African swine fever(ASF),caused by the African swine fever virus(ASFV),is a highly lethal and hemorrhagic contagious disease.Following its introduction into China in 2018,the subse-quent widespread transmission of ASF has inflicted substantial economic losses on the domestic swine industry.ASFV,the sole member of the family Asfarviridae and genus Asfivirus,posses-ses a large double-stranded DNA genome ranging from 170 to 190 kbp and exhibits a structurally complex virion.Current research reveals that ASFV employs sophisticated strategies to evade host immune defenses,particularly through multifactorial modulation of critical nodes in the interferon(IFN)signaling pathway,thereby facilitating viral persistence.This article provides a review of current research on ASFV proteins involved in regulating type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ interferon responses.It not only advances our understanding of viral pathogenesis but also provides crucial theoretical foundations for vaccine development,particularly for rationally designed gene-deleted vaccines.

Objective:To explore the impact of the Yiqi Huoxue formula combined with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) antiviral therapy on the serum N-glycan abundance in patients with hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis so as to clarify the application value of the oligosaccharide chain test (GT) for dynamic monitoring of the liver fibrosis progression.Methods:Sixty-two cases diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B at the Department of Hepatology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, between January 2020 and December 2022 were enrolled and divided into a Yiqi Huoxue Formula (YQHX) combined with NAs group and an NAs monotherapy group ( n=31), with 31 cases in each group for a total of 96 weeks of follow-up. Patient's basic clinical characteristics and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were collected. GT was used simultaneously to detect the serum N-glycan profile and abundance changes. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between the two groups. Enumeration data were expressed as number of cases and percentages (%). The χ2 test was used to compare constituent ratios between two or more groups. Correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman method, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results:The proportion of patients was significantly higher in the YQHX combined with NAs group than the NAs monotherapy group [61.29% (19/31) vs. 9.68% (3/31), P<0.05] with no progression in liver fibrosis staging following 96 weeks of follow-up. The abundance of the N-glycan marker peak 8 [triantennary N-glycan (NA3)] had resulted in significant change for liver fibrosis improvements ( P<0.05), which predicts liver fibrosis progression and reversal in populations sensitive to traditional Chinese medicine. Conclusion:The combined application of Yiqi Huoxue formula and NAs can significantly promote the improvement rate of hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis. Serum N-glycan peak 8 may serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring the reversal of hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis.

African swine fever(ASF),caused by the African swine fever virus(ASFV),is a highly lethal and hemorrhagic contagious disease.Following its introduction into China in 2018,the subse-quent widespread transmission of ASF has inflicted substantial economic losses on the domestic swine industry.ASFV,the sole member of the family Asfarviridae and genus Asfivirus,posses-ses a large double-stranded DNA genome ranging from 170 to 190 kbp and exhibits a structurally complex virion.Current research reveals that ASFV employs sophisticated strategies to evade host immune defenses,particularly through multifactorial modulation of critical nodes in the interferon(IFN)signaling pathway,thereby facilitating viral persistence.This article provides a review of current research on ASFV proteins involved in regulating type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ interferon responses.It not only advances our understanding of viral pathogenesis but also provides crucial theoretical foundations for vaccine development,particularly for rationally designed gene-deleted vaccines.

Objective:To explore the impact of the Yiqi Huoxue formula combined with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) antiviral therapy on the serum N-glycan abundance in patients with hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis so as to clarify the application value of the oligosaccharide chain test (GT) for dynamic monitoring of the liver fibrosis progression.Methods:Sixty-two cases diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B at the Department of Hepatology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, between January 2020 and December 2022 were enrolled and divided into a Yiqi Huoxue Formula (YQHX) combined with NAs group and an NAs monotherapy group ( n=31), with 31 cases in each group for a total of 96 weeks of follow-up. Patient's basic clinical characteristics and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were collected. GT was used simultaneously to detect the serum N-glycan profile and abundance changes. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between the two groups. Enumeration data were expressed as number of cases and percentages (%). The χ2 test was used to compare constituent ratios between two or more groups. Correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman method, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results:The proportion of patients was significantly higher in the YQHX combined with NAs group than the NAs monotherapy group [61.29% (19/31) vs. 9.68% (3/31), P<0.05] with no progression in liver fibrosis staging following 96 weeks of follow-up. The abundance of the N-glycan marker peak 8 [triantennary N-glycan (NA3)] had resulted in significant change for liver fibrosis improvements ( P<0.05), which predicts liver fibrosis progression and reversal in populations sensitive to traditional Chinese medicine. Conclusion:The combined application of Yiqi Huoxue formula and NAs can significantly promote the improvement rate of hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis. Serum N-glycan peak 8 may serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring the reversal of hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis.