Genistein is a naturally occurring compound widely found in leguminous plants and is the primary active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as Astragalus,Puer-aria lobata(Kudzu),Fagopyrum esculentum(Buckwheat),and Rhodiola.Modern pharmacological research indicates that genistein possesses a variety of biological activities,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antitumor,lipid-lowering,an-tidiabetic,anti-ultraviolet,and neuroprotective effects.There-fore,by summarizing and generalizing the pharmacological ac-tions and mechanisms of genistein,it is hoped to provide a basis for its clinical application and drug development.

Genistein is a naturally occurring compound widely found in leguminous plants and is the primary active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as Astragalus,Puer-aria lobata(Kudzu),Fagopyrum esculentum(Buckwheat),and Rhodiola.Modern pharmacological research indicates that genistein possesses a variety of biological activities,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antitumor,lipid-lowering,an-tidiabetic,anti-ultraviolet,and neuroprotective effects.There-fore,by summarizing and generalizing the pharmacological ac-tions and mechanisms of genistein,it is hoped to provide a basis for its clinical application and drug development.

RNA fluorescence aptamers are RNA sequences that can specifically bind to non-toxic,cell permeable,and self-fluorescent target molecules and activate their luminescent properties.These aptamers provide powerful tools for biosensing and imaging researches due to their simple structure,easy synthesis,and easy transfection.This article summarized the characteristics and development history of various RNA fluorescent aptamers,including Malachite Green,Spinach,Broccoli,Mango,Corn,and Pepper family,as well as their corresponding fluorescent groups.The applications of RNA fluorescent aptamers were also reviewed from two aspects:extracellular detection and cell imaging.This review might provide guidance for labeling,detection and interactions of molecules from proof of concept and clinical assessment to practical clinical and biomedical applications.

Objective:To construct a prognostic risk prediction model for colorectal cancer(CRC)based on endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)-related genes,and to evaluate the value of the model in predicting the prognosis of CRC.Methods:The gene data and clinical information of CRC group were downloaded from the TCGA database,and a prognostic risk prediction model based on ERS-related genes was designed by LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis.The model was used to predict the prognostic risk and immune response of CRC pa-tients,and the ROC curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of the risk prediction model.Re-sults:A total of 255 ERS-related genes were found in the data of 455 CRC cases,and 11 prognosis-related genes,including HSPA1A,MAGEA3,ATP2A1,DNAJB2,DNAJC3,EIF2B5,FLOT1,GET4,HERPUD2,STC2 and TMUB1,were screened by multivariate Cox regression,and a prognostic risk prediction model was constructed,with risk score=0.151 × HSPA1A+0.240 × MAGEA3+1.715 × ATP2A1+1.162 × DNAJB2-0.563 × DNAJC3+1.127 × EIF2B5+0.653 × FLOT1-1.580 × GET4+1.684 × HERPUD2+0.260 × STC2+0.710 × TMUB1.Higher risk scores were associ-ated with worse prognosis,immune response,drug sensitivity in patients and the lower the TMB score.Compared to traditional TNM staging,the area under the ROC curve(AUC=0.78)and C in-dex of the prognostic risk prediction model were higher.Conclusion:The prognostic risk predic-tion model of ERS-related genes has a good predictive effect on the prognosis of CRCand pro-vides guidance for the application of immunotherapy.

