Objective:To explore the effect of exercise on glycemic control and physical indicators among community-dwelling persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:A total of 42 T2DM patients undergoing regular follow-up at a community health center were divided into a control group and an exercise group. To minimize confounding factors, 1∶1 propensity score matching was performed, resulting in 21 patients in each group. Both groups received standardized diabetes management, including medication, dietary guidance and diabetes health education. The exercise group additionally performed exercises which integrated sports and medical care models. The experiment lasted 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, visceral fat area (VFA), fat mass index (FMI) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) were recorded and compared between the two groups. Moreover, the actual exercise compliance of the exercise group was observed, along with any adverse events such as hypoglycemia or exercise-related injuries, as well as changes in antidiabetic medication dosage.Results:After the intervention, significant improvement was observed in both groups in all of the measurements, but with the average HbA1c, BMI, fat mass, VFA and FMI values of the exercise group then significantly better than the control group′s averages. The average compliance rate in the exercise group was 60%. No cases of hypoglycemia or exercise-related injuries were reported during the intervention, and there were no changes in the use of anti-diabetes medications.Conclusions:Exercise effectively improves glycemic control and physical indicators among community-dwelling T2DM patients. However, exercise compliance needs improving.

Objective:To develop an essential version of the Sleep Disorder ICF combination with assessment efficacy based on item response theory(IRT),and provide a basis for the connection between assessment and treat-ment.Method:Based on the sampling principle of the maximum variation strategy,convenience samples were col-lected.The control variables of maximum variation included age,body mass index(BMI),the physical com-ponent summary(PCS)and mental component summary(MCS)of SF-12,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90).ICF core set of sleep disorders,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MOCA),Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey(SF-12)were administered to eligible participants.An abridged version of the ICF-based comprehensive core set was conducted for sleep disorders using IRT.Monte Carlo simulation was ap-plied to analyze the relationship between individual functional levels(θ)and item difficulty in person-item maps,and to calculate the degree of benefit from interventions.Result:A 3-parameter logistic model(3PLM)with 34 categories was developed,demonstrating high reliability(internal consistency reliability test results:Cronbach's α=0.9249,Guttman's λ-2=0.9320,MS statistic=0.9398,LCRC=0.9585)and validity(the scores of the 34 ICF categories were significantly correlated with the original ICF scores,PSQI scores,SCL-90 scores,and SF-12 scores,P<0.001).The person-item map was used to match individual sleep-related functional levels(θ)to the item difficulties,distinguishing between the mastered and challenging categories,The degree of benefit was calculated for each matched item,revealing a strong cor-relation between item difficulty and benefit degree(P<0.001,Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.777).Conclusion:This study constructed a parsimonious version of the ICF-based comprehensive core set for sleep disorders with 34 items using IRT.The model can effectively evaluate the sleep-related(including cognitive-be-havioral,psychological-emotional,and social)functional levels in individuals with sleep disorders.The applica-tion of the model analysis further provides a visual tool and the expected benefit after intervention items,which can offer new insights for the rehabilitation of sleep disorders.

Objective:To observe the effect of quadrato motor training(QMT)training on the balance of stroke patients under two conditions(single and dual-task).Method:The eligible stroke patients were randomly divided into three groups:the control group(n=15),the gait training group(n=15),and the QMT group(n=15).All groups received routine rehabilitation training.The gait training group received additional gait training,while the QMT group received QMT training.The Prokin Balance Assessment System,Berg balance scale,timed up and go test(TUGT),仃ail making test(TMT),dual-task cost,and specific activity balance confidence scale were used to evaluate the static and dy-namic balance function,attention and executive function,dual-task performance,and self-efficacy of balance before and after treatment in the three groups.Result:Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the assessment indicators among the three groups(P＞0.05).After treatment,only the TUGT test showed a significant difference compared to before treat-ment in the control group,while the other indicators showed no significant differences(P＞0.05).In the gait training group,only the average swing speed in the ML direction during the eyes-open test,the average swing speed in the AP direction during the eyes-closed test,and the movement length did not improve com-pared to before treatment,while the other indicators showed significant differences compared to before treat-ment(P＜0.05).In the QMT group,all indicators showed improvement compared to before treatment(P＜0.05).The QMT group showed significantly better results than the control group in terms of the average swing speed in the AP direction during the eyes-open test,the movement ellipse area,and ABC(P＜0.01).In the eyes-closed test,the QMT group showed better results than both the control group and the gait training group in terms of the average swing speed in the ML direction,the movement length,the average swing speed in the AP direction,the movement ellipse area,Berg Balance Scale,TUG,TUGT cognitive,DTC,TMTA,TMTB,and TMTB-A(P＜0.05).Conclusion:As an interactive exercise cognitive training,QMT training was found to be more effective in im-proving attention and executive function,dynamic and static balance function,and reducing dual-task costs than single exercise training in stroke patients.

