Hyperlipidemia refers to abnormal transport of lipids and metabolic disorders in the blood,which can easily cause cardiovascular diseases.At present,there are many adverse reactions and poor tolerance of chemical drugs.Traditional Chinese medicine and minority medicine have a long history and rich clinical experience,which have the advantages of low cost,convenience,high efficiency and little side effects.To provide reference for clinicians and researchers,the clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic medicine in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia was summarized.

Hyperlipidemia refers to abnormal transport of lipids and metabolic disorders in the blood,which can easily cause cardiovascular diseases.At present,there are many adverse reactions and poor tolerance of chemical drugs.Traditional Chinese medicine and minority medicine have a long history and rich clinical experience,which have the advantages of low cost,convenience,high efficiency and little side effects.To provide reference for clinicians and researchers,the clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic medicine in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia was summarized.

Objective:To explore the relationship between gratitude and academic burnout incollege students,as well as the role of psychological well-being and proactive coping in their relationship.Methods:A total of 1 038 college students from 4 universities were selected andassessedwith the Gratitude Scale(GQ-6),Flourishing Scale(FS),Proactive Coping Scale(PCS)and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI-GS).SPSS macro pro-gram Process and Bootstrap method were used to test the mediating effect.Results:The MBI-GS scores were higher in boys than in girls(P＜0.01),and higher in those with left behind experience thanin those without left behind ex-perience(P＜0.001).The GQ-6 scores were negatively associated with the MBI-GS scores(β=-0.19,P＜0.001).PCS scores played an independent mediating role between GQ-6 scores and MBI-GS scores(Indirect effect=0.05,95％CI=0.02-0.09),while the scores of psychological well-being and proactive coping had a chain mediating effect between gratitude scores and academic burnout scores(Indirect effect=0.06,95％CI=0.03～0.01).Conclusion:It suggests that gratitude is related to academic burnout in college students,and proactive cop-ing plays an independent mediating role,while psychological well-being and proactive coping play a chain media-ting role.

Objective To establish a detection method for simultaneous determination of plasma concentrations of paraquat and diquat by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Methods All the plasma samples were pretreated using 35% perchloric acid and microporous filtering film. The chromatographic peaks of paraquat and diquat were measured by high performance liquid chromatograph (Waters 2695). The mobile phase was acetonitrile: buffer(6: 94). The buffer contained 20 mmol/L reversed-phase ion pair sodium 1-heptane sulfonate and 1. 5% phosphoric acid. The buffer′s pH was adjusted to 2.0 with triethylamine. The column temperature was 40 ℃. The flow speed was 0.8 ml/min. The detection wavelengths of paraquat and diquat were 254 nm and 309 nm. The plasma concentrations of paraquat and diquat were calculated according to the chromatographic peak area of paraquat and diquat and the standard curves were run on the same day. Results The paraquat and diquat chromatographic peaks detected by reversed phase ion-pair liquid chromatography showed good shape. The retention times of paraquat and diquat were 4.652 and 5.066 min,respectively. Peaks of paraquat and diquat were separated well and not disturbed by impurity peaks. Paraquat had a good linear relationship between the chromatographic peak area and the concentrations in the range of 0.097 7-50.000 0 μg/ml,the lowest detection concentration was 0. 090 0 μg/ml. Diquat had a good linear relationship between the chromatographic peak area and the concentrations in the range of 0.097 7-50.000 0 μg/ml,the lowest detection concentration was 0.070 0 μg/ml. The absolute recovery and relative recovery of paraquat at high, medium and low concentrations were 98.75% to 103.86% and 102.29% to 107.26%,respectively. The absolute recoveries and relative recoveries of diquat at high,medium and low concentrations were 99.67% to 111.55% and 100.85% to 101.94%,respectively. Their relative standard deviations(RSD)were all <3%. The mean values of within-day precision in high,medium,and low concentrations of paraquat were 51.030 0,6.429 6,and 0.767 0 μg/ml,respectively. The mean values of within-day precision in high, medium,and low concentrations of diquat were 50.178 6,6.509 1,and 0.829 4 μg/ml,respectively. The RSD of within-day precisions of paraquat and diquat were 0.40%-3.22%. The mean values of day to day precision in high,medium,and low concentrations of paraquat were 52.707 5,6.442 5 and 0.767 5 μg/ml,respectively. The mean values of day to day precision in high,medium,and low concentrations of diquat were 51.650 1,6.519 2 and,0.829 3 μg/ml,respectively. The day to day precisions(RSD)of paraquat and diquat were 0.20%-2.49%. The detection results of the standard plasma samples in high, medium and low concentrations which were repeatedly frozen and thawed(1 and 2 times)at 70 ℃, preserved at -20 ℃ at different time(3 and 7 days),lied at room temperature at different time(8 and 24 hours),lied at 4 ℃ at different time(1 and 2 days),and the standard plasma samples which were not treated with above-mentioned measures showed that all RSDs were <10%. Conclusions A detection method for simultaneous determination of plasma concentrations of paraquat and diquat by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography was established. The method is fast and accurate.