Objective To explore the role pathway and pattern of the myeloma cancer gene (MYC) and its mRNA interaction with the microRNAs(miRNAs) and circular RNA(circRNAs) at hour 0, hour 6 and hour 72 in the rat liver regeneration. Methods The rat 2/3 hepatectomy (PH) model was prepared as described by Higgins, the hepatocytes were isolated according to the method of Smedsrod et al. The expression changes of mRNA, miRNA and circRNA [together named as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)] were detected by the large-scale quantitative detection technology, the interaction network of ceRNA was constructed by Cytoscape 3.2 software, and their correlation in expression and role were analyzed by ceRNA comprehensive analysis. Results It was found that at hour 0 and hour 6 after PH, the ratio value of MYC mRNA showed 0.15±0.03 and 2.36±0.20, miR-134-5p indicated 3.22±0.61 and 0.08±0.02, circRNA_12112 displayed 0.68±0.21 and 13.35±3.53. At the same time, the cell cycle initiation-related genes ras association domain family member 1 (RASSF1), cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), which were promoted in expression by MYC, were down-regulated at hour 0 after PH, but the cell cycle initiation-related genes nestin (NES), RAD21 cohesin complex component (RAD21), CUE domain containing 2 (CUEDC2), which are inhibieted in expression by MYC, had no meaningful express changes at hour 0 after PH. On the other hand, the cell cycle initiation-related gene SOD2, which was promoted in expression by MYC, was up-regulated at hour 6 after PH, but the cell cycle initiation-related genes NES, RAD21, CUEDC2, which are inhibieted in expression by MYC, were down-regulated at hour 6 after PH. In contrary, at hour 72 after PH, the ratio value of MYC mRNA showed 2.36±0.20, miR-880-3p indicated 0.54±0.01, circRNA_09599 displayd 0.54±0.16. At the same time, the cell cycle termination-related gene hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is promoted in expression by MYC, was up-regulated 72 hours after PH, the cell cycle termination-related genes MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), which are inhibieted in expression by MYC, were down-regulated 72 hours after PH. Conclusion The correlation in expression and role of the miRNAs, which are inhibited by circRNAs, MYC, its mRNA is inhibited by miRNAs, and the cell cycle initiation-related and cell cycle termination-related genes, which are regulated by MYC, are helpful for the hepatocyte to be in cell cycle initiation state at hour 6 after PH and to be in cell cycle termination state at hour 72 after PH.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the diagnostic value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in bone marrow infiltration (BMI) of newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), compared with the results of bone marrow biopsy (BMB) and investigate whether the BMI diagnosed by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and other factors have independent prognostic values. METHODS: Ninety-four newly diagnosed DLBCL patients who underwent PET/CT in Clinical Medical College of Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included. BMB was performed within 2 weeks before or after PET/CT, and standardized treatment was performed after PET/CT. The manifestations of bone marrow (BM) FDG uptake were recorded. The diagnostic criteria of BMI were BMB positive or focal BM FDG uptake confirmed by imaging follow-up. The relationship between clinical features and BM FDG uptake and the values of PET/CT and BMB in the diagnosis of BMI was analyzed. The progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank test was used to compare PFS rate, and Cox regression model was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting PFS. RESULTS: Among 94 DLBCL patients, 34 patients showed focal BM uptake (fPET), 7 patients showed super BM uptake (sBMU), 11 patients showed diffuse homogenous uptake higher than liver (dPET), and the other 42 patients had normal BM uptake (nPET) (lower than liver). BMB positive was found in all sBMU patients, in 20.6%(7/34) of fPET patients, and in 27.3% (3/11) of dPET patients. All nPET patients had negative BMB results. dPET patients were associated with lower hemoglobin level and leukocyte count compared with nPET group (P < 0.001, P =0.026). Compared with fPET patients, sBMU patients were more likely to have B symptoms and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). A total of 44 patients were diagnosed BMI, including 17 cases with BMB⁺. The sensitivity and specificity of BMB in the diagnosis of BMI was 38.6% (17/44) and 100% (50/50), respectively. Using fPET and sBMU as criteria of PET BMI, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT was 93.2% (41/44) and 100% (50/50), respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there was no significant difference in 2-year PFS rate between nPET and dPET patients (P >0.05), while sBMU patients had lower 2-year PFS rate compared with fPET patients (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that higher Ann Arbor stage (HR=9.010, P =0.04) and sBMU (HR=3.964, P =0.002) were independent risk factors affecting PFS. CONCLUSIONS Increased BM FDG uptake of DLBCL can be manifested as dPET, fPET and sBMU. fPET and sBMU can replace BMB to diagnose BMI. Although dPET cannot completely exclude the possibility of BMI, it does not affect the prognosis, so it can be diagnosed as PET BMI negative. sBMU is an independent prognostic risk factor.
Humans ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods* ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Prognosis ; Bone Marrow/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; China ; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods* ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology* ; Biopsy

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the ability of B-mode ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict the repairability of large-to-massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs). Methods: This cross-sectional study included participants with large-to-massive RCTs who underwent arthroscopic repair. B-mode ultrasonography and MRI were conducted prior to arthroscopic repair. B-mode ultrasonography was used to evaluate the echogenicity of the rotator cuff muscle using the Heckmatt scale. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities were examined for two independent physicians. MRI was used to evaluate the degrees of tendon retraction, fatty infiltration of rotator cuff muscles, and muscle atrophy. Finally, two experienced orthopedic surgeons performed surgery and decided whether the torn stump could be completely repaired intraoperatively. Results: Fifty participants were included, and 32 complete repairs and 18 partial repairs were performed. B-mode ultrasonography showed good intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability for assessment of the muscle echogenicity of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. The correlation coefficients between B-mode ultrasound findings and MRI findings showed medium to large effect sizes (r=0.4-0.8). The Goutallier classification of the infraspinatus muscles was the MRI predictor with the best discriminative power for surgical reparability (area under the curve [AUC], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81 to 0.98), while the Heckmatt scale for infraspinatus muscles was the most accurate ultrasound predictor (AUC, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.96). No significant differences in AUCs among the MRI and ultrasound predictors were found. Conclusion B-mode ultrasonography was a reliable examination tool and had a similar ability to predict surgical reparability to that of MRI among patients with large-to-massive RCTs.

