Objective:To investigate the effect of problem-solving therapy (PST) on clinical efficacy, cognitive and social function in senile patients with first episode depression.Methods:From March 2020 to August 2021, a total of 86 patients with first onset elderly depression treated in the geriatric department of Qingdao Mental Health Center were selected. According to the random number table method, totally 86 patients were randomly divided into a study group and a control group, with 43 cases in each group. The control group was treated with antidepressant drugs and basic psychiatric nursing intervention. The study group received PST treatment on the basis of the control group for 8 weeks. The Hamilton depression scale-17 items(HAMD-17), Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA), and social dysfunction screening scale (SDSS) were used to assess the degree of depression, cognitive function and social function in both groups. SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis. Independent sample t-test was used for comparison between groups, paired sample t-test was used for comparison before and after treatment. Results:After 8 weeks of intervention, HAMD-17 scores and SDSS scores in the two groups were both significantly decreased compared with before intervention, and the differences between pre intervention and post intervention had statistical significance( t=3.067, 22.543, both P<0.05), while MoCA scores were significantly increased, and the difference between pre intervention and post intervention had statistical significance ( t=9.623, P<0.05). Compared with the control group after 8 weeks of intervention, the HAMD-17 score ((14.44±1.97), (15.58±2.66), t=2.260, P=0.026) and SDSS score((9.44±2.24), (13.00±1.73), t=8.242, P<0.001) of the study group were lower, and the score of MoCA ((25.44±1.28), (23.84±1.56), t=5.223, P<0.001) was higher. Conclusion:In addition to conventional antidepressant therapy, PST not only reduces the severity of depression in elderly patients with first episode depression, but also significantly improves their cognitive and social function.

Objective To investigate the antioxidant activity of bamboo stem extracts and the therapeutic effect of bamboo stem water extract on oxidative inflammation induced by tert butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). Methods In this study, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays were used to determine the extracellular antioxidant activity of petroleum ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract, 95% ethanol extract, and distilled water extract from bamboo stems. The human intestinal Caco-2 cell line was used as the model cell, and t-BHP was selected as the oxidative stress modeling agent. The CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability and the optimal oxidative damage concentration of t-BHP. The content of MDA, 8-OHdG, TNF-α and IL-1β were detected to assess antioxidant stress effect. Results The five extracts of bamboo all had certain antioxidant activity, among which the water extract of bamboo stem had the best comprehensive antioxidant activity with high cell viability in Caco-2 cells. The optimal modeling concentration of t-BHP was 200 μMol/L. The water extract of bamboo stem significantly reduced the content of oxidative stress related biomarkers and inflammatory factors in Caco-2 cells induced by t-BHP. Conclusion The stem extracts of bamboo in Xianning City have strong in vitro antioxidant activity. Among them, the water extract of bamboo stem has a protective effect on t-BHP induced oxidative damage in Caco-2 cells, suggesting that the water extract possesses a potential to be developed as new antioxidant products for clinical prevention and treatment of oxidative damage related diseases.

Objective To investigate the role of RNA-binding motif protein X-linked(RBMX)in regulating the proliferation,migration,invasion and glycolysis in human bladder cancer cells.Methods A lentivirus vectors system and RNA interference technique were used to construct bladder cancer 1376 and UC-3 cell models with RBMX overexpression and knockdown,respectively,and successful cell modeling was verified using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Proliferation and colony forming ability of the cells were evaluated using EdU assay and colony-forming assay,and cell migration and invasion abilities were determined using Transwell experiment.The expressions of glycolysis-related proteins M1 pyruvate kinase(PKM1)and M2 pyruvate kinase(PKM2)were detected using Western blotting.The effects of RBMX overexpression and knockdown on glycolysis in the bladder cancer cells were assessed using glucose and lactic acid detection kits.Results RT-qPCR and Western blotting confirmed successful construction of 1376 and UC-3 cell models with RBMX overexpression and knockdown.RBMX overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation,clone formation,migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells,while RBMX knockdown produced the opposite effects.Western blotting results showed that RBMX overexpression increased the expression of PKM1 and decreased the expression of PKM2,while RBMX knockdown produced the opposite effects.Glucose consumption and lactate production levels were significantly lowered in the cells with RBMX overexpression(P<0.05)but increased significantly following RBMX knockdown(P<0.05).Conclusion RBMX overexpression inhibits bladder cancer progression and lowers glycolysis level in bladder cancer cells by downregulating PKM2 expression,suggesting the potential of RBMX as a molecular target for diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.

Objective To investigate the role of RNA-binding motif protein X-linked(RBMX)in regulating the proliferation,migration,invasion and glycolysis in human bladder cancer cells.Methods A lentivirus vectors system and RNA interference technique were used to construct bladder cancer 1376 and UC-3 cell models with RBMX overexpression and knockdown,respectively,and successful cell modeling was verified using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Proliferation and colony forming ability of the cells were evaluated using EdU assay and colony-forming assay,and cell migration and invasion abilities were determined using Transwell experiment.The expressions of glycolysis-related proteins M1 pyruvate kinase(PKM1)and M2 pyruvate kinase(PKM2)were detected using Western blotting.The effects of RBMX overexpression and knockdown on glycolysis in the bladder cancer cells were assessed using glucose and lactic acid detection kits.Results RT-qPCR and Western blotting confirmed successful construction of 1376 and UC-3 cell models with RBMX overexpression and knockdown.RBMX overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation,clone formation,migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells,while RBMX knockdown produced the opposite effects.Western blotting results showed that RBMX overexpression increased the expression of PKM1 and decreased the expression of PKM2,while RBMX knockdown produced the opposite effects.Glucose consumption and lactate production levels were significantly lowered in the cells with RBMX overexpression(P<0.05)but increased significantly following RBMX knockdown(P<0.05).Conclusion RBMX overexpression inhibits bladder cancer progression and lowers glycolysis level in bladder cancer cells by downregulating PKM2 expression,suggesting the potential of RBMX as a molecular target for diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.

Objective:To translate the Papua New Guinea Vision-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (PNG-VS QoL) into Chinese and test its reliability and validity.Methods:The Chinese version of PNG-VS QoL was developed through translation, back translation, cross-cultural adaption, and pre-survey. From July to September 2023, convenience sampling was used to select visually impaired patients admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital as participants. The Chinese version of PNG-VS QoL was used to investigate and test the reliability and validity of the scale.Results:A total of 440 questionnaires were distributed, and after excluding invalid questionnaires that were illogical or had multiple choices, 435 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 98.86%. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the Chinese version of PNG-VS QoL extracted two common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 73.651%. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the Chinese version of PNG-VS QoL was 0.934, and the Cronbach's α coefficients of the two dimensions were 0.934 and 0.925, respectively. The content validity index ( CVI) at the item level ranged from 0.800 to 1.000, and the CVI/ Ave at the scale level was 0.910. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that χ 2/ df was 1.533, TLI was 0.985, CFI was 0.992, and RMSEA was 0.043. Conclusions:The Chinese version of PNG-VS QoL has good psychometric properties and is suitable for evaluating the quality of life of visually impaired patients.

Objective:To translate the Papua New Guinea Vision-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (PNG-VS QoL) into Chinese and test its reliability and validity.Methods:The Chinese version of PNG-VS QoL was developed through translation, back translation, cross-cultural adaption, and pre-survey. From July to September 2023, convenience sampling was used to select visually impaired patients admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital as participants. The Chinese version of PNG-VS QoL was used to investigate and test the reliability and validity of the scale.Results:A total of 440 questionnaires were distributed, and after excluding invalid questionnaires that were illogical or had multiple choices, 435 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 98.86%. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the Chinese version of PNG-VS QoL extracted two common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 73.651%. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the Chinese version of PNG-VS QoL was 0.934, and the Cronbach's α coefficients of the two dimensions were 0.934 and 0.925, respectively. The content validity index ( CVI) at the item level ranged from 0.800 to 1.000, and the CVI/ Ave at the scale level was 0.910. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that χ 2/ df was 1.533, TLI was 0.985, CFI was 0.992, and RMSEA was 0.043. Conclusions:The Chinese version of PNG-VS QoL has good psychometric properties and is suitable for evaluating the quality of life of visually impaired patients.

Triterpenoids are one of the most diverse compounds in plant metabolites, and they have a wide variety of physiological activities and are of important economic value. Oxidosqualene cyclases catalyze the cyclization of 2, 3-oxidosqualene to generate different types of sterols and plant triterpenoids, which is of great significance to the structural diversity of natural products. However, the mechanism of the diversified cyclization of 2, 3-oxidosqualene catalyzed by oxidosqualene cyclases remains unclear. This review summarized the research progress of oxidosqualene cyclases from the aspects of catalytic function, molecular evolutionary relationship between genes and proteins, protein structure, molecular simulation and molecular calculations, which may provide a reference for protein engineering and metabolic engineering of triterpene cyclase.
Intramolecular Transferases/metabolism* ; Metabolic Engineering ; Plants/genetics* ; Squalene/chemistry* ; Triterpenes

Objective To investigate CT and MRI features of hepatic sclerosed hemangioma (HSH).Methods CT and MRI findings were retrospectively reviewed in 20 cases of HSH,all of which were confirmed pathologically after hepatic surgery.Twenty patients underwent CT scan,4 patients underwent MRI.Meanwhile,the enhancement pattern and signal intensity were analyzed either.Results Twenty patients showed main part of tumor was hypo-attenuating on CT plain scanning,and 16 patients showed the central area of tumor was markedly more hypo-attenuating on CT plain scanning.After administration of intravenous contrast media,multifocal linear or small nodular enhancement in the peripheral area was seen during the arterial phase on 16 patients of HSH.Venous phases showed centripetal enhancement or spread around the nodules enhancement which continued to delayed phases with low density of no enhancement in the lesion area.Four patients showed no obvious enhancement on arterial phases and slight separation sample enhancement at the edge or inside of the lesions with a wide range of non enhancement areas on venous phase and delayed phase.Four patients were performed MRI examination,the lesions demonstrated hypointensity with a lower signal area on T1WI,hyperintensity with a higher signal intensity area on T2WI.The DWI sequence of b value were 0,150,800 s/mm2,all of which were obviously hypointensity.The edge of lesions showed small nodular enhancement on arterial phase,irregular concentric enhancement on venous phase and delayed phase,and there was no enhancement area with lower signal in the center of the lesion.Conclusions The enhancement pattern of HSH different from cavernous hemangioma,with a larger non enhancement area in the center of the lesions and similar to other hepatic masses with central scar,differential diagnosis dependence on CT and MRI dynamic enhanced scan.

Aim To explore the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( NADPH ) oxidase in high fat-induced injury in MIN6 isletβ cells. Methods MIN6 islet β cells were exposed to different concen-trations of palmitic acid ( 0. 1 , 0. 3 , 0. 5 , 0. 8 mmol · L-1 ) for 48 h and different time points of 0. 5 mmol· L-1 palmitic acid(24,48,72,96 h). Cell viability was measured by MTT, the protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunits such as p22 phox , p47 phox , p67 phox and gp91 phox and apoptosis related proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot. Results MIN6 islet cells exposed to palmitic acid at 0. 5 mmol ·L-1 for 48 h showed a decrease in their viability and an increase in the expression of NADPH oxidase sub-units(p22phox、p47phox、p67phox and gp91phox) and Bax(P<0. 05 ) , while Bcl-2 expression was significantly re-duced. the pretreat with NADPH oxidase inhibitor di-phenyliodonium( DPI,10 μmol · L-1 ) significantly in-hibited high fat-induced Bcl-2 and Bax expression( P<0. 05 ) . Conclusion Activated NADPH oxidase might play an important role in the treatment of high fat-in-duced injury in MIN6 islet cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture combined with human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells ( HAMCs ) transplantation on the osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.Methods Forty-five healthy female non-pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operated group, model group and experimental group ( acupuncture+HAMC transplantation), 15 rats in each group.At 7 days after the surgical wound healing, the rats received acupuncture every day and intravenous injection of HAMCs suspension ( except the sham operated group) once a week for consecutive 12 weeks.The body weight was measured every week.24 hours after the last intervention, the rats were killed and specimens were collected.Specimens of the mid-, proximal-and distal femur were taken to measure the bone mineral density using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometer.At 12 weeks after the intervention, changes of the expression of serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-HVD), C-terminal peptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), bone specific alkaline phosphatase ( BAP) and human tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b ( TRACP 5b) were determined by ELISA, the biomechanical properties of the removed femur was measured, and the expression of transforming growth factor-β( TGF-β) in the vertebrae was assessed by RT-PCR assay.Results Body weight of rats in the sham operation group was increased gradually in accordance with the natural growth of animals, that of the model group was significantly higher than that of the sham operated group since two months after modeling, and the body weight of the experimental group was similar to that of the sham operated group.The bone mineral density and calcium content of the model group were significantly decreased compared with that of the sham operated group ( P<0.05) , and the bone mineral density and bone calcium content of the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the model group ( P <0.05 ) .The ELISA showed that the expressions of serum 25-HVD, CTX I, BAP, and TRAP5b in the model group were significantly lower than that of the sham operated group, and those of the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the model group ( P<0.05 ) . Measurement of biomechanical properties showed that the limit load, limit stress and elastic modulus of the femur of the sham operated group were significantly higher than that of the model group ( P<0.05 ) , and the limit load and elastic modulus of the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the sham operated group ( P <0.05 ) .T-PCR showed that the expression of TGF-β1 m-RNA in the experimental group was significantly up-regulated than that of the sham operated and model groups ( P<0.05) .Conclusions Acupuncture combined with human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell ( HAMCs) transplantation has a synergistic effect on the treatment of osteoporosis, and can improve the conditions in ovariectomized rats.