Objective:To observe the effect of quadrato motor training(QMT)training on the balance of stroke patients under two conditions(single and dual-task).Method:The eligible stroke patients were randomly divided into three groups:the control group(n=15),the gait training group(n=15),and the QMT group(n=15).All groups received routine rehabilitation training.The gait training group received additional gait training,while the QMT group received QMT training.The Prokin Balance Assessment System,Berg balance scale,timed up and go test(TUGT),仃ail making test(TMT),dual-task cost,and specific activity balance confidence scale were used to evaluate the static and dy-namic balance function,attention and executive function,dual-task performance,and self-efficacy of balance before and after treatment in the three groups.Result:Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the assessment indicators among the three groups(P＞0.05).After treatment,only the TUGT test showed a significant difference compared to before treat-ment in the control group,while the other indicators showed no significant differences(P＞0.05).In the gait training group,only the average swing speed in the ML direction during the eyes-open test,the average swing speed in the AP direction during the eyes-closed test,and the movement length did not improve com-pared to before treatment,while the other indicators showed significant differences compared to before treat-ment(P＜0.05).In the QMT group,all indicators showed improvement compared to before treatment(P＜0.05).The QMT group showed significantly better results than the control group in terms of the average swing speed in the AP direction during the eyes-open test,the movement ellipse area,and ABC(P＜0.01).In the eyes-closed test,the QMT group showed better results than both the control group and the gait training group in terms of the average swing speed in the ML direction,the movement length,the average swing speed in the AP direction,the movement ellipse area,Berg Balance Scale,TUG,TUGT cognitive,DTC,TMTA,TMTB,and TMTB-A(P＜0.05).Conclusion:As an interactive exercise cognitive training,QMT training was found to be more effective in im-proving attention and executive function,dynamic and static balance function,and reducing dual-task costs than single exercise training in stroke patients.

Objective:To develop an essential version of the Sleep Disorder ICF combination with assessment efficacy based on item response theory(IRT),and provide a basis for the connection between assessment and treat-ment.Method:Based on the sampling principle of the maximum variation strategy,convenience samples were col-lected.The control variables of maximum variation included age,body mass index(BMI),the physical com-ponent summary(PCS)and mental component summary(MCS)of SF-12,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90).ICF core set of sleep disorders,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MOCA),Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey(SF-12)were administered to eligible participants.An abridged version of the ICF-based comprehensive core set was conducted for sleep disorders using IRT.Monte Carlo simulation was ap-plied to analyze the relationship between individual functional levels(θ)and item difficulty in person-item maps,and to calculate the degree of benefit from interventions.Result:A 3-parameter logistic model(3PLM)with 34 categories was developed,demonstrating high reliability(internal consistency reliability test results:Cronbach's α=0.9249,Guttman's λ-2=0.9320,MS statistic=0.9398,LCRC=0.9585)and validity(the scores of the 34 ICF categories were significantly correlated with the original ICF scores,PSQI scores,SCL-90 scores,and SF-12 scores,P<0.001).The person-item map was used to match individual sleep-related functional levels(θ)to the item difficulties,distinguishing between the mastered and challenging categories,The degree of benefit was calculated for each matched item,revealing a strong cor-relation between item difficulty and benefit degree(P<0.001,Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.777).Conclusion:This study constructed a parsimonious version of the ICF-based comprehensive core set for sleep disorders with 34 items using IRT.The model can effectively evaluate the sleep-related(including cognitive-be-havioral,psychological-emotional,and social)functional levels in individuals with sleep disorders.The applica-tion of the model analysis further provides a visual tool and the expected benefit after intervention items,which can offer new insights for the rehabilitation of sleep disorders.