By consulting ancient herbal medicines and medical books， combined with modern documents and field investigations， the textual research of Pheretima has been conducted to verify the name， origin， producing area， quality， harvesting and processing changes， and sort out the relationship of origin between ancient and modern times， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of the related famous classical formulas. Through textual research， it is known that there are many aliases for Pheretima， the rectification of name was "Qiuyin" or "Baijing Qiuyin" in materia medica books. In the Song dynasty and later prescription books， the prescription name is mostly Dilong. From the beginning of Yaowu Chuchanbian （《药物出产辨》）， Dilong was used as the rectification of name. It is widely distributed in our country， which is produced all over the country and mostly wild. According to ancient Pheretima with "Baijing Dilong"， "Jingbai Shenzi" and "Datiao" as the principles of medicine， combined with historical origin， producing area and easy access， it is confirmed that Pheretima used in ancient times to the present is mainly Pheretima aspergillum， and it also has many other Qiuyin as Pheretima for medicinal purposes. Chinese Pharmacopoeia has unified the origin of the Pheretima since the 1995 edition based on historical origins and actual harvesting conditions. The medicinal material processed by P. aspergillum was called Guangdilong， and the medicinal materials processed by P. vulgaris， P. guillelmi and P. pectinifera were called Hudilong. Since then， all the herbal books published in the future are in line with Chinese Pharmacopoeia that was implemented at that time. The authentic production areas of Guangdilong are Guangdong and Guangxi， and the authentic production areas of Hudilong is Jiangsu， Shanghai， Zhejiang and Anhui. The Guangdilong produced in Guangdong and Guangxi has the best quality. After harvesting， remove the soil and offal， wash and dry. Clinically cut into sections for medicine， or prepare medicine according to prescription. The Pheretima in ancient used "Baijing Dilong"， "Jingbai Shenzi" and "Datiao" as the mainstream quality evaluation standards. According to historical origins， P. aspergillum should be the main source of Pheretima， and its quality is better than other species. Therefore， it is recommended that Pheretima in Shentong Zhuyutang use P. aspergillum， which is produced in Guangdong， Guangxi and other places. After harvest， the abdomen was opened in time to remove the viscera and sediment， washed and dried.

By consulting ancient Chinese herbal medicines and medical books， combined with modern documents， the textual research of Polygonati Rhizoma has been conducted to verify the name， origin， bitter-flavored Polygonatum species， Latin name evolution， origin， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing changes， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of the famous classical formulas. Through textual research， it can be seen that there are many other names for Polygonati Rhizoma， and Huangjing is the correct name since Mingyi Bielu. Based on the original research， it is concluded that P. sibiricum and P. cyrtonema were the mainstream of Polygonati Rhizoma before the Tang dynasty， and P. kingianum was added in the Qing dynasty. According to the shape of medicinal materials， these Polygonatum species were called Jitou Huangjing， Jiangxing Huangjing and Dahuangjing. The harvest time of Polygonati Rhizoma is spring and autumn. After harvest， it is steamed and dried in the sun， and its processing method is mainly "nine steaming and nine storms". Bitter-flavored Polygonatum is mainly P. cirrhifolium， P. zanlanscianense， P. curvistylum and P. verticillatum， which are not suitable for medicine. Based on textual research， it is recommended that when developing famous classical formulas and health products with Polygonati Rhizoma as the main raw material， the origin and producing area should be clear and fixed， and P. sibiricum or P. cyrtonema with clear origin should be used. It is necessary to conduct germplasm survey and sampling in the producing area， establish a planting base and a traceability system for Polygonati Rhizoma， in order to control the quality and stabilize the efficacy of the products. The processing method of Polygonati Rhizoma can be determined according to the product function positioning.

There are increasing number of clinical studies on the use of stem cells in the treatment of liver diseases. Most studies have shown that stem cells can significantly improve liver function and prolong survival in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and liver failure. However, the current study has high heterogeneity and few mechanistic research data, which cannot answer many key questions about stem cell therapy for liver diseases. This paper reviews the research status of stem cells, in order to clarify the existing problems and challenges, and puts forward some reflections and countermeasures, with hope to promote the clinical application of stem cells in the treatment of liver diseases.
Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/therapy* ; Liver Diseases/therapy*