Jianghuanglian is one of the representative processed products of Coptidis Rhizoma for treating cold syndrome with drugs of heat nature， and ginger is used to restrict the bitter cold of Coptidis Rhizoma， which can be traced back to Bojifang， and it is suitable for stagnation of damp-heat in middle-jiao， cold-heat mutual knots and other symptoms. Jianghuanglian retains the alkaloids， phenylpropanoids and flavonoids of Coptidis Rhizoma， and also introduces gingerol components such as 6-gingerol in ginger， which has pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory， antibacterial， anti-tumor， and improving gastrointestinal function. The 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and many local processing specifications have included the traditional processing process and quality standards of Jianghuanglian， but the specific process parameters and quality standards are incomplete， which limits the production and clinical application of this processed product. By summarizing the processing history， process research， quality evaluation， pharmacodynamic and medicinal property changes and application of Jianghuanglian in the past 20 years， there are differences in the processing methods and standards in various provinces and cities， which are mainly reflected in the preparation method， dosage， processing process and quantitative standards of ginger juice. In addition， there are also certain differences in the changes of the main components of Jianghuanglian prepared from ginger or dried ginger， as well as their efficacy and medicinal properties. The research on the processing process of Jianghuanglian plays an important role in improving its quality standards， and this review can provide a reference for improving the quality evaluation system of Jianghuanglian.

OBJECTIVE: High-altitude hypoxia exposure often damages hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Nogo-A is an important axonal growth inhibitory factor. However, its function in high-altitude hypoxia and its mechanism of action remain unclear. METHODS: In an in vivo study, a low-pressure oxygen chamber was used to simulate high-altitude hypoxia, and genetic or pharmacological intervention was used to block the Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling pathway. Contextual fear conditioning and Morris water maze behavioral tests were used to assess learning and memory in rats, and synaptic damage in the hippocampus and changes in oxidative stress levels were observed. In vitro, SH-SY5Y cells were used to assess oxidative stress and mitochondrial function with or without Nogo-A knockdown in Oxygen Glucose-Deprivation/Reperfusion (OGD/R) models. RESULTS: Exposure to acute high-altitude hypoxia for 3 or 7 days impaired learning and memory in rats, triggered oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue, and reduced the dendritic spine density of hippocampal neurons. Blocking the Nogo-A/NgR1 pathway ameliorated oxidative stress, synaptic damage, and the learning and memory impairment induced by high-altitude exposure. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate the detrimental role of Nogo-A protein in mediating learning and memory impairment under high-altitude hypoxia and suggest the potential of the Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling pathway as a crucial therapeutic target for alleviating learning and memory dysfunction induced by high-altitude exposure. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT available in www.besjournal.com.
Animals ; Oxidative Stress ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Rats ; Nogo Proteins/genetics* ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Hypoxia/metabolism* ; Altitude ; Synapses ; Humans ; Altitude Sickness/metabolism*

A pair of positively charged stable isotope labelling agents,4-((2,5-dioxocyclopentyloxy)carbonyl)-N,N,N-trimethylnaphthalen-1-aminium iodide(DPTNA)and its deuterated counterpart d3-DPTNA,were designed and synthesized,which were applied to pre-column labelling of alkylphenols to enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).By crosslinking covalent organic framework(COF)with hydrophilic sodium alginate and Ca2+in the presence of pore forming agent NH4HCO3 and surfactant P123,abundant of"gas pocket"were created before and during the beads formation process,and high porous COF beads with macroporous and open structure were achieved after removal of gas.Compared with traditional powdered adsorbents,COF beads demonstrated superior operability and recyclability.The proposed method was applied to analysis of alkylphenols in water samples with method LODs of 0.25-0.50 ng/L,while the method LOQs were in the range of 0.80-1.52 ng/L,and recoveries ranged from 92.2%to 98.3%.The proposed method could be well applied to the simultaneous enrichment and analysis of alkylphenols in water samples.

Facing of mounting resource constraints and rising demands for personalization in medical education,regional anatomy teaching urgently requires transformation.In this paper,we focus on the regional anatomy of the thoracic wall,in order to explore a novel AI-driven teaching paradigm.Anchored in the core principle of"virtual-real integration with cadaveric dissection as the cornerstone,"the paradigm redefines educational objective and constructs an intelligent,closed-loop teaching model integrating students,computers,and instructors.Leveraging the robust support of digital intelligence(e.g.,DeepSeek),this paradigm incorporates interactive method including group collaboration,branching instruction,and gamified assessments.It achieves a comprehensive intelligent transformation of the entire teaching process-from goal setting and plan customization to activity implementation,task completion,outcome exchange,multidimensional evaluation,and reflective iteration.This new paradigm centers on medical students and leverages digital intelligence to activate deep personalized learning potential.It seamlessly integrates fundamental anatomical knowledge with clinical scenarios(e.g.,key anatomy in breast cancer surgery,flap design in breast reconstruction),and significantly enhances clinical decision-making abilities,scientific research and innovative thinking,as well as medical humanistic literacy,paving a new path for intelligent medical education.

