Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, and genetic alterations of rectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation. Methods: Four cases of rectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation were collected at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (three cases) and Yantai Yeda Hospital of Shandong Province, China (one case) from January to December 2022. Their clinical features were summarized. Hematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemical stain were performed, while next-generation sequencing was performed to reveal the genetic alterations of these cases. Results: All four patients were male with a median age of 65.5 years. The clinical manifestations were changes of stool characteristics, bloody stools and weight loss. All cases showed mixed morphology composed of conventional adenocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation. Most of the tumors consisted of glands with tubular and cribriform features. In one case, almost all tumor cells were arranged in papillary structures. The tumor cells with enteroblastic differentiation were columnar, with relatively distinct cell boundaries and characteristic abundant clear cytoplasm, forming fetal gut-like glands. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for SALL4 (4/4), Glypican-3 (3/4) and AFP (1/4, focally positive), while p53 stain showed mutated type in 2 cases. The next-generation sequencing revealed that 2 cases had TP53 gene mutation and 1 case had KRAS gene mutation. Conclusions: Rectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation is rare. It shows embryonal differentiation in morphology and immunohistochemistry, and should be distinguished from conventional colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Humans ; Male ; Aged ; Female ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism* ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology* ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Rectal Neoplasms/genetics* ; Cell Differentiation

Objective: To investigate the expression differences of LLGL2 between prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma, and its potential clinical significance. Methods: Eighteen patients diagnosed of PDA or prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma with PDA component by histopathology during January 2015 and December 2019 in the Beijing Hospital, China were retrospectively studied. The transcriptome analysis was conducted using the tissue of PDA and prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma. Differentially expressed genes and the differences in expression profiles were identified. Further, differentially expressed proteins were verified by immunohistochemistry. Results: The tissue from 8 of the 18 patients were used for transcriptome analysis, the results of which were compared with data from public databases. 129 differentially expressed genes were identified. 45 of them were upregulated while 84 were downregulated. The results of gene enrichment analysis and gene oncology (GO) analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mostly enriched in the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and interleukin-17 related pathways. GPAT2, LLGL2, MAMDC4, PCSK9 and SMIM6 were differentially expressed between PDA and prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma. Moreover, LLGL2 was more likely expressed in the cytoplasm (P=0.04) than the nucleus (P<0.01) in PDA, compared with prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: The gene expression profiling indicates that PDA are very similar to prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma. Among the differentially expressed proteins screened and verified in this study, the expression of GPAT2, LLGL2, MAMDC4 and PCSK9 is increased in PDA, while that of SMIM6 is reduced in PDA. The expression of LLGL2 shows significantly different patterns between PDA and prostatic acinar carcinoma, and thus may help differentiate PDA from prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma in clinical practice.
Male ; Humans ; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/pathology* ; Proprotein Convertase 9 ; Prostate/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism*

The gallbladder is the most common site of tumor occurrence among biliary tract cancer. Gallbladder cancer accounts for approximately 0.6% of new cancers and 0.9% of cancer-related deaths. The risk factors identified for the development of gallbladder cancer include being female,>65 years of age, asymptomatic gallstone disease,and obesity. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for early-stage gallbladder cancer, and some intermediate or advanced gallbladder cancers can be radically cured by extended resection. However, the extent of liver resection or lymph node dissection and whether to combine it with bile duct removal, revascularisation,and multiple organ resection remain somewhat controversial. After neoadjuvant treatment, up to a third of patients with locally advanced gallbladder cancer benefit from secondary surgical treatment. Only a small proportion of patients with gallbladder cancer at high risk for recurrence will benefit from postoperative adjuvant therapy. With the advent of different target-targeted drugs and the use of genetic tests in biliary tract cancer, targeted therapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may become the new standard of care for gallbladder cancer and need to be further explored.

Platelets are reprogrammed by cancer via a process called education, which favors cancer development. The transcriptional profile of tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) is skewed and therefore practicable for cancer detection. This intercontinental, hospital-based, diagnostic study included 761 treatment-naïve inpatients with histologically confirmed adnexal masses and 167 healthy controls from nine medical centers (China, n = 3; Netherlands, n = 5; Poland, n = 1) between September 2016 and May 2019. The main outcomes were the performance of TEPs and their combination with CA125 in two Chinese (VC1 and VC2) and the European (VC3) validation cohorts collectively and independently. Exploratory outcome was the value of TEPs in public pan-cancer platelet transcriptome datasets. The AUCs for TEPs in the combined validation cohort, VC1, VC2, and VC3 were 0.918 (95% CI 0.889-0.948), 0.923 (0.855-0.990), 0.918 (0.872-0.963), and 0.887 (0.813-0.960), respectively. Combination of TEPs and CA125 demonstrated an AUC of 0.922 (0.889-0.955) in the combined validation cohort; 0.955 (0.912-0.997) in VC1; 0.939 (0.901-0.977) in VC2; 0.917 (0.824-1.000) in VC3. For subgroup analysis, TEPs exhibited an AUC of 0.858, 0.859, and 0.920 to detect early-stage, borderline, non-epithelial diseases and 0.899 to discriminate ovarian cancer from endometriosis. TEPs had robustness, compatibility, and universality for preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer since it withstood validations in populations of different ethnicities, heterogeneous histological subtypes, and early-stage ovarian cancer. However, these observations warrant prospective validations in a larger population before clinical utilities.
Humans ; Female ; Blood Platelets/pathology* ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology* ; China

Background/Aims: Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are specialized gastrointestinal (GI) pacemaker cells required for normal GI motility. Dysfunctions in ICC have been reported in patients with GI motility disorders, such as gastroparesis, who exhibit debilitating symptoms and greatly reduced quality of life. While the proteins, calcium-activated chloride channel anoctamin-1 (ANO1) and the receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT), are known to be expressed by human ICC, relatively little is known about the broad molecular circuitry underpinning human ICC functions. The present study therefore investigates the transcriptome and proteome of ANO1-expressing, KIT low /CD45- /CD11B- ICC obtained from primary human gastric tissue. Methods: Excess human gastric tissue resections were obtained from sleeve gastrectomy patients. ICC were purified using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACSorting). Then, ICC were characterized by using immunofluorescence, real-time polymerase chain reaction, RNAsequencing and mass spectrometry. Results: Compared to unsorted cells, real-time polymerase chain reaction showed the KIT low /CD45- /CD11B- ICC had: a 9-fold (P < 0.05) increase in ANO1 expression; unchanged KIT expression; and reduced expression for genes associated with hematopoietic cells (CD68, > 10-fold, P < 0.001) and smooth muscle cells (DES, > 4-fold, P < 0.05). RNA-sequencing and gene ontology analyses of the KIT low / CD45- /CD11B- cells revealed a transcriptional profile consistent with ICC function. Similarly, mass spectrometry analyses of the KIT low / CD45- /CD11B - cells presented a proteomic profile consistent with ICC activities. STRING-based protein interaction analyses using the RNA-sequencing and proteomic datasets predicted protein networks consistent with ICC-associated pacemaker activity and ion transport. Conclusion These new and complementary datasets provide a valuable molecular framework for further understanding how ICC pacemaker activity regulates smooth muscle contraction in both normal GI tissue and GI motility disorders.

Automobiles ; Hearing Loss, High-Frequency ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/etiology* ; Humans ; Male ; Noise, Occupational/adverse effects* ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology* ; Occupational Exposure

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/etiology* ; Humans ; Male ; Manufacturing Industry ; Noise, Occupational ; Occupational Exposure ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Objective: To explore the effects of both pre-gestational BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG) on the birth weight of neonates. Methods: A total of 5 395 pregnant women were selected from the Southwest areas of China (Sichuan/Yunnan/Guizhou) and were divided into groups as pre-gestational underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity, according to the WHO Recommendation on BMI Classification. Guidelines on Pregnancy weight were adopted from the Institute of Medicine to confirm the accuracy of GWG. Multinomial logistic regression model was used to assess the associations between pregestational BMI and GWG, on the birth weight of the neonates. Results: After adjusting for related confounders, low pre-gestational BMI appeared as a risk factor for SGA (OR=1.91, 95%CI: 1.47-2.50), and was also associated with the decreased risk of LGA (OR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.47-0.66). Inadequate GWG was both associated with the increased risk of delivering SGA (OR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.21-2.03) and the decreased risk of LGA (OR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.41-0.57). Pre-gestational overweight/obesity (OR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.58-2.17) and excessive GWG (OR=1.87, 95%CI: 1.67- 2.11) were both positively associated with the risks on LGA. Data from the stratified analysis indicated that inadequate GWG was positively associated with the risk of SGA among underweight or normal weight women (all P<0.05), but not with those overweight/obese women. Conclusions: Pre-gestational BMI and GWG were important influencing factors on the birth weight of neonates. Health education programs for pregnant women should be intensified and gestational weight gain should also be reasonably under control.
Adult ; Birth Weight ; Body Mass Index ; China ; Female ; Gestational Weight Gain ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Prospective Studies ; Weight Gain

Objective: To estimate the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer in China in 2014, based on the cancer registration data. Data was collected through the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR). Methods: All together, 449 cancer registries submitted required data on incidence and deaths of kidney cancer occurred in 2014, to the NCCR. After evaluation on the quality of data,339 registries were accepted for analysis and stratified by areas (urban/rural) and age groups. Combined with data from the National population in 2014, the nationwide incidence and mortality of kidney cancer were estimated. Data from the 2000 National census was used, and with Segi's population used for the rates of age-standardized incidence/mortality. Results: The qualified 339 cancer registries covered a total population of 288 243 347, with 144 061 915 in urban and 144 181 432 in rural areas. The percentage of morphologically verified cases and cases with only available death certificates were 72.70% and 1.27%, respectively. The mortality to incidence ratio was 0.37. The estimates of new cases were around 68 300 in whole China, in 2014, with a crude incidence rate as 4.99/100 000 (95%CI: 4.95/100 000-5.03/100 000). The age-standardized incidence rates of kidney cancer, estimated by China standard population (ASR China) and world standard population (ASR world) were 3.43/100 000 (95%CI: 3.40/100 000-3.46/100 000) and 3.40/100 000 (95%CI: 3.37/100 000- 3.43/100 000), respectively. The cumulative incidence rate of kidney cancer was 0.40% in China. The crude and ASR China incidence rates for males appeared as 6.09/100 000 (6.03/100 000-6.15/100 000) and 4.32/100 000 (4.28/100 000-4.36/100 000), respectively, whereas those were 3.84/100 000 (3.79/100 000-3.89/100 000) and 2.54/100 000 (2.50/100 000-2.58/100 000) for females. The crude and ASR China incidence rates in urban areas appeared as 6.60/100 000 (95%CI: 6.54/100 000-6.66/100 000) and 4.25/100 000 (95%CI: 4.21/100 000-4.29/100 000), respectively, whereas those were 3.05/100 000 (95%CI: 3.01/100 000-3.09/100 000) and 2.29/100 000 (95%CI: 2.25/100 000-2.33/100 000) in rural areas. The estimates of kidney cancer deaths were around 25 600 in the country, in 2014, with a crude mortality rate of 1.87/100 000 (95%CI: 1.85/100 000-1.89/100 000). The ASR China and ASR world mortality rates appeared as 1.16/100 000 (95%CI: 1.14/100 000-1.18/100 000) and 1.16/100 000(95%CI: 1.14/100 000-1.18/100 000), respectively, with a cumulative mortality rate (0-74 years old) of 0.12%. The crude and ASR China mortality rates were 2.31/100 000 (95%CI: 2.27/100 000- 2.35/100 000) and 1.52/100 000 (95%CI: 1.50/100 000-1.54/100 000) for males, respectively, whereas those were 1.41/100 000 (95%CI: 1.38/100 000-1.44/100 000) and 0.81/100 000 (95%CI: 0.79/100 000- 0.83/100 000) for females. The crude and ASR China mortality rates were 2.49/100 000 (95%CI: 2.45/100 000-2.53/100 000) and 1.42/100 000 (95%CI: 1.40/100 000-1.44/100 000) in urban areas, respectively, whereas those were 1.12/100 000 (95%CI: 1.09/100 000-1.15/100 000) and 0.78/100 000 (95%CI: 0.76/100 000-0.80/100 000) in the rural areas. Conclusions: Both the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer seemed low, in China. However, the incidence of kidney cancer had greatly increased. Our findings suggested that prevention and control strategies for kidney cancer should be focused on males in the urban areas.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney Neoplasms/mortality* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Registries ; Rural Population ; Urban Population ; Young Adult