Objective:To investigate the subacute toxicity and target organs of triethylenediammonium perchlorate ammonium complex salt (DAP-4) .Methods:In August 2024, 40 SPF-grade SD rats were selected, with 10 rats in each group, half male and half female. There were 45, 140, and 420 mg/kg DAP-4 groups and a control group. Rats in each dose DAP-4 group were orally administered the corresponding amount of DAP-4 solution, while the control group was given the same dose of 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. SD rats were given intragastric administration once a day for 28 consecutive days. The behaviors, histopathological changes, and blood physiological and biochemical indicators of rats were detected at the corresponding time points respectively. One-way analysis of variance was used for the comparison of quantitative data between groups.Results:Compared with the control group, the body weight, food intake and food utilization rate of female and male rats in the 420 mg/kg DAP-4 group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), while no abnormalities were observed in the other dose groups. Compared with the control group, the white blood cell count of female rats in the 420 mg/kg DAP-4 group decreased, while the hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased and the total serum protein increased of male rats ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, fibrinogen was increased in both female and male rats in the 420 mg/kg DAP-4 group, and the thrombin time of female rats was shortened ( P<0.05). In each dose group, the livers of female and male rats showed varying degrees of vacuolar degeneration, and the renal tubules of female rats were swollen. Conclusion:420 mg/kg DAP-4 can cause damage to the liver and kidney of rats, and the maximal no effect level of DAP-4 for rats is 140 mg/kg.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the efficacy of DSA-guided intrathecal drug delivery system combined with Zi Wu Liu Zhu Acupoint Therapy for management of cancer pain and provide reference for its standardized clinical application. Methods and. RESULTS: Recommendations were formulated based on literature review and expert group discussion, and consensus was reached following expert consultation. The consensus recommendations are comprehensive, covering the entire treatment procedures from preoperative assessment and preparation, surgical operation process, postoperative management and traditional Chinese medicine treatment to individualized treatment planning. The study results showed that the treatment plans combining traditional Chinese with Western medicine effectively alleviated cancer pain, reduced the use of opioid drugs, and significantly improved the quality of life and enhanced immune function of the patients. Postoperative follow-up suggested good treatment tolerance among the patients without serious complications. CONCLUSIONS The formulated consensus is comprehensive and can provide reference for clinicians to use DSA-guided intrathecal drug delivery system combined with Zi Wu Liu Zhu Acupoint Therapy. The combined treatment has a high clinical value with a good safety profile for management of cancer pain.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Cancer Pain/therapy* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Pain Management/methods* ; China

Objective To investigate the characteristics and patterns of electroacupuncture parameters in hypertension mechanism research using data mining technology.Methods Computerized searches were conducted in multiple databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database,VIP Chinese Sci-Tech Journal Database,China Biology Medicine disc(CBM),PubMed,and Web of Science.The search period spanned from the inception of each database to July 2024.Basic research studies on electroacupuncture treatment for hypertension were collected to establish an electroacupuncture parameter database for hypertension.Descriptive statistics and association analysis were performed on the extracted data.Results The initial search yielded 13 977 publications.After screening,112 articles were ultimately included for analysis.The analysis revealed that the top three most frequently used acupoints were Zusanli(ST36),Quchi(LI11),and Taichong(LR3).The most commonly employed stimulation parameters were:continuous wave,2 Hz frequency,1 mA or 2 mA intensity,once daily treatment,30 minutes per session,with a total treatment duration of 28 days or 14 days.Conclusion In hypertension mechanism research,electroacupuncture stimulation parameters are predominantly characterized by low-frequency and low-intensity stimulation,with a treatment duration typically of 28 days.However,these parameter characteristics are primarily applied in mechanistic studies,and their translation to clinical practice requires further investigation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the composition of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and depression/anxiety/sleep disturbances (D/A/S) in patients with chronic pain.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at 13 tertiary hospitals across China, enrolling patients who experienced chronic pain between November 2023 and May 2024. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and TCM constitution categories were used to assess the patients. The association between the TCM constitution and the D/A/S ratio was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 1107 patients (63.2% women) were analyzed. Compared with those with a balanced constitution, patients who had qi-deficiency and yin-deficiency were at a higher risk of depression. Qi-deficiency and yin-deficiency were associated with anxiety. Sleep disturbances were common in patients with qi-deficiency constitution (odds ratio [OR]: 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42–3.81), yang-deficiency constitution (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.26–2.98), yin-deficiency constitution (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.24–3.32), blood stasis constitution (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.01–4.22), and qi-stagnation constitution (OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.35–5.25).ConclusionIn patients with chronic pain, specific TCM constitutions may be associated with D/A/S. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the potential causal relationships between TCM constitution types and these conditions.