Objective:To explore the effect of exercise on glycemic control and physical indicators among community-dwelling persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:A total of 42 T2DM patients undergoing regular follow-up at a community health center were divided into a control group and an exercise group. To minimize confounding factors, 1∶1 propensity score matching was performed, resulting in 21 patients in each group. Both groups received standardized diabetes management, including medication, dietary guidance and diabetes health education. The exercise group additionally performed exercises which integrated sports and medical care models. The experiment lasted 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, visceral fat area (VFA), fat mass index (FMI) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) were recorded and compared between the two groups. Moreover, the actual exercise compliance of the exercise group was observed, along with any adverse events such as hypoglycemia or exercise-related injuries, as well as changes in antidiabetic medication dosage.Results:After the intervention, significant improvement was observed in both groups in all of the measurements, but with the average HbA1c, BMI, fat mass, VFA and FMI values of the exercise group then significantly better than the control group′s averages. The average compliance rate in the exercise group was 60%. No cases of hypoglycemia or exercise-related injuries were reported during the intervention, and there were no changes in the use of anti-diabetes medications.Conclusions:Exercise effectively improves glycemic control and physical indicators among community-dwelling T2DM patients. However, exercise compliance needs improving.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of modified Baduanjin exercise, as an rehabilitation exercise, on cardiopulmonary function, motor function and activities of daily living in patients with stroke. MethodsFrom January to September, 2023, 42 stroke patients in the Nanjing Qixia District Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 21) and experimental group (n = 21). The control group received routine rehabilitation, and the experimental group received modified Baduanjin exercise in addition, for four weeks. They were assessed with peak oxygen uptake (VO_2peak), anaerobic threshold (AT), peak oxygen pulse (VO_2peak/HR), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁), peak expiratory flow (PEF), Fugl-Meyer Assessment-upper extremities (FMA-UE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) before and after intervention. ResultsVO_2peak, AT, and the scores of FMA-UE, BBS and MBI improved in the control group after intervention (|t| > 2.256, |Z| > 2.936, P < 0.05); while VO_2peak, AT, VO_2peak/HR, FVC, FEV₁, PEF, and the scores of FMA-UE, BBS and MBI improved in the experimental group (|t| > 4.390, |Z| > 3.451, P < 0.001); and all the indexes were better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 4.136，|Z| > 2.751，P < 0.01), except the scores of BBS and MBI. ConclusionModified Baduanjin exercise can improve the cardiopulmonary function and upper limb motor function for stroke patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of galvanic vestibular stimulation on stroke patients with lateropulsion. MethodsFrom February to October, 2023, 30 stroke patients with lateropulsion in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were divided into control group (n = 15) and experimental group (n = 15) randomly. The control group received routine rehabilitation and sham galvanic vestibular stimulation, and the experimental group received routine rehabilitation and true galvanic vestibular stimulation, for two weeks. They were assessed with Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP), subjective visual vertical (SVV), Line Cancellation Test (LCT), Star Cancellation Test (SCT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Holden Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) and Barthel Index (BI) before and after treatment. ResultsAll the indexes improved in both groups after intervention (|t| > 2.461, Z > 3.000, P < 0.05), except the SVV orientation, SVV certainty and SCT in the control group; while the SCP, SVV certainty, LCT and FAC were better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.189, Z = -2.862, P < 0.05), and the differences before and after intervention were better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.382, P < 0.05), except LCT. SCP was correlated with SVV orientation, SVV certainty, SCT, BBS, BI and FAC (|r| > 0.381, P < 0.05). ConclusionGalvanic vestibular stimulation can improve the lateropulsion, balance, walking function and activities of daily living in stroke patients, which may be related to improvement for spatial cognitive function, especially vertical perception.