Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）combined with infliximab in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and explore its possible action mechanism.Methods:A total of 50 patients with ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into treatment group（26 cases）and control group（24 cases）. The treatment group was given HBO combined with infliximab，while the control group was given infliximab alone. Both groups were treated for 30 weeks.Results:The comprehensive efficacy，infliximab response rate，and trough level of the maintenance period（from the 3rd to the 5th injection）in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group with statistically significant differences，respectively［92.3% vs. 66.7%， P<0.05；92.3% vs. 66.7%， P<0.01；（1.32±0.26）μg/ml vs.（0.74±0.22）μg/ml， P<0.01］；and the treatment group could significantly improve the levels of CD4 + and CD4 +/CD8 +，reduce the levels of CD8 +，TNF-α，IL-6，and CRP（ P<0.05）. Conclusion:HBO combined with infliximab in the treatment of ulcerative colitis can significantly improve the response rate of infliximab and enhance the curative effect，which may be achieved by inhibiting the proliferation of T lymphocyte and reducing the release of inflammatory factors.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）combined with infliximab in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and explore its possible action mechanism.Methods:A total of 50 patients with ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into treatment group（26 cases）and control group（24 cases）. The treatment group was given HBO combined with infliximab，while the control group was given infliximab alone. Both groups were treated for 30 weeks.Results:The comprehensive efficacy，infliximab response rate，and trough level of the maintenance period（from the 3rd to the 5th injection）in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group with statistically significant differences，respectively［92.3% vs. 66.7%， P<0.05；92.3% vs. 66.7%， P<0.01；（1.32±0.26）μg/ml vs.（0.74±0.22）μg/ml， P<0.01］；and the treatment group could significantly improve the levels of CD4 + and CD4 +/CD8 +，reduce the levels of CD8 +，TNF-α，IL-6，and CRP（ P<0.05）. Conclusion:HBO combined with infliximab in the treatment of ulcerative colitis can significantly improve the response rate of infliximab and enhance the curative effect，which may be achieved by inhibiting the proliferation of T lymphocyte and reducing the release of inflammatory factors.

Objective:To explore the effects and related mechanisms of curcumin and resveratrol on macrophages of colon tissues in ulcerative colitis (UC) mice.Methods:Sixty BALB/c mice were randomly and equally divided into CON group, DSS group, DSS+Cur group, DSS+Res group, Eve+Cur group and Eve+Res group. There were 10 mice in each group. CON group was the normal control group and received no treatment. UC model of mice was established by giving 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to drink freely for 7 days in other 5 groups. UC model of mice was simply established in DSS group. The gavage administrations of 0.4 ml curcumin and 0.4 ml resveratrol were performed every day in the mice of DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res group respectively after establishing the UC model. The gavage administration of 0.4 ml mTOR inhibitor Everolimus was performed in Eve+Cur group after 0.4 ml curcumin gavage administration and also was performed in Eve+Res group after 0.4 ml resveratrol gavage administration every day. The mice were sacrificed after 7 days of administration. The macrophages of colon tissues were isolated and cultured in each group. The general conditions of the mice were observed and the DAI score was evaluated. In order to examine the effects of curcumin and resveratrol on macrophages, CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of macrophages. Fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of the autophagy-related factors LC3, Beclin-1 and Atg12. ELISA was used to detect the level of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in culture supernatants of macrophages. In order to explore the associated mechanism, ELISA was used to detect the influence of mTOR inhibitor Everolimus on IL-6 and TNF-α, fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of SIRT1/mTOR pathway-related factors mTOR and SIRT1 mRNA and protein.Results:No death was observed in all of the mice. Compared with CON group, the proliferative activity of macrophages was significantly higher, and the apoptosis rate decreased significantly, the mRNA and protein expressions of Atg12, Beclin-1 and LC3 increased significantly in DSS Group, DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res group (all P<0.05) . Compared with DSS group, the proliferative activity was significantly lower, the apoptosis rate increased obviously, the mRNA and protein expressions of Atg12, Beclin-1 and LC3 decreased significantly in DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res group (all P<0.05) . Compared with CON group, the DAI scores increased, the mRNA and protein expressions of mTOR and SIRT1 decreased significantly, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α increased significantly in DSS group, DSS+Cur group, DSS+Res group, Eve+Cur group and Eve+Res group (all P<0.05) . Compared with DSS group, the DAI scores decreased, the mRNA and protein expressions of mTOR and SIRT1 increased significantly, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased significantly in DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res group (all P<0.05) . Compared with DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res Group, the DAI scores increased significantly, the mRNA and protein expressions of mTOR and SIRT1 decreased significantly, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α increased significantly in Eve+Cur group and Eve+Res group (all P<0.05) . Conclusion:Curcumin and resveratrol can inhibit the macrophages proliferation of colon tissues in UC mice, promote the apoptosis and inhibit the development of inflammation and autophagy, which may be regulated by SIRT1/mTOR pathway.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intestinal injury caused by dysfunction of intestinal stem cells and differential cells, which was induced by abnormal inflammatory reaction. The intestinal epithelium is used to regenerate and repair the injuried intestinal mucosa. Hippo signaling pathway is a signal cascade system which is found in drosophila and mammallians in recent years. Transcription coactivators YAP and TAZ are downstream effectors of Hippo signaling pathway, which can regulate the expression of target genes, play key role in regulation of tissue homeostasis, regeneration and the control of the size of organs. The dysfunction of YAP and TAZ can induce the development of tumors. This article reviews the intestinal physiological process of Hippo signaling pathway in mammllians and the potiential mechanisms, in order to explore the future research direction of this pathway in IBD and the possible therapy strategies.