Objective To explore the efficacy of DSA-guided intrathecal drug delivery system combined with Zi Wu Liu Zhu Acupoint Therapy for management of cancer pain and provide reference for its standardized clinical application.Methods and Results Recommendations were formulated based on literature review and expert group discussion,and consensus was reached following expert consultation.The consensus recommendations are comprehensive,covering the entire treatment procedures from preoperative assessment and preparation,surgical operation process,postoperative management and traditional Chinese medicine treatment to individualized treatment planning.The study results showed that the treatment plans combining traditional Chinese with Western medicine effectively alleviated cancer pain,reduced the use of opioid drugs,and significantly improved the quality of life and enhanced immune function of the patients.Postoperative follow-up suggested good treatment tolerance among the patients without serious complications.Conclusion The formulated consensus is comprehensive and can provide reference for clinicians to use DSA-guided intrathecal drug delivery system combined with Zi Wu Liu Zhu Acupoint Therapy.The combined treatment has a high clinical value with a good safety profile for management of cancer pain.

Objective To investigate whether the efficacy of acupuncture differs in patients with discogenic sciatica at different disease duration.Methods This study was a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial.A total of 216 patients with discogenic sciatica were divided into acupuncture(108 cases)and sham acupuncture groups(108 cases)using stratified block randomization.The bilateral D(a)ch(a)ngshū(BL25)and Gu(a)nyuánshū(BL26)were used as obligatory points in the acupuncture group,and five unilateral points were used as adjunct acupoints based on meridian syndrome differentiation theory.Seven non-acupoints that localized away from the relative meridians preset for sham acupuncture treatment were used for the sham acupuncture group.Patients were assigned to receive 10 sessions over 4 weeks.The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)and the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)scores were used for assessment at baseline,Week 4,and Week 52.Patients were divided into three subgroups(up to 24 months,more than 24 but up to 48 months,and more than 48 months)based on the duration of sciatica for secondary analyses,and the association between efficacy of acupuncture and duration was assessed.Results The acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups had lower VAS and ODI scores than at pre-treatment(P<0.05).In the subgroups with different disease durations,the acupuncture group had lower VAS and ODI scores than the sham acupuncture group(P<0.05).Further analysis of patients at different disease durations within the acupuncture group showed no differences in VAS and ODI scores among disease duration groups after acupuncture(P>0.05).Interaction analysis for both the treatment and follow-up periods showed no interaction effect between efficacy of acupuncture and disease duration(P>0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture is effective in patients with discogenic sciatica at different durations,and efficacy does not differ significantly according to duration,suggesting that acupuncture efficacy is relatively stable,which may provide a reference for clinical decision-making.

Objective:To investigate the subacute toxicity and target organs of triethylenediammonium perchlorate ammonium complex salt (DAP-4) .Methods:In August 2024, 40 SPF-grade SD rats were selected, with 10 rats in each group, half male and half female. There were 45, 140, and 420 mg/kg DAP-4 groups and a control group. Rats in each dose DAP-4 group were orally administered the corresponding amount of DAP-4 solution, while the control group was given the same dose of 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. SD rats were given intragastric administration once a day for 28 consecutive days. The behaviors, histopathological changes, and blood physiological and biochemical indicators of rats were detected at the corresponding time points respectively. One-way analysis of variance was used for the comparison of quantitative data between groups.Results:Compared with the control group, the body weight, food intake and food utilization rate of female and male rats in the 420 mg/kg DAP-4 group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), while no abnormalities were observed in the other dose groups. Compared with the control group, the white blood cell count of female rats in the 420 mg/kg DAP-4 group decreased, while the hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased and the total serum protein increased of male rats ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, fibrinogen was increased in both female and male rats in the 420 mg/kg DAP-4 group, and the thrombin time of female rats was shortened ( P<0.05). In each dose group, the livers of female and male rats showed varying degrees of vacuolar degeneration, and the renal tubules of female rats were swollen. Conclusion:420 mg/kg DAP-4 can cause damage to the liver and kidney of rats, and the maximal no effect level of DAP-4 for rats is 140 mg/kg.

