel influenza vaccines; ⑦ to revise items regarding the contraindication for influenza vaccine on pregnancy women, stated in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
Aged ; Awareness ; Child ; China ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Personnel ; Health Promotion/methods* ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines/economics* ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control* ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Vaccination

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, dynamic trend of development and related influencing factors of hepatitis C in Shandong, China, 2007-2016, also to provide epidemiological evidence for prevention and control of HCV. Methods: National surveillance data of hepatitis C from 2007 to 2016 in Shandong was used, with distribution and clustering map of hepatitis C drawn at the county level. Panel Poisson regression was used to explore the influencing factors of hepatitis C at the city level. Results: The incidence of hepatitis C in Shandong increased from 1.49/100 000 in 2007 to 4.72/100 000 in 2016, with the high incidence mainly clustered in the urban regions in Jinan, Zibo, Weihai et al. and surrounding vicinities. Majority of the cases were young adults, with 53.16% (14 711/27 671) of them being farmers. Results from the Multiple panel Poisson regression analysis indicated that factors as: population density (aIRR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.05-1.10), number of hospital per hundred thousand people shared (aIRR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.08-1.24), expenditure of medical fee in rural (aIRR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.08-1.37) and the proportion of the tertiary industry (aIRR=1.08, 95%CI: 1.07-1.09) were all correlated to the incidence of hepatitis C. Conclusions: The incidence of hepatitis C had been increasing rapidly in recent years, in Shandong. Prevention and control of HCV should focus on high risk population. In addition, rural, especially in areas with lower economics provision should be under more attentions, so as to find more concealed cases for early treatment.
Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Cities ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C/prevention & control* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Population Surveillance ; Young Adult

Seasonal influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza virus infection and its complications. Currently, China has licensed trivalent (IIV3) and quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4), including split-virus influenza vaccine and subunit vaccine. In most parts of China, influenza vaccine is a category Ⅱ vaccine, which means influenza vaccination is voluntary, and recipients need to pay for it. To strengthen the technical guidance for prevention and control of influenza and the operational research on influenza vaccination in China, the National Immunization Advisory Committee (NIAC), Influenza Vaccine Technical Working Group (TWG), updated the 2014 technical guidelines and compiled the "Technical guidelines for seasonal influenza vaccination in China (2018-2019)" , based on most recent existing scientific evidences. The main updates include: epidemiology and disease burden of influenza, types of influenza vaccines, northern hemisphere influenza vaccination composition for the 2018-2019 season, and, IIV3 and IIV4 vaccines'major immune responses, durability of immunity, immunogenicity, vaccine efficacy, effectiveness, safety, cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit. The recommendations include: Points of Vaccination clinics (PoVs) should provide influenza vaccination to all persons aged 6 months and above who are willing to be vaccinated and do not have contraindications. No preferential recommendation is made for any influenza vaccine product for persons who can accept ≥1 licensed, recommended, and appropriate products. To decrease the risk of severe infections and complications due to influenza virus infection among high risk groups, the recommendations prioritize seasonal influenza vaccination for children aged 6-60 months, adults ≥60 years of age, persons with specific chronic diseases, healthcare workers, the family members and caregivers of infants <6 months of age, and pregnant women or women who plan to pregnant during the influenza season. Children aged 6 months to 8 years old require 2 doses of influenza vaccine administered a minimum of 4 weeks apart during their first season of vaccination for optimal protection. If they were vaccinated in previous influenza season, 1 dose is recommended. People ≥ 9 years old require 1 dose of influenza vaccine. It is recommended that people receive their influenza vaccination by the end of October. Influenza vaccination should be offered as soon as the vaccination is available. Influenza vaccination should continue to be available for those unable to be vaccinated before the end of October during the whole season. Influenza vaccine is also recommended for use in pregnant women during any trimester. These guidelines are intended for CDC members who are working on influenza control and prevention, PoVs members, healthcare workers from the departments of pediatrics, internal medicine, and infectious diseases, and members of maternity and child care institutions at all levels.
Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage* ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control* ; Pregnancy ; Seasons ; Vaccination

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A previous study showed that dietary intervention with Artemisia and green tea extracts, i.e., SD1003F, relieved Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis in a mouse model. We continue the research through the current randomized double-blind clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the intervention for H. pylori-associated gastric discomfort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-nine volunteers who tested positive for H. pylori infection received either placebo or SD1003F for 10 weeks and their functional dyspepsia-related quality of life (QOL) was evaluated. H. pylori infection using a urea breath test (UBT), measurement of pepsinogen level using GastroPanel. Adverse effects with biochemical changes were also evaluated. RESULTS: SD1003F administration significantly improved health related-QOL, including dietary intake, emotional stability, life pattern, and social factors relevant to gastric discomfort, in comparison to the control (P < 0.05). The mean UBT measurement significantly decreased in the SD1003F group (P < 0.05). In 2 of the 24 volunteers, SD1003F alone eradicated H. pylori infection, with significant improvements in endoscopic findings. GastroPanel analysis revealed significant improvements that reflect rejuvenation of gastric atrophy in the SD1003F group. No significant side effect was observed in any participant. CONCLUSIONS: SD1003F (Artemisia and green tea extract), is a potential phytochemical to improve H. pylori-associated gastric discomfort.
Animals ; Artemisia ; Atrophy ; Breath Tests ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; Helicobacter pylori ; Helicobacter ; Mice ; Pepsinogen A ; Quality of Life ; Rejuvenation ; Tea ; Urea ; Volunteers