Objective To establish a detection method for simultaneous determination of plasma concentrations of paraquat and diquat by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Methods All the plasma samples were pretreated using 35% perchloric acid and microporous filtering film. The chromatographic peaks of paraquat and diquat were measured by high performance liquid chromatograph (Waters 2695). The mobile phase was acetonitrile: buffer(6: 94). The buffer contained 20 mmol/L reversed-phase ion pair sodium 1-heptane sulfonate and 1. 5% phosphoric acid. The buffer′s pH was adjusted to 2.0 with triethylamine. The column temperature was 40 ℃. The flow speed was 0.8 ml/min. The detection wavelengths of paraquat and diquat were 254 nm and 309 nm. The plasma concentrations of paraquat and diquat were calculated according to the chromatographic peak area of paraquat and diquat and the standard curves were run on the same day. Results The paraquat and diquat chromatographic peaks detected by reversed phase ion-pair liquid chromatography showed good shape. The retention times of paraquat and diquat were 4.652 and 5.066 min,respectively. Peaks of paraquat and diquat were separated well and not disturbed by impurity peaks. Paraquat had a good linear relationship between the chromatographic peak area and the concentrations in the range of 0.097 7-50.000 0 μg/ml,the lowest detection concentration was 0. 090 0 μg/ml. Diquat had a good linear relationship between the chromatographic peak area and the concentrations in the range of 0.097 7-50.000 0 μg/ml,the lowest detection concentration was 0.070 0 μg/ml. The absolute recovery and relative recovery of paraquat at high, medium and low concentrations were 98.75% to 103.86% and 102.29% to 107.26%,respectively. The absolute recoveries and relative recoveries of diquat at high,medium and low concentrations were 99.67% to 111.55% and 100.85% to 101.94%,respectively. Their relative standard deviations(RSD)were all <3%. The mean values of within-day precision in high,medium,and low concentrations of paraquat were 51.030 0,6.429 6,and 0.767 0 μg/ml,respectively. The mean values of within-day precision in high, medium,and low concentrations of diquat were 50.178 6,6.509 1,and 0.829 4 μg/ml,respectively. The RSD of within-day precisions of paraquat and diquat were 0.40%-3.22%. The mean values of day to day precision in high,medium,and low concentrations of paraquat were 52.707 5,6.442 5 and 0.767 5 μg/ml,respectively. The mean values of day to day precision in high,medium,and low concentrations of diquat were 51.650 1,6.519 2 and,0.829 3 μg/ml,respectively. The day to day precisions(RSD)of paraquat and diquat were 0.20%-2.49%. The detection results of the standard plasma samples in high, medium and low concentrations which were repeatedly frozen and thawed(1 and 2 times)at 70 ℃, preserved at -20 ℃ at different time(3 and 7 days),lied at room temperature at different time(8 and 24 hours),lied at 4 ℃ at different time(1 and 2 days),and the standard plasma samples which were not treated with above-mentioned measures showed that all RSDs were <10%. Conclusions A detection method for simultaneous determination of plasma concentrations of paraquat and diquat by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography was established. The method is fast and accurate.

Objective:To figure out the development status of group psychotherapy and its problems and trends in China.Methods:Properties and contents,intervention programs and methods of 386 chosen articles from key journals of psychology and Doctor & Master Thesis in the group psychotherapy area were examined with bibliometric analyses and content analysis.Result:It showed a fast increase in properties and contents for the last 15 years.The proportion of clinical and sub-clinical study was 1 ∶ 4.Totally 53.9％ of studies focused on anxiety and depression,89.4％ were quantitative studies and 86.9％ were effect studies.As for the intervention programs,36.5％ were CBT,90.0％ were short-term treatment group below 12 times,35.6％ were lack of details in introductions and 67.8％ had other missing descriptions of group leader.As for the methods,34.9％ of participants were undergraduates,experimental (34.9％) and comprehensive (44.6％) methods were dominant,and difference test (58.3％) was most widely used statistical analysis.The self-report effect evaluation accounted for about 91.4％,and the follow-up studies were less than 22％.Totally 42.9％ of studies were lack of ethical consideration.Conclusion:The status of group psychotherapy in China is still in its early developmental phase,which need further standardization and improvement.