Objective To investigate whether the efficacy of acupuncture differs in patients with discogenic sciatica at different disease duration.Methods This study was a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial.A total of 216 patients with discogenic sciatica were divided into acupuncture(108 cases)and sham acupuncture groups(108 cases)using stratified block randomization.The bilateral D(a)ch(a)ngshū(BL25)and Gu(a)nyuánshū(BL26)were used as obligatory points in the acupuncture group,and five unilateral points were used as adjunct acupoints based on meridian syndrome differentiation theory.Seven non-acupoints that localized away from the relative meridians preset for sham acupuncture treatment were used for the sham acupuncture group.Patients were assigned to receive 10 sessions over 4 weeks.The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)and the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)scores were used for assessment at baseline,Week 4,and Week 52.Patients were divided into three subgroups(up to 24 months,more than 24 but up to 48 months,and more than 48 months)based on the duration of sciatica for secondary analyses,and the association between efficacy of acupuncture and duration was assessed.Results The acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups had lower VAS and ODI scores than at pre-treatment(P<0.05).In the subgroups with different disease durations,the acupuncture group had lower VAS and ODI scores than the sham acupuncture group(P<0.05).Further analysis of patients at different disease durations within the acupuncture group showed no differences in VAS and ODI scores among disease duration groups after acupuncture(P>0.05).Interaction analysis for both the treatment and follow-up periods showed no interaction effect between efficacy of acupuncture and disease duration(P>0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture is effective in patients with discogenic sciatica at different durations,and efficacy does not differ significantly according to duration,suggesting that acupuncture efficacy is relatively stable,which may provide a reference for clinical decision-making.

Objective Analysis of misdiagnosis and causes of neck pain related diseases,and to explore the different diagnostic ideas of Chinese and Western medicine and the countermeasures to reduce misdiagnosis,so as to help acupuncturists improve their understanding of this disease.Method The relevant literature on conditions with neck pain as the chief complaint was systematically searched,using data mining for retrospective analysis,sorting out the different diagnostic ideas of Chinese and Western medicine,proposing individualized countermeasures for reducing misdiagnosis.Results ①After retrieval,126 case reports were included,totaling 445 cases of diagnostic error,involving 9 systems and 38 conditions,of which cervical spondylosis was the most commonly misdiagnosed.The confirmed cases involved 7 systems and 46 conditions,of which tumors,subacute thyroiditis,eagle syndrome,acute myocardial infarction and thoracic outlet syndrome were the most commonly misdiagnosed.②The are various causes for the misdiagnosis of this condition,including atypical symptoms,insufficient understanding of the condition,lack of understanding of rare conditions,incomplete physical and auxiliary examina-tions,or wrong guidance.③There are many erroneous diagnosis of neck pain,which can delay the condition and even endanger lives.A clear diagnosis is the premise and basis for effective Traditional Chinese and Western medical intervention.Conclusion There exists a number of possibilities for the misdiagnosis of this disease.Therefore,we must meticulously collect medical history,improve specialist physical and auxiliary examination,emphasizing holistic thinking and differential diagnosis.Acupuncture department as the main department of patients with neck pain,in order to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of neck pain,requires acupuncturists to consolidate the Western medicine diagnosis of neck pain,closely linked to the Traditional Chinese Medicine"three principles"of"treatment based on disease differentiation",in order to reduce misdiagnosis,cure the disease,improve long-term efficacy.

Objective:To explore whether the deqi effect affects the effectiveness of manual acupuncture for treating knee osteoarthritis by a network meta-analysis (NMA).Methods:Eight databases were searched for relevant published studies since inception through January 2021.Randomized control trials that compared manual acupuncture with deqi,manual acupuncture without deqi,and conventional treatment of western medicine were included.Languages were limited to English and Chinese.Two authors independently selected eligible studies,assessed methodological quality and the effects of deqi,and extracted outcome data.The mean difference (MD) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95％ confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by Stata 15.0 to conduct an NMA based on a frequentist framework.Results:Fourteen trials with a total of 1868 subjects were included.The direct and indirect comparisons were authentic,according to inconsistency tests.The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pooled results indicated that there was no significant effect of deqi(SMD =-0.23,95％ CI[0.81,0.35]).The pooled results of visual analogue scale (VAS) were similar to those of WOMAC (MD-0.53,95％ CI[1.03,0.02]).Conclusion:As a summary of the currently available research,the NMA results indicated that deqi effect might not be the crucial factor for the effectiveness of manual acupuncture.