Objective To explore the integration value of mobile virtual reality devices in the classroom teaching of human anatomy,and to evaluate their potential impact on the in-depth construction of human anatomy knowledge,the cultivation of spatial cognitive ability,and the transformation of teaching paradigms from the perspectives of cognitive load theory and situated learning.Methods The undergraduate students majoring in clinical medicine in Peking University were selected as the research objects.Among them,students in grade 2019 were the control group,and students in grade 2022 were the experimental group,introducing movable virtual anatomy equipment and other teaching auxiliary method in theory and practice courses.The final exam scores of the two groups of students were compared,and a questionnaire survey was conducted for the experimental group after the course,and the survey result were statistically analyzed.Results The final examination result showed that the average score of the experimental group was 82.47±10.19,and the average score of the control group was 74.82±16.56,which was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).The questionnaire survey result showed that compared with traditional classroom teaching,94.62％of students preferred the new auxiliary teaching mode such as VR,96.77％of students believed that VR assisted teaching could achieve the traditional teaching effect or better,95.7％of them think that it improved students' interest in learning human anatomy,and 98.92％thought that it improved students' knowledge of anatomy.Conclusion The application of mobile virtual reality devices in anatomy classroom teaching provides immersive and interactive 3D visualization teaching scenarios,effectively reducing students' cognitive load on abstract and complex anatomical structures,promoting spatial understanding and knowledge internalization,significantly improving teaching effectiveness and self-learning ability,thus changing the traditional anatomy teaching mode and laying a solid foundation for the development of future medical education and the cultivation of medical talents.

Yuhuanglian is one of the representative processed products to change the medicinal properties of Coptidis Rhizoma， which was first published in Hanshi Yitong. Its processing method is to mix Evodiae Fructus juice with Coptidis Rhizoma with stir-frying for drying， that is， Coptidis Rhizoma processed with Evodiae Fructus juice can reduce the bitterness and cold properties on the basis of retaining the effect of purging fire and detoxification， so that Yuhuanglian is cold but not stagnant， which can clear dampness-heat in Qifen， and is effective in treating the liver-qi invading stomach， vomiting and swallowing acid. As a representative variety of processing with medicine juice， Yuhuanglian is included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and local processing standards， and its processing technology research and optimization has been attracting much attention. Modern studies have shown that Yuhuanglian not only contains berberine， jatrorrhizine， palmatine and other components， but also contains evodiamine， rutaecarpine， limonin and other components from Evodiae Fructus， which have anti-inflammatory， antibacterial， anti-tumor and other pharmacological activities. This paper collated and summarized the related research reports of Yuhuanglian in the past 20 years from the perspectives of processing history， efficacy and medicinal properties， quality evaluation and clinical application， and found that the processing methods and standards of Yuhuanglian were quite different in different provinces and cities， mainly involving the preparation and dosage of Evodiae Fructus juice and the criteria for the processing end point. In addition， the changes in the major components of Yuhuanglian before and after processing varied greatly among different studies， presumably related to the different processes and quality standards， this paper summarized the processing history， technology， pharmacodynamics， quality evaluation and clinical application of Yuhuanglian， in order to provide reference for improving its quality evaluation system.

Objective To explore the effect of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)microRNA 17-92 cluster host gene(MIR17HG)regulating microRNA(miR)-214-3p/ring finger protein 38(RNF38)signal axis on the malignant biological behavior of liver cancer cells.Methods The cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of 46 patients with liver cancer who underwent surgical resection in our hospital from May 2022 to October 2023 were collected to detect the expression of lncRNA MIR17HG,miR-214-3p and RNF38.HepG2,Bel-7402,SMMC-7721 and HL-7702 cells were cultured in vitro,and the expression of lncRNA MIR17HG,miR-214-3p and RNF38 was compared,Bel-7402 cells were selected for further study,and randomly divided into sh-NC group,sh-MIR17HG group,anti-NC group,anti-miR-214-3p group and Bel-7402 group.The proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and migration of Bel-7402 cells in each group were investigated,the expression of RNF38,caspase-3(caspase-3),B cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP2)and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP9)protein was analyzed by western blotting,the relationship between lncRNA MIR17HG and miR-214-3p and the relationship between miR-214-3p and RNF38 were verified by double luciferase.Results The mRNA expression of lncRNA MIR17HG and RNF38 in liver cancer tissues was higher,the mRNA expression of miR-214-3p was lower,and the positive expression rate of RNF38 protein was higher(P＜0.05).The expression of lncRNA MIR17HG mRNA,RNF38 mRNA and RNF38 protein in SMMC-7721,HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells was higher than that in HL-7702 cells,and the expression of miR-214-3p mRNA was lower than that in HL-7702 cells(P＜0.05).Compared with Bel-7402 group and sh-NC group,the OD450nm value,the number of cloned cells,the number of invasive cells,the number of migrated cells and the expression of RNF38,MMP2,Bcl-2 and MMP9 in sh-MIR17HG group decreased,while the apoptosis rate and the expression of caspase-3 increased(P＜0.05).Compared with sh-MIR17HG group and anti-NC group,the OD450nm value,the number of cloned cells,the number of invasive cells,the number of migrated cells and the expression of RNF38,MMP2,Bcl-2 and MMP9 in anti-miR-214-3p group increased,while the apoptosis rate and the expression of caspase-3 decreased(P＜0.05).LncRNA MIR17HG and miR-214-3p,and miR-214-3p and RNF38 have targeted relationships respectively.The luciferase activity in miR-214-3p+WT-MIR17HG group was lower than that in miR-NC+WT-MIR17HG group(P＜0.05),and the luciferase activity in miR-214-3p+WT-RNF38 group was lower than that in miR-NC+WT-RNF38 group(P＜0.05).Conclusion LncRNA MIR17HG may promote the malignant biological behavior of liver cancer cells by regulating the miR-214-3p/RNF38 axis.

Objective To establish an acute exposure model of extreme plateau hypobaric hypoxia environment and explore transcriptomic changes related to learning and memory impairment in rats.Methods Healthy male SD rats aged 6-weeks,200-250 g,were selected and divided into control group and plateau group.The control group was treated with normal pressure and oxygen(19 rats),and the plateau group was placed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber(19 rats)at a simulated altitude of 8000 meters and treated for 72 hours.Behavioral changes were detected with 16 animals from each group using contextual fear conditioning and Morris water maze(8 rats each).Three hippocampal tissues were extracted from each group for transcriptomic sequencing,and the molecular mechanism of learning and memory impairment induced by extreme plateau environment was analyzed by Gene Ontology(GO),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)and gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)enrichment.Results The behavioral result showed that compared with the control group,the fear memory and spatial learning memory abilities of rats in plateau group were decreased.GO and KEGG analyses showed that the extreme altitude environment reshaped the hippocampal microenvironment and affected the intercellular signal transmission,while GSEA analysis showed that the extreme altitude environment up-regulated the gene set related to the plasma membrane and extracellular matrix.Conclusion The extreme plateau environment at an altitude of 8000 meters could affect the microenvironment of rat hippocampus,destroy intercellular connections and impair intercellular communication and then induce learning and memory impairment.

Objective To study the risk factors for embolism in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(RMPP)and to construct a nomogram model for prediction of embolism.Methods This retrospective study included 175 children diagnosed with RMPP at Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to October 2023.They were divided into two groups based on the presence of embolism:the embolism group(n=62)and the non-embolism group(n=113).Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen for risk factors of embolism in children with RMPP,and the R software was applied to construct the nomogram model for prediction of embolism.Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that higher levels of D-dimer,interleukin-6(IL-6)and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR),lung necrosis,and pleural effusion were risk factors for embolism in children with RMPP(P＜0.05).The area under the curve of the nomogram model for prediction of embolism constructed based on the aforementioned risk factors was 0.912(95％CI:0.871-0.952,P＜0.05).The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed that the model had a good fit with the actual situation(P＜0.05).Calibration and decision curve analysis indicated that the model had high predictive efficacy and clinical applicability.Conclusions Higher levels of D-dimer,IL-6 and NLR,lung necrosis,and pleural effusion are risk factors for embolism in children with RMPP.The nomogram model based on these risk factors has high clinical value for predicting embolism in children with RMPP.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects and its possible mechanism of Wuzi Yanzong Pill (WYP) on Parkinson's disease (PD) model mice. METHODS: Thirty-six C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups including normal, PD, and PD+WYP groups, 12 mice in each group. One week of intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was used to establish the classical PD model in mice. Meanwhile, mice in the PD+WYP group were administrated with 16 g/kg WYP, twice daily by gavage. After 14 days of administration, gait test, open field test and pole test were measured to evaluate the movement function. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons in substantia nigra of midbrain and binding immunoglobulin heavy chain protein (GRP78) in striatum and cortex were observed by immunohistochemistry. The levels of TH, GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4, p-IRE1α, XBP1, ATF6, CHOP, ASK1, p-JNK, Caspase-12, -9 and -3 in brain were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the PD group, WYP treatment ameliorated gait balance ability in PD mice (P<0.05). Similarly, WYP increased the total distance and average speed (P<0.05 or P<0.01), reduced rest time and pole time (P<0.05). Moreover, WYP significantly increased TH positive cells (P<0.01). Immunofluorescence showed WYP attenuated the levels of GRP78 in striatum and cortex. Meanwhile, WYP treatment significantly decreased the protein expressions of GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4, p-IRE1 α, XBP1, CHOP, Caspase-12 and Caspase-9 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS WYP ameliorated motor symptoms and pathological lesion of PD mice, which may be related to the regulation of unfolded protein response-mediated signaling pathway and inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis pathway.