Objective:To explore the effects and related mechanisms of curcumin and resveratrol on macrophages of colon tissues in ulcerative colitis (UC) mice.Methods:Sixty BALB/c mice were randomly and equally divided into CON group, DSS group, DSS+Cur group, DSS+Res group, Eve+Cur group and Eve+Res group. There were 10 mice in each group. CON group was the normal control group and received no treatment. UC model of mice was established by giving 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to drink freely for 7 days in other 5 groups. UC model of mice was simply established in DSS group. The gavage administrations of 0.4 ml curcumin and 0.4 ml resveratrol were performed every day in the mice of DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res group respectively after establishing the UC model. The gavage administration of 0.4 ml mTOR inhibitor Everolimus was performed in Eve+Cur group after 0.4 ml curcumin gavage administration and also was performed in Eve+Res group after 0.4 ml resveratrol gavage administration every day. The mice were sacrificed after 7 days of administration. The macrophages of colon tissues were isolated and cultured in each group. The general conditions of the mice were observed and the DAI score was evaluated. In order to examine the effects of curcumin and resveratrol on macrophages, CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of macrophages. Fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of the autophagy-related factors LC3, Beclin-1 and Atg12. ELISA was used to detect the level of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in culture supernatants of macrophages. In order to explore the associated mechanism, ELISA was used to detect the influence of mTOR inhibitor Everolimus on IL-6 and TNF-α, fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of SIRT1/mTOR pathway-related factors mTOR and SIRT1 mRNA and protein.Results:No death was observed in all of the mice. Compared with CON group, the proliferative activity of macrophages was significantly higher, and the apoptosis rate decreased significantly, the mRNA and protein expressions of Atg12, Beclin-1 and LC3 increased significantly in DSS Group, DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res group (all P<0.05) . Compared with DSS group, the proliferative activity was significantly lower, the apoptosis rate increased obviously, the mRNA and protein expressions of Atg12, Beclin-1 and LC3 decreased significantly in DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res group (all P<0.05) . Compared with CON group, the DAI scores increased, the mRNA and protein expressions of mTOR and SIRT1 decreased significantly, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α increased significantly in DSS group, DSS+Cur group, DSS+Res group, Eve+Cur group and Eve+Res group (all P<0.05) . Compared with DSS group, the DAI scores decreased, the mRNA and protein expressions of mTOR and SIRT1 increased significantly, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased significantly in DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res group (all P<0.05) . Compared with DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res Group, the DAI scores increased significantly, the mRNA and protein expressions of mTOR and SIRT1 decreased significantly, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α increased significantly in Eve+Cur group and Eve+Res group (all P<0.05) . Conclusion:Curcumin and resveratrol can inhibit the macrophages proliferation of colon tissues in UC mice, promote the apoptosis and inhibit the development of inflammation and autophagy, which may be regulated by SIRT1/mTOR pathway.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intestinal injury caused by dysfunction of intestinal stem cells and differential cells, which was induced by abnormal inflammatory reaction. The intestinal epithelium is used to regenerate and repair the injuried intestinal mucosa. Hippo signaling pathway is a signal cascade system which is found in drosophila and mammallians in recent years. Transcription coactivators YAP and TAZ are downstream effectors of Hippo signaling pathway, which can regulate the expression of target genes, play key role in regulation of tissue homeostasis, regeneration and the control of the size of organs. The dysfunction of YAP and TAZ can induce the development of tumors. This article reviews the intestinal physiological process of Hippo signaling pathway in mammllians and the potiential mechanisms, in order to explore the future research direction of this pathway in IBD and the possible therapy strategies.

PURPOSE: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in China and poses high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, increasing evidence has indicated that microRNAs played important functions in the occurrence and development of tumors. The purpose of this study was to identify the biological mechanisms of miR-362 in CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to assess the expression of miR-362 and SIX1. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed to evaluate the 5-year overall survival of CRC patients. The proliferative and invasive abilities of CRC cells were assessed by MTT and transwell assays. RESULTS: miR-362 was significantly decreased in CRC tissues and cell lines, compared to the normal tissues and normal cells. A significant connection was confirmed between the overall survival of 53 CRC patients and low expression of miR-362. Downregulation of miR-362 inhibited the proliferation and invasion through binding to the 3′-UTR of SIX1 mRNA in CRC. Additionally, we discovered that SIX1 was a direct target gene of miR-362 and that the expression of miR-362 had a negative connection with SIX1 expression in CRC. SIX1 could reverse partial functions in the proliferation and invasion in CRC cells. CONCLUSION: miR-362 may be a prognostic marker in CRC and suppress CRC cell proliferation and invasion in part through targeting the 3′-UTR of SIX1 mRNA. The newly identified miR-362/SIX1 axis provides insight into the progression of CRC.
Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; China ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Methods ; MicroRNAs ; Mortality ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger

Objective To observe the effects of prucalopride combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on middle and old-aged people with functional constipation,and also to explore possible mechanism involved.Methods Three hundred and fifty-two middle and old-aged people with functional constipation were randomly divided into the treatment group (n =180) and the control group (n =172).The treatment group was treated with prucalopride orally a pill a day combined with HBO,one session a day,with a treatment course of 12 weeks,while the control group received just prucalopride,a pill a day,also with a treatment course of 12 weeks.The number of people with complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBM) within 24 hours after treatment,the number of people with complete spontaneous bowel movements equal or over 3 times (CSBM ≥ 3 times) per week,improvement in constipation symptoms and life quality in patients after treatment were closely observed and recorded.Results After treatment,total effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group,and statistical significance could be seen,when comparison were made between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.01).The number of people with CSBM within 24 hours and after treatment in the treatment group and the number of people with CSBM ≥ 3 times per week,after treatment were larger than those of the control group,and improvement in constipation symptoms was also better than that of the control group.Statistical significance could be found,when comparison were made between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Following treatment,the emotional and mental health status were significantly improved (P ＜ 0.05),but there were no significant differences in physiological function and recurrence rate,as compared with those of the control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Prucalopride combined with HBO in the treatment of middle and old-aged patients with functional constipation could evidently alleviate constipation symptoms,improve their mental status and life quality,which was worth further clinical extension.

Objective To observe the effects of prucalopride combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on middle and old-aged people with functional constipation,and also to explore possible mechanism involved.Methods Three hundred and fifty-two middle and old-aged people with functional constipation were randomly divided into the treatment group (n =180) and the control group (n =172).The treatment group was treated with prucalopride orally a pill a day combined with HBO,one session a day,with a treatment course of 12 weeks,while the control group received just prucalopride,a pill a day,also with a treatment course of 12 weeks.The number of people with complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBM) within 24 hours after treatment,the number of people with complete spontaneous bowel movements equal or over 3 times (CSBM ≥ 3 times) per week,improvement in constipation symptoms and life quality in patients after treatment were closely observed and recorded.Results After treatment,total effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group,and statistical significance could be seen,when comparison were made between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.01).The number of people with CSBM within 24 hours and after treatment in the treatment group and the number of people with CSBM ≥ 3 times per week,after treatment were larger than those of the control group,and improvement in constipation symptoms was also better than that of the control group.Statistical significance could be found,when comparison were made between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Following treatment,the emotional and mental health status were significantly improved (P ＜ 0.05),but there were no significant differences in physiological function and recurrence rate,as compared with those of the control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Prucalopride combined with HBO in the treatment of middle and old-aged patients with functional constipation could evidently alleviate constipation symptoms,improve their mental status and life quality,which was worth further clinical extension.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of kuiyusan on recovering intestinal mucosa of patients with active ulcerative colitis(UC). Methods Forty-eight patients with active UC were selected as our subjects. They were applied kuiyusan to retention enema for1 time per day for 15 days as a treatment course. Next treatment course were started interval 7 days and all patients were received 3 treatment courses. Changes of pathological signs were observed before and after the treatment with kuiyusan. Results The rate of intestinal mucosal focal small hemorrhages after treatment was 37. 5 %(18 / 48),significantly lower than that at pre-treatment(87. 5%(42 / 48);χ2 = 25. 60,P < 0. 001). The UC mucosal epithelial regeneration rate,disappear rate of intestinal mucosal epithelial goblet cells and Paneth cells regeneration rate at pre-treatment were 18. 8%(9 / 48),31. 2%(15 / 48),6. 3%(3 / 48),significantly different from that after treatment(50. 0%(24 / 48), 6. 3%( 3 / 48 ),20. 8%( 10 / 48 );χ2 = 10. 39,9. 85,4. 36;P < 0. 01 ). The incidence rate of intestinal lymphocyte hyperplasia and infiltration of eosinophils at pre-treatment were 95. 8%(46 / 48)and 100%(48 /48),higher than that after treatment( 72. 9%( 35 / 48 ) and 56. 2%( 27 / 48 )) and the differences were significant(χ2 = 9. 56,26. 88;P < 0. 01). Crypt abscess incidence were decreased from 56%(27 / 48)at pre-treatment to 25%(12 / 48)at after treatment( χ2 = 9. 72,P < 0. 01). Conclusion Kuiyusan can obviously improve small vascular lesions and crypt abscess of the mucous membrane on active UC,reduce neutrophil, eosinophil infiltration,maintain the intestinal epithelial tight junction,improve mucosal barrier,as well as promote healing of mucosal inflammation.