Objective To analyze the temporal changing trend of postoperative pneumonia(POP)monitoring data in a tertiary first-class cancer hospital in Fujian Province from 2018 to 2023,and provide reference for the effective-ness of implementation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)prevention and control measures.Methods The temporal changing trend of POP monitoring data of cancer patients in this hospital from 2018 to 2023 was analyzed by Joinpoint regression model,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)was calculated.Results From 2018 to 2023,the POP incidences of all cancer patients and patients with different tumors in this hospital were as follows:3.46％in all cancer patients,4.77％,18.16％,11.50％,4.66％,0.85％,3.74％,and 0.46％in pa-tients with lung cancer,esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,intestinal cancer,gynecological tumors,hepatobiliary-pancreatic tumor,as well as head and neck tumors,respectively.From 2018 to 2023,the POP incidence of all can-cer patients in the hospital decreased from 5.47％to 1.73％,and POP incidences of patients with lung cancer,gas-tric cancer,and intestinal cancer decreased from 12.23％,14.93％,and 4.40％to 2.60％,3.73％,and 2.09％,respectively.Joinpoint regression model analysis showed that from 2018 to 2023,the AAPC of POP incidence of all cancer patients in the hospital was-19.78％,and the AAPCs of patients with lung cancer,gastric cancer,and in-testinal cancer were-23.69％,-27.30％,and-19.40％,respectively.The incidences of POP in all cancer pa-tients,as well as patients with lung cancer,gastric cancer,and intestinal cancer all showed downward trends,and the differences were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05).According to age,the AAPCs of the ≤60 and＞60 year old groups were-22.02％and-20.48％,respectively,both groups showed statistically significant difference in trends(both P＜0.05).In terms of gender,the AAPCs of the male and female groups were-16.56％and-28.35％,respectively,both groups showed statistically significant difference in trends(both P＜0.05).From 2018 to 2023,Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a significant upward trend in the constituent of POP pathogens in cancer patients,with an AAPC of 6.92％,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The incidences of POP in some cancer patients in the hospital present significant downward trends,indicating that HAI infection prevention and control measures are effective,but it is still necessary to strengthen the meticulous management of the whole perioperative process.

Purpose To investigate the expression and clinical significance of the embryonic lethal abnormal vi-sion-like(ELAVL)family in glioma.Methods Pan-cancer and glioma-specific analyses of mRNA expression profiles of the ELAVL family were analyzed using the TCGA and GTEx databases.The association between ELAVL family ex-pression and survival of glioma patients was evaluated via the gene expression profiling interactive analysis 2(GEPIA2)database.The expression level of ELAVL2 protein in human glioma tissues and non-tumor control brain tissues was ver-ified by immunohistochemistry,and the relationship between its expression and prognosis was analyzed based on the fol-low-up data of patients.Western blot was performed to assess ELAVL2 protein levels in human immortalized astrocytes of UC2 and seven glioma cell lines.Overexpression of ELAVL2 in glioma cells was achieved to evaluate its impact on cell proliferation using in vitro assays.Results Compared to normal tissues,the ELAVL family exhibited distinct ex-pression patterns across various cancers.In glioma,ELAVL1 was significantly upregulated,while ELAVL2,ELAVL3 and ELAVL4 were markedly downregulated.Survival analysis revealed that low ELAVL2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor survival in glioma patients(P＜0.05).Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the expression of ELAVL2 decreased with the increase of glioma grade,and its low expression indicated a poor prognosis for patients(P＜0.001).Overexpression of ELAVL2 inhibited glioma cell proliferation in vitro(P＜0.001),suggesting its tumor-suppressive role.Conclusion The ELAVL family members play a critical role in glioma progression.ELAVL2 downregulation serves as a marker for adverse clinical outcomes and represents a potential therapeutic target for glioma therapy.

Objective To analyse molecular biology for confirmed weak agglutination in blood group serology RhD,and explicit the reason for the antigen weakening.Methods One person who underwent a blood type serdogical test in Shenzhen in 2023 and was found to have weak D was selected as the research subject.Primer-polymerase chain reaction(SSP-PCR)was used to detect the RhD,RhC and RhE genotypes,and sunger sequencing was used to analyze the RhD,RhC and RhE gene sequences.Results The results of anti-D by microcolumn agglutination method were weakly agglutinated,and the results of anti-D by saline test tube method were negative,and the results of irregular antibody screening and direct anti-human globulin test were negative.The sequencing results showed that the sample had an insertion signal in exon 9,and the mutation was consistent with RhD*weak D type 2,GenBank:OM925755.1 according to the NCBI genebank alignment.Conclusion The serologic test result of the subject's blood group is weak D,which may be due to the gene mutation cause by the insertion of the first base of RhD exon 9,which cause the translation of the first amino acid of the exon from glycine to alanine,and cause the subsequent gene mismatch to cause the translation of amino acids,thereby weakening the expression of RhD blood group antigen.

Purpose To investigate the expression and clinical significance of the embryonic lethal abnormal vi-sion-like(ELAVL)family in glioma.Methods Pan-cancer and glioma-specific analyses of mRNA expression profiles of the ELAVL family were analyzed using the TCGA and GTEx databases.The association between ELAVL family ex-pression and survival of glioma patients was evaluated via the gene expression profiling interactive analysis 2(GEPIA2)database.The expression level of ELAVL2 protein in human glioma tissues and non-tumor control brain tissues was ver-ified by immunohistochemistry,and the relationship between its expression and prognosis was analyzed based on the fol-low-up data of patients.Western blot was performed to assess ELAVL2 protein levels in human immortalized astrocytes of UC2 and seven glioma cell lines.Overexpression of ELAVL2 in glioma cells was achieved to evaluate its impact on cell proliferation using in vitro assays.Results Compared to normal tissues,the ELAVL family exhibited distinct ex-pression patterns across various cancers.In glioma,ELAVL1 was significantly upregulated,while ELAVL2,ELAVL3 and ELAVL4 were markedly downregulated.Survival analysis revealed that low ELAVL2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor survival in glioma patients(P＜0.05).Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the expression of ELAVL2 decreased with the increase of glioma grade,and its low expression indicated a poor prognosis for patients(P＜0.001).Overexpression of ELAVL2 inhibited glioma cell proliferation in vitro(P＜0.001),suggesting its tumor-suppressive role.Conclusion The ELAVL family members play a critical role in glioma progression.ELAVL2 downregulation serves as a marker for adverse clinical outcomes and represents a potential therapeutic target for glioma therapy.

Objective To analyze the temporal changing trend of postoperative pneumonia(POP)monitoring data in a tertiary first-class cancer hospital in Fujian Province from 2018 to 2023,and provide reference for the effective-ness of implementation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)prevention and control measures.Methods The temporal changing trend of POP monitoring data of cancer patients in this hospital from 2018 to 2023 was analyzed by Joinpoint regression model,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)was calculated.Results From 2018 to 2023,the POP incidences of all cancer patients and patients with different tumors in this hospital were as follows:3.46％in all cancer patients,4.77％,18.16％,11.50％,4.66％,0.85％,3.74％,and 0.46％in pa-tients with lung cancer,esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,intestinal cancer,gynecological tumors,hepatobiliary-pancreatic tumor,as well as head and neck tumors,respectively.From 2018 to 2023,the POP incidence of all can-cer patients in the hospital decreased from 5.47％to 1.73％,and POP incidences of patients with lung cancer,gas-tric cancer,and intestinal cancer decreased from 12.23％,14.93％,and 4.40％to 2.60％,3.73％,and 2.09％,respectively.Joinpoint regression model analysis showed that from 2018 to 2023,the AAPC of POP incidence of all cancer patients in the hospital was-19.78％,and the AAPCs of patients with lung cancer,gastric cancer,and in-testinal cancer were-23.69％,-27.30％,and-19.40％,respectively.The incidences of POP in all cancer pa-tients,as well as patients with lung cancer,gastric cancer,and intestinal cancer all showed downward trends,and the differences were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05).According to age,the AAPCs of the ≤60 and＞60 year old groups were-22.02％and-20.48％,respectively,both groups showed statistically significant difference in trends(both P＜0.05).In terms of gender,the AAPCs of the male and female groups were-16.56％and-28.35％,respectively,both groups showed statistically significant difference in trends(both P＜0.05).From 2018 to 2023,Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a significant upward trend in the constituent of POP pathogens in cancer patients,with an AAPC of 6.92％,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The incidences of POP in some cancer patients in the hospital present significant downward trends,indicating that HAI infection prevention and control measures are effective,but it is still necessary to strengthen the meticulous management of the whole perioperative process.

Objective To analyse molecular biology for confirmed weak agglutination in blood group serology RhD,and explicit the reason for the antigen weakening.Methods One person who underwent a blood type serdogical test in Shenzhen in 2023 and was found to have weak D was selected as the research subject.Primer-polymerase chain reaction(SSP-PCR)was used to detect the RhD,RhC and RhE genotypes,and sunger sequencing was used to analyze the RhD,RhC and RhE gene sequences.Results The results of anti-D by microcolumn agglutination method were weakly agglutinated,and the results of anti-D by saline test tube method were negative,and the results of irregular antibody screening and direct anti-human globulin test were negative.The sequencing results showed that the sample had an insertion signal in exon 9,and the mutation was consistent with RhD*weak D type 2,GenBank:OM925755.1 according to the NCBI genebank alignment.Conclusion The serologic test result of the subject's blood group is weak D,which may be due to the gene mutation cause by the insertion of the first base of RhD exon 9,which cause the translation of the first amino acid of the exon from glycine to alanine,and cause the subsequent gene mismatch to cause the translation of amino acids,thereby weakening the expression of RhD blood group antigen.

Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) have drawn great interest in the biomedical field on account of their special morphology, low viscosity, self-regulation, and facile preparation methods. Moreover, their large intramolecular cavities, high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and targeting properties render them very suitable for anti-tumor drug delivery. Recently, exploiting the specific characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, a range of multifunctional HBPs responsive to the tumor microenvironment have emerged. By further introducing various types of drugs through physical embedding or chemical coupling, the resulting HBPs based delivery systems have played a crucial part in improving drug stability, increasing effective drug concentration, decreasing drug toxicity and side effects, and enhancing anti-tumor effect. Here, based on different types of tumor microenvironment stimulation signals such as pH, redox, temperature, etc., we systematically review the preparation and response mechanism of HBPs, summarize the latest advances in drug delivery applications, and analyze the challenges and future research directions for such nanomaterials in biomedical clinical applications.

Objective:To investigate the effect of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2) on ferroptosis and its possible mechanism in glioblastoma cells.Methods:The online database of gene expression profiling interactive analysis 2 (GEPIA 2) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas were used to analyze the expression of SRSF2 in glioblastoma tissue and its association with patients prognosis. To validate the findings of the online databases, the pathological sections of glioblastoma and non-tumor brain tissues from Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China were collected and analyzed by using immunohistochemistry. Silencing SRSF2 gene expression in glioblastoma cells by siRNA was analyzed with Western blot. The proliferation index was detected by using CCK8 assay. The rescued experiment was conducted by using expression plasmid of pcDNA3.1(+)-SRSF2. The activity of ferroptosis was assessed by using the levels of iron ions and malondialdehyde in glioblastoma cells and the changes in the ratio of glutathione to oxidized glutathione. The changes of gene expression and differential pre-mRNA alternative splicing (PMAS) induced by SRSF2 were monitored by using the third-generation sequencing technology analysis, namely Oxford nanopore technologies (ONT) sequencing analysis.Results:SRSF2 expression was higher in glioblastoma tissues than non-tumor brain tissues. Immunohistochemistry also showed a positive rate of 88.48%±4.60% in glioblastoma tissue which was much higher than the 9.97%±4.57% in non-tumor brain tissue. The expression of SRSF2 was inversely correlated with overall and disease-free disease survivals ( P<0.01). The proliferation index of glioblastoma cells was significantly reduced by silencing with SRSF2 siRNA ( P<0.01) and could be reversed with transfection of exogenous SRSF2. The levels of intracellulariron ions and malondialdehyde increased ( P<0.05), but the glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio and the expression of key proteins in the glutathione pathway remained unchanged ( P>0.05). ONT sequencing results showed that silencing SRSF2 in glioblastoma cells could induce a significant alternative 3' splice site change on ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1). Conclusion:SRSF2 inhibits the ferroptosis in glioblastoma cells and promotes their proliferation, which may be achieved by regulating FSP1 PMAS.

Hyperbranched polymers(HBPs)have drawn great interest in the biomedical field on account of their special morphology,low viscosity,self-regulation,and facile preparation methods.Moreover,their large intramolecular cavities,high biocompatibility,biodegradability,and targeting properties render them very suitable for anti-tumor drug delivery.Recently,exploiting the specific characteristics of the tumor microenvironment,a range of multifunctional HBPs responsive to the tumor microenvironment have emerged.By further introducing various types of drugs through physical embedding or chemical coupling,the resulting HBPs based delivery systems have played a crucial part in improving drug sta-bility,increasing effective drug concentration,decreasing drug toxicity and side effects,and enhancing anti-tumor effect.Here,based on different types of tumor microenvironment stimulation signals such as pH,redox,temperature,etc,we systematically review the preparation and response mechanism of HBPs,summarize the latest advances in drug delivery applications,and analyze the challenges and future research directions for such nanomaterials in biomedical clinical applications.

Objective To investigate the serological characteristics and molecular mechanism of a case of Bel subtype.Methods Serological method was used to analyze the ABO blood group of the patient,absorption and elution test was used to detect the weak antigen on red blood cells,and molecular biology method was used to analyze the ABO gene sequence of the patient.Results The forward typing of the patient was O type,but the reverse typing was B type.The weak B antigen was confirmed by absorption and elution method.This mutation was not found in ISBT and related literature,and was discov-ered for the first time.The patient's blood type was Bel(29insertG)/O.01.01 based on the sequence of exon 3-7.Conclusion In the case of ABO blood group incompatibility,the combination of serological and molecular biological detection tech-niques can improve the accuracy and reliability of ABO blood group identification.